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Caryophyllene Oxide (caryophyllene + oxide)
Selected AbstractsEssential oil composition of Pimpinella affinis Ledeb. from two localities in IranFLAVOUR AND FRAGRANCE JOURNAL, Issue 5 2006F. Askari Abstract Essential oils were isolated by hydrodistillation from the stems plus leaves, inflorescences and seeds of Pimpinella affinis Ledeb. individually. The plants were collected from Khojir and Chaloos (north-east and north of Tehran province, respectively). The yields of stem plus leaf, inflorescence and seed oils for the Khojir samples were 0.04%, 1.98% and 5.33% w/w and for the Chalous samples were 0.37%, 1.74% and 4.05% w/w, respectively. Limonene is a major constituent in the inflorescence and seed oils of the Khojir (47.9% and 90.5%, respectively) and Chalous samples (37.8% and 70.8%, respectively), whereas it was found in the stem plus leaf oil of the Khojir and the Chalous samples in low amounts (1.4% and 0.8%, respectively). , -Terpinen-7-al is the major constituent in the stem plus leaf and inflorescence oils of the Khojir (69.9% and 37.6%) and Chalous samples (72.8% and 49.1%), but was not found at all in the seed oils. Caryophyllene oxide (9.1%) was found in the stem plus leaf oil of the Khojir sample, and methyl eugenol (9.7%) and (E)-nerolidol acetate (9.1%) in the seed oil of the Chalous sample. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Neutral components from hexane extracts of Croton sellowiiFLAVOUR AND FRAGRANCE JOURNAL, Issue 1 2004Sebastićo F. Palmeira Jr Abstract Qualitative analyses by GC,FID and GC,MS of the neutral fractions from hexane extract of the leaves, stems and roots of Croton sellowii were carried out. Sesquiterpenoids, n -alkanes, aliphatic esters and aliphatic alcohols and alkyl benzene derivatives were identi,ed. Caryophyllene oxide (46.8%) and trans -caryophyllene (40.8%) were most abundant in the leaves, while caryophyllene oxide (26.5%) and cubenol (16.7%) were the main constituents in the stems. In the roots, besides mesitylene (15.2%), the sesquiterpenes , -(7.6%), , -(6.9%) and , -eudesmol (5.5%) were the most abundant components. All identi,ed constituents are described for the ,rst time in this species. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] The chemical composition of essential oils and lipophilic extracts of Silphium integrifolium Michx. and S. trifoliatum L. leavesFLAVOUR AND FRAGRANCE JOURNAL, Issue 3 2008Rados, aw Kowalski Abstract The research presented in this paper revealed that secretory ducts in leaf stalks and main nerves of leaf blades of S. integrifolium and S. trifoliatum were of schizogenic origin and were present in varied number around vascular bundles. GC,FID and GC,MS analyses of essential oils and lipophilic extracts made from leaves collected from tested Silphium species in 1999,2001 and 2007 indicated that sesquiterpene compounds were the main constituents: germacrene D, ,- caryophyllene, caryophyllene oxide and silphiperfol-6-en-5-one. Only the oil and extracts from S. integrifolium contained significant amounts of allo -aromadendr-9-ene (8.5 ± 4.2% in oil achieved in 1999,2001, as well as 3.7 ± 0.1% and 5.7 ± 0.3 µg/ml, respectively in essential oil and extract (1:10) from 2007). Besides volatile compounds, sterols such as , -sitosterol and stigmasterol as well as triterpene alcohols (,- amyrine and , -amyrine), higher alkanes, free fatty acids and their derivatives along with vitamin E were present in tested lipophilic extracts. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Essential oil composition of Prasium majus L. from GreeceFLAVOUR AND FRAGRANCE JOURNAL, Issue 5 2007A. Basta Abstract The essential oils from the aerial parts of Prasium majus (Labiatae), collected in two phenological stages in Greece, were analysed by GC,MS. Thirty-two compounds were identified, representing 99.8,99.9% of the total oils. The major constituents in sample A were 1-octen-3-ol (20.7%), , -pinene (14.7%) and linalool (13.8%), while those of sample B were dehydro-aromadendrene (31.8%), caryophyllene oxide (13.7%) and 1-octen-3-ol (12.4%). Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] The essential oil composition of Acroptilon repens (L.) DC. of Turkish originFLAVOUR AND FRAGRANCE JOURNAL, Issue 3 2006Zeynep Tunalier Abstract The composition of essential oil obtained from the aerial parts of Russian knapweed [Acroptilon repens (L.) DC.] (Asteraceae) was analyzed by GC and GC-MS. Seventy-two components were identified in the essential oil of Acroptilon repens (L.) DC. Major constituents of the essential oil were , -copaene (22.8%), , -caryophyllene (9.5%), germacrene D (9.0%), , -cubebene (7.9%) and caryophyllene oxide (6.4%). Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Pluchea arabica from OmanFLAVOUR AND FRAGRANCE JOURNAL, Issue 3 2006Fakhr Eldin O. Suliman Abstract Fresh twigs of Pluchea arabica (Boiss) Qaiser & Lack (Compositae) were steam-distilled and the essential oil obtained was analysed by GC,MS. Forty-four components were identified, accounting for 93.2% of the total components detected. The major constituents were , -cadinol (26.8%), 9-(1-methylethylidene)-bicyclo[6.1.0]nonane (10.8%), caryophyllene oxide (10.0%), methyleugenol (9.2%) and , -caryophyllene (6.9%). The essential oil of P. arabica was active against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 29213), Candida albicans (ATCC 10231) and Bacillus subtilis when tested against seven organisms. The oil was found to be less fragrant than Ocimum forskaoli oil in an odour test. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Composition of the essential oil of Centaurea huber-morathii Wagenitz isolated from seeds by microdistillationFLAVOUR AND FRAGRANCE JOURNAL, Issue 3 2006K. Hüsnü Can Ba Abstract The volatile constituents of the seeds of Centaurea huber-morathii Wagenitz (Asteraceae), obtained by microdistillation, were analysed by GC and GC,MS. Eighty-five constituents were identified in the oil, with octanol (17.8%), hexadecanoic acid (8.0%), p -cymene (4.9%) and caryophyllene oxide (3.3%) as the major components. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Chemical constituents and antimicrobial activities of the essential oil of Acroptilon repens (L.) DCFLAVOUR AND FRAGRANCE JOURNAL, Issue 2 2006Hassan Norouzi-Arasi Abstract The volatile oil from the aerial parts of Acroptilon repens (L.) DC. (Russian knapweed) growing wild in Iran was investigated by GC and GC,MS. Twenty-two components, representing 84.0% of the oil, were identified. The main constituents of the oil were caryophyllene oxide (36.6%), , -copaene (15.6%), , -caryophylene (10.0%) and , -copaene-4- , -ol (5.0%). In addition, the oil was assayed against six Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria by measuring the growth inhibitory zone. The oil of A. repens inhibited the growth of Gram-positive bacteria. Staphylococcus saprophyticus and Staphylococcus epidermidis showed strong inhibition zones, while Staphylococcus aureus showed a lower inhibition. The Gram-negative bacteria were insensitive to the oil. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Micromeria cristata and Micromeria julianaFLAVOUR AND FRAGRANCE JOURNAL, Issue 1 2006Gordana Stojanovi Abstract The chemical composition of the essential oil of Micromeria cristata and Micromeria juliana was determined by GC-MS analysis. Among the 36 identified compounds of the M. cristata essential oil, isoborneol (11.3%), borneol (8.5%), verbenone (8.2%), 10- epi - , -cadinol and thujan-3-ol, were found to be major components. The main constituents of the M. juliana oil were verbenol (11.8%), thymol (10.8%), caryophyllene oxide (10.5%), borneol (9.3%) and myrtenal (7.1%). The in-vitro antimicrobial activity of the ethanolic solution of the essential oils was investigated by the disk diffusion method with ampicillin as the standard antibiotic against six microorganisms (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella enteritidis and Aspergillus niger). At 1:20 dilution the activity of both oils was moderate while at 1:40 dilution the oils showed weak or no activity. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Composition and antimicrobial activities of the essential oil of Triumfetta rhomboidea Jacq.FLAVOUR AND FRAGRANCE JOURNAL, Issue 1 2006J. P. Mevy Abstract The essential oil of the aerial parts of Triumfetta rhomboidea was analysed by GC and GC-MS and assayed for its antibacterial and antifungal activities. The main constituents identified were trans - , -caryophyllene (22.4%), kessane (14%) and caryophyllene oxide (13%). The antimicrobial tests showed a mild activity against Escherichia coli and Enterococcus hirae. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Chemical composition of essential oil from Acroptilon repens (L.) DCFLAVOUR AND FRAGRANCE JOURNAL, Issue 6 2005M. Mirza Abstract A sample of essential oil obtained from aerial parts of Acroptilon repens (L.) DC. (Asteraceae) was examined by GC and GC/MS. Thirteen compounds were identified representing about 99.7% of the oil, with caryophyllene oxide (54.7%), , -copaene (14.8%) and , -caryophyllene (12.1%) as major constituents. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Essential oil composition of Pimpinella aurea D.C. from IranFLAVOUR AND FRAGRANCE JOURNAL, Issue 2 2005F. Askari Abstract Essential oils were isolated by hydrodistillation from the stems, ,owers and seeds of Pimpinella aurea D.C. They were collected individually from Fasham (north-west of Tehran province). The yields of stem + leaf, ,ower and seed oils were 0.4%, 1.5% and 2.0% w/w, respectively; 32 constituents were identi,ed in the stem + leaf oil, 18 in the ,ower oil and eight in the seed oil. Major constituents of the stem + leaf oil were: 1,8-cineol and limonene (21.4%), viridi,orol (12.8%), , -pinene (11.5%), kessane (10.5%), germacrene D (4.9%), , -bisabolene (4.2%), , -zingiberene (3.3%) and citronellyl acetate (3.1%). Major constituents of the ,ower oil were: viridi,orol (32.5%), , -bisabolene (29.5%), caryophyllene oxide (6.6%), 1,8-cineol + limonene (8.9%) and estragol (5.1%). Major constituents of the seed oil were: , -bisabolene (50.8%), and viridi,orol (37.0%). Three compounds (, -bisabolene, viridi,orol and caryophyllene oxide) were common to all three oils. 1,8-Cineol and limonene, kessane and , -pinene were the major compounds in the stem + leaf and ,ower oils but were not found in the seed oil. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] The essential oil of Anemia tomentosa (Savigny) Sw. var. anthriscifolia (Schrad.) MickelFLAVOUR AND FRAGRANCE JOURNAL, Issue 6 2004Hector R Juliani Abstract The essential oil composition of the aerial parts of Anemia tomentosa var. anthriscifolia (Anemiaceae) was characterized by GC,MS. Total volatile oil yield extracted by steam distillation was 0.2% dry weight basis. The volatile oil was composed mainly of sesquiterpenes (75%, as the relative percentage of the total essential oil) with lower amounts of monoterpenes (15%); no phenylpropanoids were detected. The sesquiterpenes were composed mainly of oxygenated components (67%), including , -bisabolol (51%), spathulenol (1%), caryophyllene oxide (3%), , -bisaboloxide (1%) and 14-hydroxy-9-epi-(E)-caryophyllene (1%). The monoterpenes were dominated by neral (5%) and geranial (7%), with lower amounts of , -pinene, camphene, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, 1,8-cineole and pinocarveol. This is the ,rst report of the essential oil accumulation (0.2%) and volatile composition in the aromatic fern A. tomentosa. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Composition and antifungal activity of essential oils isolated from Hypericum hyssopifolium and Hypericum heterophyllumFLAVOUR AND FRAGRANCE JOURNAL, Issue 1 2004A. Cakir Abstract The composition of the hydrodistilled essential oils obtained from the aerial parts of Hypericum hyssopifolium subsp. elongatum var. elongatum and H. heterophyllum Vent. were analysed by means of GC and GC,MS, and 66 compounds were determined in total. The oils showed remarkable differences in chemical composition. The oil of H. hyssopifolium, which is rich in monoterpenes, consists primarily of , -pinene (57.3%), , -pinene (9.0%), limonene (6.2%) and , -phellandrene (4.4%). The oil of H. heterophyllum was a complex mixture consisting mainly of sesquiterpenes (72.9% of the total oil). In this oil, isocaryophyllene (17.1%), , -pinene (11.6%), , -cadinene (9.5%), , -muurolene (8.2%), n -decane (5.8%), , -cadinene (5.5%) and , -caryophyllene (4.5%) were found to be major constituents. The two essential oils were tested for antifungal activity using microbial growth inhibition assays in vitro against 10 agricultural pathogenic fungi, which consisted of ,ve Fusarium species (F. oxysporum, F. culmorum, F. sambucinum, F. solani and F. acuminatum) and ,ve anastomosis groups of Rhizoctonia solani (AG-3, AG-4, AG-5, AG-9 and AG-11). In general, the oils showed moderate activity against several fungal species, viz F. acuminatum, AG-5 and AG-11. The most signi,cant results were obtained against AG-11 for H. heterophyllum oil. However, both oils increased the growth of some fungal species. In addition, the antifungal activity of 13 pure compounds identi,ed as major components in the essential oils of the Hypericum species studied were determined using microbial growth inhibition assays against the 10 fungal species mentioned above. Among these compounds, both , -caryophyllene oxide and , -terpineol were inhibitory to the growth of all fungi. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Neutral components from hexane extracts of Croton sellowiiFLAVOUR AND FRAGRANCE JOURNAL, Issue 1 2004Sebastićo F. Palmeira Jr Abstract Qualitative analyses by GC,FID and GC,MS of the neutral fractions from hexane extract of the leaves, stems and roots of Croton sellowii were carried out. Sesquiterpenoids, n -alkanes, aliphatic esters and aliphatic alcohols and alkyl benzene derivatives were identi,ed. Caryophyllene oxide (46.8%) and trans -caryophyllene (40.8%) were most abundant in the leaves, while caryophyllene oxide (26.5%) and cubenol (16.7%) were the main constituents in the stems. In the roots, besides mesitylene (15.2%), the sesquiterpenes , -(7.6%), , -(6.9%) and , -eudesmol (5.5%) were the most abundant components. All identi,ed constituents are described for the ,rst time in this species. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Chemical composition of the essential oil of Pistacia lentiscus L. from Morocco,a seasonal variationFLAVOUR AND FRAGRANCE JOURNAL, Issue 6 2003S. Zrira Abstract Air-dried aerial parts of Pistacia lentiscus L. collected from different regions of Morocco (Mehdia, Oulmes and Chaouen) were water-distilled to produce oil in 0.2% yields. The chemical composition of P. lentiscus oils changes from a region to another. The variations in chemical composition are important between plant populations. A total of 45 constituents were identi,ed. The major oil components of P. lentiscus from Oulmes were , -pinene (16.5,38.5%), , -myrcene (10.2,11.5%) and limonene (6.8,9.8%), while terpinen-4-ol (32.7,43.8%), , -pinene (7.1,13.5%) and bornyl acetate (6.8,10.3%) were the main constituents of Chaouen oil. For P. lentiscus from Mehdia, terpinen-4-ol (14.5,19.3%), caryophyllene oxide (6.5,10.3%) and limonene (6.7,8.1%) were the major components. The effect of harvesting time on the oil production and chemical composition was also examined at different vegetative stages (December,June). For the three locations, the best oil content was obtained during the ,owering period March,June. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Volatile constituents of the leaves and flowers of Hypericum triquetrifolium Turra,FLAVOUR AND FRAGRANCE JOURNAL, Issue 2 2003Alessandra Bertoli Abstract The ,ower and leaf oil of Hypericum triquetrifolium Turra (Guttiferae, Hypericoideae) from Calabria (Italy) were studied by GC and GC,MS. The major components identi,ed in each oil were n -nonane (8%, 15%), , -pinene (8%, 4%), , -pinene (13%, 10%), myrcene (16%, 5%), , -caryophyllene (5%, 11%), germacrene-D (10%, 13%), sabinene (13%, 3%) and caryophyllene oxide (5%, 12%) in the leaf and ,ower oils, respectively. The aerial parts of the same plant were also analysed by SPME. The SPME analysis showed higher yields of undecane (14%, 10%) and , -caryophyllene (14%, 10%) in comparison with the corresponding hydrodistillation oils, in addition to , -pinene, , -pinene, sabinene and myrcene, amounting to (9%, 6%), (7%, 4%), (1%, 9%), (1%, 10%) for the leaves and ,owers, respectively. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils of Helichrysum kraussii Sch.FLAVOUR AND FRAGRANCE JOURNAL, Issue 1 2003H. rugulosum Less. from South Africa Abstract The chemical compositions of the essential oils obtained from the aerial parts of Helichrysum kraussii and H. rugulosum were analysed by GC and GC,MS. From the 39 identified constituents, representing 85.1% and 92.9% of the two oils, respectively, ,-caryophyllene (30.7%, 12.6%), ,-pinene (12.1%,,), ,-caryophyllene oxide (,, 8.8%), cis -,-bisabolene (,, 22.7%), ,-bisabolene (,, 4.7%) and ,-humulene (9.8%, ,) were found to be the main components. Furthermore, the oils were tested against six Gram-positive or -negative bacteria and three pathogenic fungi. It was found that oils from both plants, and especially that of H. rugulosum, exhibited interesting antibacterial activity. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Analysis of the essential oil of Nepeta fissa C.A. Mey from IranFLAVOUR AND FRAGRANCE JOURNAL, Issue 2 2002F. Sefidkon Abstract Water-distilled volatile oil from the aerial parts of Nepeta fissa C.A. Mey. was analysed by a combination of GC and GC,MS. Forty-two components were identified, constituting approximately 99.3% of the oil. The main constituents of the essential oil were ,-caryophyllene (17.4%), caryophyllene oxide (12.3%), ,-muurolene (7.9%), valencene (6.6%), ,-pinene (6.0%) and ,-pinene (5.8%). Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Volatile constituents of Hymenocrater incanus Bunge, an Iranian endemic speciesFLAVOUR AND FRAGRANCE JOURNAL, Issue 4 2001M. Mirza Abstract The volatile constituents of the aerial parts of Hymenocrater incanus Bunge growing in Iran, isolated by hydrodistillation, was analysed by GC,MS. The oil was found to contain 35 components. The oil was rich in ,-caryophyllene (17.6%) and 1,8-cineole (16.9%). The other major constituents were ,-pinene (9.2%), ,-pinene (7%), trans -,-ocimene (5.4%), germacrene-D (4.5%) and caryophyllene oxide (3.9%). Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] INHIBITION OF FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND SPOILING BACTERIA BY ESSENTIAL OIL AND EXTRACTS OF ERIGERON RAMOSUS (WALT.) B.S.P.JOURNAL OF FOOD SAFETY, Issue 2 2009ATIQUR RAHMAN ABSTRACT The antibacterial potential of essential oil and methanolic extracts of Erigeron ramosus (Walt.) B.S.P. was evaluated. Thirty-one components representing 95.3% of the total oil were identified, of which ,-caryophyllene (24.0%), ,-humulene (14.5%), 1,8-cineole (9.0%), eugenol (7.2%), globulol (7.1%), caryophyllene oxide (5.2%), ,-cadinene (5.0%), ,-copaene (4.9%) and widdrol (2.0%) were the major components. The antibacterial activity of essential oil and methanolic extracts of E. ramosus was determined in vitro using the agar diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration determination test against 14 (seven gram-positive and seven gram-negative) foodborne bacteria. The essential oil (5 µL/mL, corresponding to 1,000 ppm/disc), methanol extract and its different organic subfractions (7.5 µL/mL, corresponding to 1500 ppm/disc) of E. ramosus displayed a great potential of antibacterial activity against all gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538 and KCTC 1916), Listeria monocytogenes (ATCC 19116, ATCC 19118, ATCC 19166 and ATCC 15313) and Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 and four gram-negative bacteria: Pseudomonas aeruginosa KCTC 2004, Enterobacter aerogenes KCTC 2190 and Escherichia coli (0157:H7 ATCC 43888 and ATCC 8739). The zones of inhibition of different concentrations of essential oil and methanolic extracts against the tested bacteria were found in the range of 10.1,22.3 mm, and MIC values were recorded between 62.5 and 500 µg/mL. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS The use of essential oil and organic extracts of Erigeron ramosus (Walt.) B.S.P. as antibacterial agents will be suitable for applications on the food industry as natural preservatives or flavoring to control foodborne pathogens. They can be used as growth inhibitors of Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, some important foodborne pathogens and spoiling bacteria. The main reason for their suitability is their natural origin, which consumers find comforting and which is beneficial for the environment, and the very low risk that pathogens will develop resistance to the mixture of components that make up the oil and extracts with their apparent diversity of antibacterial mechanisms. These beneficial characteristics could increase food safety and shelf life. [source] Analysis of aromatic and terpenic constituents of pepper extracts by capillary electrochromatographyJOURNAL OF SEPARATION SCIENCE, JSS, Issue 4 2007Alessandro Musenga Abstract An original method based on CEC has been developed for the determination of aromatic and terpenic compounds in extracts of spices obtained from Piper nigrum. The method is based on the use of a fused silica capillary (effective length: 23.5 cm, internal diameter: 100 ,m) packed with a C18 sorbent (packing length: 23 cm, particle size: 5 ,m). The mobile phase is a 50 mM, pH 6.0 ammonium acetate/ACN (10:90 v/v) mixture. Applying a 30 kV voltage, the following 11 compounds were separated and analysed: terpinen-4-ol, caryophyllene oxide, limonene, ,-pinene, 3-carene, ,-pinene, ,-humulene, ,-caryophyllene, ,-phellandrene, eugenol and piperine. Compound determination is carried out using a diode-array detector set at 265 and 338 nm for ,-phellandrene and piperine, respectively, and at 210 nm (reference subtraction at 282 nm) for all the other analytes. The optimised method has been validated with good results in terms of linearity, limits of quantitation, detection and precision. The CEC method was successfully applied to the analysis of essential oils and methanolic extracts of ,black', ,white' and ,green' pepper. [source] Antibacterial activities of essential oils and extracts of Turkish Achillea, Satureja and Thymus species against plant pathogenic bacteriaJOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE, Issue 1 2010Recep Kotan Abstract BACKGROUND: The aims of this study were to examine the chemical composition of the essential oils and hexane extracts of the aerial parts of Satureja spicigera (C. Koch) Boiss., Thymus fallax Fisch. & CA Mey, Achillea biebersteinii Afan, and Achillea millefolium L. by GC and GC,MS, and to test antibacterial efficacy of essential oils and n -hexane, chloroform, acetone and methanol extracts as an antibacterial and seed disinfectant against 25 agricultural plant pathogens. RESULTS: Thymol, carvacrol, p -cymene, thymol methyl ether and ,-terpinene were the main constituents of S. spicigera and T. fallax oils and hexane extracts. The main components of the oil of Achillea millefolium were 1,8-cineole, ,-cadinol and caryophyllene oxide, whereas the hexane extract of this species contained mainly n -hexacosane, n -tricosane and n -heneicosane. The oils and hexane extracts of S. spicigera and T. fallax exhibited potent antibacterial activity over a broad spectrum against 25 phytopathogenic bacterial strains. Carvacrol and thymol, the major constituents of S. spicigera and T. fallax oils, also showed potent antibacterial effect against the bacteria tested. The oils of Achillea species showed weak antibacterial activity. Our results also revealed that the essential oil of S. spicigera, thymol and carvacrol could be used as potential disinfection agents against seed-borne bacteria. CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrate that S. spicigera, T. fallax oils, carvacrol and thymol could become potentials for controlling certain important agricultural plant pathogenic bacteria and seed disinfectant. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry [source] Compositions of Essential Oils and Trichomes of Teucrium chamaedrys L. subsp.CHEMISTRY & BIODIVERSITY, Issue 1 2009subsp. syspirense (C. Koch) Rech. fil., trapezunticumRech. fil. Abstract Teucrium chamaedrys L. is a member of the Lamiaceae family and is represented in the Flora of Turkey by six subspecies. The aerial organs of T. chamaedrys L. subsp. trapezunticumRech. fil. and subsp. syspirense (C. Koch) Rech. fil. bears numerous eglandular and glandular trichomes. Eglandular trichomes are simple, long-multicellular with cuticular micropapillae, and glandular hairs are of peltate and capitate types. The peltate hairs consist of a basal cell, a short unicellular stalk, and multicellular secretory head, and the capitate ones possess 1,2 stalk cells and one glandular head cell. The aerial parts were subjected to microdistillation for the isolation of volatiles. The analysis was simultaneously performed by using gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The major components were characterized as , -caryophyllene (18%), nonacosane (12%), germacrene D (11%), caryophyllene oxide (7%), and ,- pinene (7%) for subsp. trapezunticum, and caryophyllene oxide (23%), ,- pinene (11%), and caryophyllenol II (5%) for subsp. syspirense. [source] | ||||||||||