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Caries Risk (caries + risk)
Terms modified by Caries Risk Selected AbstractsEffect of xylitol and xylitol,fluoride lozenges on approximal caries development in high-caries-risk childrenINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PAEDIATRIC DENTISTRY, Issue 3 2008CHRISTINA STECKSÉN-BLICKS Aim., To evaluate the effect of xylitol- and xylitol/fluoride-containing lozenges on approximal caries development in young adolescents with high caries risk. Study design., A 2-year double-blind trial with two parallel arms and a nonrandomized reference group. Material and methods., One hundred and sixty healthy 10- to 12-year-old children with high caries risk were selected. After informed consent, they were randomly assigned into a xylitol and a xylitol/fluoride group. They were instructed to take two tablets three times a day (total xylitol and fluoride dose 2.5 g and 1.5 mg, respectively). The compliance was checked continuously and scored as good, fair, or poor. A reference no-tablet group was also selected (n = 70) for group comparison. The outcome measure was approximal caries incidence. Results., The dropout rate was 28%, and 41% exhibited a good compliance with the study protocol. No statistically significant differences in caries incidence could be found between the study groups (P > 0.05). Among a subgroup of children who demonstrated good compliance, the mean ,DMFSa value was significantly lower in the xylitol/fluoride group compared to the xylitol group, 1.0 ± 2.3 vs. 3.3 ± 4.6 (P < 0.05), while no difference could be displayed between any of the study groups and the reference group (P > 0.05). Conclusion., The results from this 2-year trial did not support a self-administered regimen of xylitol- or xylitol/fluoride-containing lozenges for the prevention of approximal caries in young adolescents with high caries risk. [source] R2 The pattern of extraction of first permanent molars: results from three dental hospitalsINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PAEDIATRIC DENTISTRY, Issue 2006S. S. ALBADRI Objective:, To determine and compare the reasons and pattern of extraction of first permanent molars (FPM) in 3 UK dental hospitals. Design:, Data were collected prospectively from 300 children attending Manchester Dental Hospital (MDH), Liverpool Dental Hospital (LDH) and Charles Clifford Dental Hospital, Sheffield (CCDH) who required extractions of at least one FPM. Information recorded included age, FPM extracted, reason for extractions, previous treatment, method of extraction, and whether patients had previous extractions. Result:, The mean age in months was 129 (Std 22.7), 139 (Std 29.4), and 133 (Std 26.8) for MDH, LDH, CCDH respectively. 45% and 48% of children had four FPM extracted at MDH & CCDH, respectively, compared to 25% in LDH. The main reason for extraction (70%) was caries with poor prognosis, followed by caries and compensating extraction (14%). Molar Incisal Hypoplasia was the reason for extraction in 11% of cases. General anaesthesia was the main anaesthetic method used with 77%, 55%, and 47% in MDH, LDH and CCDH, respectively. Local anaesthesia was used in 43% of cases in LDH in comparison to 12% and 22% in MDH and CCDH, respectively. 68% of children had received no previous treatment to the FPM and only 5% had fissure sealants placed. 40% of children had previous extractions. Conclusion:, The children who are attending our hospitals for extractions of FPM tend to be older than the recommended age for achieving maximum space closure. This study highlights the need for extensive prevention programs targeted at those children with high caries risk. [source] Oral Health of Young Children in Mississippi Delta Child Care Centers: A Second Look at Early Childhood Caries Risk AssessmentJOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH DENTISTRY, Issue 4 2008Linda H. Southward PhD Abstract Objectives: To identify the predictors of early childhood caries and urgent dental treatment need among primarily African-American children in child care centers in the Delta region of Mississippi. The purpose of this study was to replicate predictors of caries and urgent dental treatment needs that were identified in an earlier study conducted in Delta child care centers and to assess additional caries risk factors not collected in the original study. Methods: Children in 19 child care centers were examined by the dentists, and the parents provided data on oral health practices, oral health history, and on children's oral health-related quality of life (QOL). The dentists also assessed visible plaque and tested levels of mutans streptococci. Predictors of caries and treatment need among children 24 to 71 months of age were examined using logistic regression. Results: Two parent predictors of caries identified in the earlier study (parent flossing and soft/sugary drink consumption) were not predictive in the current study. Parent history of abscess continued to predict their child's urgent need for treatment. Young children's level of salivary mutans streptococci, maxillary incisor visible plaque, and parents' reports of child oral health-related QOL measures predicted the presence of both caries and urgent treatment need. Some expected predictors, such as frequency of child's toothbrushing, were not predictive of caries. Conclusions: Parental abscess and parent's report of the child's oral health-related QOL are risk indicators for poor oral health outcomes that could be used by nondental personnel to identify young children in need of early preventive intervention and dental referral. [source] Validation of a Simple Approach to Caries Risk AssessmentJOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH DENTISTRY, Issue 2 2005James D. Bader DDS Abstract Objective: This study examined the predictive validity of a simple subjective method promoted to dentists for assessing their patients' caries risk. Methods: Data from two large group practices that have used guideline-assisted caries risk assessment (CRA) for several years were analyzed retrospectively to determine the receipt of caries-related treatment following a CRA. Patient age and receipt of caries preventive treatment subsequent to the CRA were control variables in logistic regressions to determine the likelihood of caries-related treatment for low, moderate, and high risk groups. Results: Among 45,693 individuals in the two plans, those categorized as being at high caries risk were approximately four times as likely to receive any caries-related treatment as those categorized as being at low caries risk. Those categorized as at moderate risk were approximately twice as likely to receive any treatment. In addition, for those at elevated risk who required any treatment, the number of teeth requiring treatment was larger. Conclusion: The results of this study provide the first large-scale, generalizable evidence for the validity of dentists' subjective assessment of caries risk. [source] Identifying Children with Dental Care Needs: Evaluation of a Targeted School-based Dental Screening ProgramJOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH DENTISTRY, Issue 2 2004David Locker BDS Abstract Objectives: It has been suggested that changes in the distribution of dental caries mean that targeting high-risk groups can maximize the cost effectiveness of dental health programs. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a targeted school-based dental screening program in terms of the proportion of children with dental care needs it identified. Methods: The target population was all children in junior and senior kindergarten and grades 2, 4, 6, and 8 who attended schools in four Ontario communities. The study was conducted in a random sample of 38 schools stratified according to caries risk. Universal screening was implemented in these schools. The parents of all children identified as having dental care needs were sent a short questionnaire to document the sociodemographic and family characteristics of these children. Children with needs were divided into two groups: those who would and who would not have been identified had the targeted program been implemented. The characteristics of the two groups were compared. Results: Overall, 21.0 percent of the target population were identified as needing dental care, with 7.4 percent needing urgent care. The targeted program would have identified 43.5 percent of those with dental care needs and 58.0 percent of those with urgent needs. There were substantial differences across the four communities in the proportions identified by the targeted program. Identification rates were lowest when the difference in prevalence of need between the high- and low-risk groups was small and where the low-risk group was large in relation to the high-risk group. The targeted program was more effective at identifying children from disadvantaged backgrounds. Of those with needs who lived in households receiving government income support, 59.0 percent of those with needs and 80.1 percent of those with urgent needs would be identified. Conclusions: The targeted program was most effective at identifying children with dental care needs from disadvantaged backgrounds. However, any improvements in cost effectiveness achieved by targeting must be balanced against inequities in access to public health care resources. [source] Associations between height, body mass, and frequency of decayed, extracted, and filled deciduous teeth among two cohorts of Taiwanese first gradersAMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY, Issue 1 2009B. Floyd Abstract In this study, heights, weights, and numbers of decayed, extracted, and filled (DEF) deciduous teeth of 300 first-graders from a less affluent area of Taipei were compared with those of 277 first-graders from a more affluent one. Parents of all children self-identified as having ancestors from Fujian. This study tested the hypothesis that synergisms between under-nutrition and disease form part of a causal pathway contributing to the risk of deciduous caries. Within the less affluent community significant inverse associations between height and body mass index, as proxies for nutritional status, and the frequency of DEF deciduous teeth were anticipated. These associations were not expected in the more affluent community where nutritional status was adequate. An alternative hypothesis, that parental behavior potentially correlated with parental education, occupational backgrounds, housing, or family size contributed independently to offspring nutritional status and caries risk, was evaluated with available data. Consistent with the primary hypothesis, regression analyses revealed significant negative slopes of height (P = 0.002) and log BMI (P = 0.036) on total DEF deciduous teeth in the less affluent group, but not in the more affluent one. Direct tests of slope coefficients in the two groups indicate a significant difference for height (P = 0.041) but not log BMI (P = 0.29). Inclusion of parental education, occupational categories, housing, and numbers of siblings in the regression model provided no support to the alternative hypothesis. Results suggest that improving nutritional status significantly lowers caries risk, though most variation is probably attributable to other factors. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Apgar score and dental caries risk in the primary dentition of five year oldsAUSTRALIAN DENTAL JOURNAL, Issue 3 2010AE Sanders Abstract Background:, Conditions in utero and early life underlie risk for several childhood disorders. This study tested the hypothesis that the Apgar score predicted dental caries in the primary dentition. Methods:, A retrospective cohort study conducted in 2003 examined associations between conditions at birth and early life with dental caries experience at five years. Dental examination data for a random sample of five-year-old South Australian children were obtained from School Dental Service electronic records. A questionnaire mailed to the parents obtained information about neonatal status at delivery (five-minute Apgar score, birthweight, plurality, gestational age) and details about birth order, weaning, and behavioural, familial and sociodemographic characteristics. Results:, Of the 1398 sampled children with a completed questionnaire (response rate = 64.6%), 1058 were singleton term deliveries among whom prevalence of dental caries was 40.1%. In weighted log-binomial regression analysis, children with an Apgar score of <=8 relative to a score of 9,10 had greater probability of dental caries in the primary dentition after adjusting for sociodemographic and behavioural covariates and water fluoridation concentration (adjusted PR = 1.47, 95% CI = 1.11, 1.95). Conclusions:, Readily accessible markers of early life, such as the Apgar score, may guide clinicians in identifying children at potentially heightened risk for dental caries and aid decision-making in allocating preventive services. [source] Factors influencing oral colonization of mutans streptococci in young childrenAUSTRALIAN DENTAL JOURNAL, Issue 2 2007V. Law Abstract This paper aims to critically review current knowledge about the key factors involved in oral colonization of the cariogenic group of bacteria, mutans streptococci (MS) in young children. MS, consisting mainly of the species Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus, are commonly cultured from the mouths of infants, with prevalence of infection ranging from around 30 per cent in 3 month old predentate children to over 80 per cent in 24 month old children with primary teeth. MS is usually transmitted to children through their mothers, and the risk of transmission increases with high maternal salivary levels of MS and frequent inoculation. Factors that affect the colonization of MS may be divided into bacterial virulence, host-related and environmental factors. Complex interaction among these factors determine the success and timing of MS colonization in the child. As clinical studies have shown that caries risk is correlated with age at which initial MS colonization occurred, strategies for the prevention of dental caries should include timely control of colonization of the cariogenic bacteria in the mouths of young children. [source] Is there a relationship between Birthweight and subsequent growth on the development of Dental Caries at 5 years of age?COMMUNITY DENTISTRY AND ORAL EPIDEMIOLOGY, Issue 5 2010A cohort study Kay EJ, Northstone K, Ness A, Duncan K, Crean SJ. Is there a relationship between Birthweight and subsequent growth on the development of Dental Caries at 5 years of age? A cohort study. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2010; 38: 408,414. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S Abstract,,, Objectives:, To examine the associations between childhood growth and the presence of dental caries at age 5. Methods:, Data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) a population-based, prospective cohort study were used. We enrolled 14 541 pregnancies, and a 10% sample of these were dentally examined and measured at 61 months of age. Birthweight was obtained from medical records, and birth length and birthweight were assessed by trained ALSPAC measurers. A number of social and lifestyle factors were treated as potential confounding factors. Results:, Of 985, children, 242 (24.6%) had caries at 61 months of age. After adjustment, increased weight at birth was associated with a small increased risk of caries at 61 months (OR: 1.08 (95% CI: 1.03, 1.13) per 100 g increase, P = 0.002). A similar association was noted with respect to increased length at birth. Current weight and height did not appear to be associated with caries risk. Children who had caries at 61 months had slower increases in weight and height between birth and 61 months than those without decay at 61 months. Conclusions:, The weak associations we have demonstrated between weight and length at birth and risk of caries at age 61 months cannot be considered causal, however, the relationship between the two variables warrants further investigation. [source] Relationship between area deprivation and the anticaries benefit of an oral health programme providing free fluoride toothpaste to young childrenCOMMUNITY DENTISTRY AND ORAL EPIDEMIOLOGY, Issue 3 2004R. P. Ellwood Abstract , Objective:,To determine the effectiveness of providing free toothpaste containing either 1450 or 440 ppm F on caries experience in 5-year-old children living in areas with different levels of material deprivation. Design:, Five-year, examiner-blind, randomized, controlled, parallel-group, clinical trial. Children were randomly assigned to three groups. Setting:, Health Districts in the north-west of England with high levels of dental caries. Clinical examinations were performed in schools during the period October 1999 to April 2000 when the children were 5,6 years old. Participants:, Children from 3-month birth cohorts resident in nine, nonfluoridated health districts. Interventions:, Toothpaste containing either 440 or 1450 ppm F and dental health literature posted at 3-month intervals and toothbrush provided annually from the age of 1,5 years. Comparison group received no intervention. Main outcome measures:, Mean dmft and proportion of participants with dmft > 0, dmft , 4, upper primary incisor caries and extraction of one or more primary teeth. Outcomes tabulated for quartiles of participants based on the distribution of the Townsend index of material deprivation. Results:, A total of 3467 children were included in the final data analysis. The Townsend index was found to be useful in identifying groups of children with increased caries risk. Overall, participants in the programme using the high-fluoride toothpaste had significantly (P < 0.002) less caries than the comparison group with similar absolute reductions in mean dmft for the most- and least-deprived groups. Relative to the comparison group the association between deprivation and dental caries was changed so that in the most-deprived quartile those using the low-fluoride toothpaste tended to have less dental caries than the comparison group whereas in the least deprived they tended to have more. This difference in the association (slope) was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Provision of both low- and high-fluoride toothpaste appeared to reduce the risk of extractions for participants in the most-deprived quartile (P < 0.05). Conclusion:, The relative benefits of the programmes supplying the two toothpastes considered in this study are different depending on the deprivation status of the participants. For the most-deprived groups postal provision of either a low- or high-fluoride toothpaste provides similar levels of benefit. In the less deprived groups only provision of the high-fluoride toothpaste provided a benefit. The absolute caries reduction seen for provision of the high-fluoride toothpaste was not related to the deprivation status and hence the programme did not reduce deprivation-related health inequalities. Targeting the programme using the methods employed in this study is unlikely to improve the effectiveness of the programme. [source] | ||||||||||