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Carnosic Acid (carnosic + acid)
Selected AbstractsEfficient stabilization of bulk fish oil rich in long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acidsEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF LIPID SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, Issue 4 2008Stephan Drusch Abstract The aim of the present study was to systematically investigate the possibilities of stabilizing a bulk oil rich in long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids under ambient conditions. Combinations of different antioxidants (,-, ,- and/or ,-tocopherol, rosmarinic acid and rosemary extract rich in carnosic acid) as well as lecithin and citric acid were systematically investigated. Efficient stabilization was achieved by choosing a combination of tocopherols rich in ,- or ,-tocopherol and low in ,-tocopherol, by including tocopherol-sparing synergists like ascorbyl palmitate and carnosic acid from rosemary extract and metal-chelating agents. For carnosic acid, a concentration of 400,mg/kg oil provides sufficient protection; the concentration of the metal chelator should be adapted to the concentration of metal ions present in the oil. As an alternative ingredient with metal-chelating and tocopherol-sparing activity, lecithin may be included in the formulation, but its poor solubility in bulk oils limits its use. [source] Cooperative antitumor effects of vitamin D3 derivatives and rosemary preparations in a mouse model of myeloid leukemiaINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER, Issue 12 2006Hagar Sharabani Abstract 1,,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D3) is a powerful differentiation agent, which has potential for treatment of myeloid leukemias and other types of cancer, but the calcemia produced by pharmacologically active doses precludes the use of this agent in the clinic. We have shown that carnosic acid, the major rosemary polyphenol, enhances the differentiating and antiproliferative effects of low concentrations of 1,25D3 in human myeloid leukemia cell lines (HL60, U937). Here we translated these findings to in vivo conditions using a syngeneic mouse leukemia tumor model. To this end, we first demonstrated that as in HL60 cells, differentiation of WEHI-3B D, murine myelomonocytic leukemia cells induced by 1 nM 1,25D3 or its low-calcemic analog, 1,25-dihydroxy-16-ene-5,6-trans-cholecalciferol (Ro25-4020), can be synergistically potentiated by carnosic acid (10 ,M) or the carnosic acid-rich ethanolic extract of rosemary leaves. This effect was accompanied by cell cycle arrest in G0+G1 phase and a marked inhibition of cell growth. In the in vivo studies, i.p. injections of 2 ,g Ro25-4020 in Balb/c mice bearing WEHI-3B D, tumors produced a significant delay in tumor appearance and reduction in tumor size, without significant toxicity. Another analog, 1,25-dihydroxy-16,23Z-diene-20-epi-26,27-hexafluoro-19-nor-cholecalciferol (Ro26-3884) administered at the same dose was less effective than Ro25-4020 and profoundly toxic. Importantly, combined treatment with 1% dry rosemary extract (mixed with food) and 1 ,g Ro25-4020 resulted in a strong cooperative antitumor effect, without inducing hypercalcemia. These results indicate for the first time that a plant polyphenolic preparation and a vitamin D derivative can cooperate not only in inducing leukemia cell differentiation in vitro, but also in the antileukemic activity in vivo. These data may suggest novel protocols for chemoprevention or differentiation therapy of myeloid leukemia. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] INFLUENCE OF SUPERCRITICAL CARBON DIOXIDE AND METHANOLIC EXTRACTS OF ROSEMARY ON OXIDATION AND SENSORY PROPERTIES OF WHEAT GERM OILJOURNAL OF FOOD QUALITY, Issue 6 2009OZLEM YESIL-CELIKTAS ABSTRACT Both supercritical CO2 and methanolic extracts from the leaves of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) harvested from three different locations of Turkey at four different times of the year were added at a concentration of 100 mg/kg to wheat germ oil. Wheat germ oil samples were stored in an incubator for 10 days at 50C in order to promote oxidation and for the efficacy of the extracts for stabilization purposes to be examined. Degree of oxidation was determined by peroxide and p -anisidine values, which were performed every 2 days. Extracts from Mersin and Canakkale regions performed better results. Additionally, June and September harvests had lower peroxide values. According to the descriptive sensory analysis, both locations and extraction methods were found to effect flavor. Some flavor attributes, such as wheatlike/starchy, fishy and rubbery/metallic changed during storage regardless of locations and extraction methods. Supercritical CO2 extracts performed better results in terms of both oxidation and sensory properties. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS From the perspective of the food industry, wheat germ oil stabilized with a natural antioxidant such as rosemary can be marketed as a functional product that can create a niche. Rosemary extracts containing higher amounts of rosmarinic acid and carnosic acid should be preferred in order to provide a better shelf life of an edible oil such as wheat germ oil. [source] High-performance liquid chromatography method for determination of carnosic acid in rat plasma and its application to pharmacokinetic studyBIOMEDICAL CHROMATOGRAPHY, Issue 7 2009Haixia Yan Abstract A sensitive and reproducible high-performance liquid chromatography method with ultraviolet detection (UV) was developed for the determination of carnosic acid (CA) in rat plasma. After simple acidification and liquid,liquid extraction of plasma samples using gemfibrozil as an internal standard, the supernatant was evaporated to dryness under a gentle stream of nitrogen. The residue was reconstituted in 200 µL before being injected into the chromatographic system. The analysis was performed on a C18 column protected by an ODS guard column using acetonitrile,0.1% phosphoric acid (55:45, v/v) as mobile phase, and the wavelength of the UV detector was set at 210 nm. The calibration curve was linear over the range of 0.265,265.0 µg/mL with a correlation coefficient of 0.9997. The recovery for plasma samples of 0.530, 13.25, 132.5 and 265.0 µg/mL was 72.2, 87.9, 90.4 and 94.7%, respectively. The intra-day and inter-day relative standard deviations for the measurements of quality control samples were less than 3.1%. The stability of the plasma samples was also validated. This method was successfully used to study the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of CA in rats. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] | ||||||||||