Capitalism

Distribution by Scientific Domains
Distribution within Humanities and Social Sciences

Kinds of Capitalism

  • agrarian capitalism
  • contemporary capitalism
  • crony capitalism
  • global capitalism
  • late capitalism
  • market capitalism
  • neoliberal capitalism
  • of capitalism
  • welfare capitalism


  • Selected Abstracts


    MODERN SOVEREIGNTY IN QUESTION: THEOLOGY, DEMOCRACY AND CAPITALISM

    MODERN THEOLOGY, Issue 4 2010
    ADRIAN PABST
    This essay argues that modern sovereignty is not simply a legal or political concept that is coterminous with the modern nation-state. Rather, at the theoretical level modern sovereign power is inscribed into a wider theological dialectic between "the one" and "the many". Modernity fuses juridical-constitutional models of supreme state authority with a new, "biopolitical" account of power whereby natural life and the living body of the individual are the object of politics and are subject to state control (section 1). The origins of this dialectic go back to changes within Christian theology in the late Middle Ages and the early modern period. In particular, these changes can be traced to Ockham's denial of the universal Good in things, Suárez's priority of the political community over the ecclesial body and Hobbes's "biopolitical" definition of power as state dominion over life (section 2). At the practical level, modern sovereignty has involved both the national state and the transnational market. The "revolutions in sovereignty" that gave rise to the modern state and the modern market were to some considerable extent shaped by theological concepts and changes in religious institutions and practices: first, the supremacy of the modern national state over the transnational papacy and national churches; second, the increasing priority of individuality over collectivity; third, a growing focus on contractual proprietary relations at the expense of covenantal ties and communal bonds (section 3). By subjecting both people and property to uniform standards of formal natural rights and abstract monetary value, financial capitalism and liberal secular democracy are part of the "biopolitical" logic that subordinates the sanctity of life and land to the secular sacrality of the state and the market. In Pope Benedict's theology, we can find the contours of a post-secular political economy that challenges the monopoly of modern sovereignty (sections 4,5). [source]


    THE ENCHANTMENTS OF MAMMON: NOTES TOWARD A THEOLOGICAL HISTORY OF CAPITALISM

    MODERN THEOLOGY, Issue 3 2005
    EUGENE McCARRAHER
    Tales of "disenchantment" dominate modern intellectual life, and especially accounts of the cultural history of capitalism. Yet Weberian sociology, and especially Marxist notions of "commodity fetishism", point to the persistence of "enchantment" in the capitalist imagination. If we reformulate these notions of "enchantment" and "disenchantment" in theological terms of sacrament, then we can write new histories of capitalism, as well as articulate new forms of political and cultural criticism. Borrowing from "radical orthodoxy", the author takes a Cook's Tour of "disenchantment", explores the possibilities afforded by "sacramental" conceptions of materialism, and gestures toward an account of American cultural history shaped by a sacramental materialism. [source]


    Capitalism Reorganized: Social Justice after Neo-liberalism

    CONSTELLATIONS: AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CRITICAL AND DEMOCRATIC THEORY, Issue 3 2010
    Albena Azmanova
    First page of article [source]


    Universal Owners: challenges and opportunities

    CORPORATE GOVERNANCE, Issue 3 2007
    James Hawley
    This special issue of Corporate Governance is devoted to the concept of "universal ownership" (UO) and grows out of a conference of universal owners, institutional investors, investment professionals and academics held in April 2006 at Saint Mary's College of California, under the sponsorship of the Center for the Study of Fiduciary Capitalism (A report of the conference is available at http://www.fidcap.org). Four of the seven articles in this issue are based on papers presented at the conference, while an additional three (by Lydenberg, Syse and Gjessing, and Lippman et al.) were written specifically for this issue. The conference purposefully developed a practitioners' perspective on universal ownership and these articles reflect this orientation, although each article in its own way breaks new ground which academics, policy researchers and practitioners can and should develop. [source]


    Economy of Dreams: Hope in Global Capitalism and Its Critiques

    CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY, Issue 2 2006
    Hirokazu Miyazaki
    In this article, I respond to Vincent Crapanzano's recent call for attention to the category of hope as a term of social analysis by bringing it into view as a new terrain of commonality and difference across different forms of knowledge. I consider the efforts of participants active in the capitalist market to reorient their knowledge in response to neoliberal reforms side by side with the efforts of academic critics of capitalism to reorient their critique. These efforts to reorient knowledge as a shared method of hope bring to light contrasting views on where such a reorientation might lead. [source]


    Commodities and Sexual Subjectivities: A Look at Capitalism and Its Desires

    CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY, Issue 1 2004
    Debra Curtis
    ABSTRACT The links between the production of sexual subjectivity and commodity consumption exemplify how capitalism thrives through the production of plurality and difference. Tupperware-style sex-toy parties organized by and for women provide the ethnographic ground for exploring the question of how sex toys marketed in this venue incite consumer desires and reshape sexual practices. Using an interpretative approach to understanding the effects of the home-based parties as well as in-depth interviews with participants, this article demonstrates how marketing practices encourage the proliferation of multiple sexualities. [source]


    Capitalism and Climate Change: Can the Invisible Hand Adjust the Natural Thermostat?

    DEVELOPMENT AND CHANGE, Issue 6 2009
    Servaas Storm
    Some say the world will end in fire, Some say in ice. From what I've tasted of desire I hold with those who favor fire. But if it had to perish twice, I think I know enough of hate To say that for destruction ice Is also great And would suffice. (Robert Frost, ,Fire and Ice', New Hampshire,1923) ABSTRACT Can climate change be stopped while fossil fuel capitalism remains the dominant system? What has to be done and what has to change to avoid the worst-case consequences of global warming? These questions are debated in the six contributions which follow. This introduction to the debate sets the stage and puts the often widely diverging views in context, distinguishing two axes of debate. The first axis (,market vs. regulation') measures faith in the invisible hand to adjust the natural thermostat. The second axis expresses differences in views on the efficiency and equity implications of climate action. While the contributions do differ along these axes, most authors agree that capitalism's institutions need to be drastically reformed and made fundamentally more equitable. This means a much broader agenda for the climate movement (going beyond carbon trading and technocratic discussion of mitigation options). What is needed for climate stability is a systemic transformation based on growth scepticism, a planned transition to a non-fossil fuel economy, democratic reform, climate justice, and changed global knowledge and corporate and financial power structures. [source]


    Organizing America: Wealth, Power, and the Origins of Corporate Capitalism

    ECONOMICA, Issue 287 2005
    Ron Harris
    No abstract is available for this article. [source]


    Developing new measures of welfare state change and reform

    EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF POLITICAL RESEARCH, Issue 5 2002
    Francis G. Castles
    Since the publication of Gřsta Esping,Andersen's The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism (Esping,Andersen 1990), which built its typologies on a rich database of detailed programme characteristics, it has been generally accepted that measures of social expenditure are an inferior, and even a misleading, source of information concerning the character of welfare state development. The problem is, however, that the kinds of detailed programme data Esping,Andersen used are not routinely available, while the quality of social expenditure data has been improving rapidly, culminating in the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development's (OECD) now regularly updated and highly disaggregated Social Expenditure Database (SOCX). This article explores the possibility of using SOCX to devise measures of the extent, structure and trajectory of welfare state change and reform in 21 OECD countries over the period 1984 to 1997. On the basis of these measures, it suggests that there has been almost no sign of systematic welfare retrenchment in recent years and only limited evidence of major structural transformation or programmatic reorientation. [source]


    Domestic Crony Capitalism and International Fickle Capital: Is There a Connection?

    INTERNATIONAL FINANCE, Issue 1 2001
    Shang-Jin WeiArticle first published online: 16 DEC 200
    Domestic crony capitalism and fickle international capital flows are often suggested as two rival explanations for currency crises. This article examines a possible linkage between the two that has not been explored much in the literature: domestic crony capitalism may make a country more dependent on the more fickle type of international capital flows (e.g. international bank loans) rather than the less volatile type (e.g. foreign direct investment). It presents statistical evidence that the degree of domestic crony capitalism is indeed associated with a higher external loan-to-FDI ratio. Such a composition of capital flows has been identified as being associated with a higher incidence of a currency crisis. Therefore, even though crony capitalism does not forecast the exact timing of a crisis, it can nevertheless increase its likelihood. [source]


    The Post-Corporate World: Life After Capitalism

    INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CONSUMER STUDIES, Issue 2 2002
    Shannon McPhee
    No abstract is available for this article. [source]


    Spaces of Work: Global Capitalism and Geographies of Labour , By Noel Castree, Neil Coe, Kevin Ward and Michael Samer

    INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF URBAN AND REGIONAL RESEARCH, Issue 3 2009
    Tod D. RutherfordArticle first published online: 6 OCT 200
    No abstract is available for this article. [source]


    Differentiation of the Peasantry Under Feudalism and the Transition to Capitalism: In Defence of Rodney Hilton

    JOURNAL OF AGRARIAN CHANGE, Issue 1 2006
    TERENCE J. BYRES
    The focus of the essay is one specific theme pursued by Rodney Hilton: that of differentiation of the English feudal peasantry and the implications this had for the development of capitalism in England. His contribution on this, along with those of E. A. Kosminsky and of Maurice Dobb, are considered and are contrasted with the view of Robert Brenner. For Brenner peasant differentiation has no causal importance: it is an outcome of transformation and not a driving force in its securing. For Hilton, it is central to transformation: it is not an outcome but a determining variable, a causa causans rather than a causa causata. The Brenner position, it is argued, is incomplete in its ignoring of peasant differentiation in feudal England. It was one of Hilton's accomplishments to explore this in scholarly detail, and with analytical precision. It is suggested that if this is abstracted from an adequate examination of the transition to capitalism in England cannot proceed. [source]


    The Question of Market Dependence

    JOURNAL OF AGRARIAN CHANGE, Issue 1 2002
    Ellen Meiksins Wood
    Capitalism is a system of social-property relations in which survival and social reproduction are dependent on the market; a system that is, therefore, driven by the imperatives of competition and a relentless drive to improve the forces of production. This article explores the nature of that market dependence and the specific historical conditions in which it emerged. In debate with Robert Brenner's recent article in this journal (vol.1, no.2) about the early development of capitalism in the Low Countries, it is suggested that, while the Dutch Republic was a highly developed commercial society, it seems to have lacked the specific conditions that made market dependence a basic property relation, as it was in early modern English agrarian capitalism. The differences between Dutch and English patterns of economic development reflect some fundamental differences between commercial and capitalist societies. [source]


    The Metamorphoses of Agrarian Capitalism

    JOURNAL OF AGRARIAN CHANGE, Issue 1 2002
    Jairus Banaji
    Book reviewed in this article: Daniel Thorner (ed.), Ecological and Agrarian Regions of South Asia circa 1930 Daniel Thorner's agrarian atlas of India, fully prepared for the press by 1965, was belatedly published two decades later thanks to the untiring efforts of Alice Thorner. The heart of the atlas consists of a series of descriptions written by the historian Chen Han-seng to illustrate his division of the subcontinent into 21 agrarian regions. The review begins by describing Chen's regionalization and conveying some sense of the quality of his descriptions of individual regions. It then raises analytical issues related to Chen's understanding of agrarian capitalism and his reluctance to characterize developments in the late colonial countryside in terms of the growth of capitalism. The conclusion contrasts two conceptions of agrarian capitalism, rejecting the idea of a historical prototype. [source]


    Capitalism, Unfree Labor and Colonial Doxa: The Master and Servant Act from Britain to Hong Kong, 1823,1932

    JOURNAL OF HISTORICAL SOCIOLOGY, Issue 2 2010
    WAI KIT CHOI
    The Master and Servant Act was a law that allowed the use of penal sanction against workers for breach of contract in nineteenth century Britain. For scholars who believe that wage laborers under capitalism are free from "extra-economic" coercion, this law was an anomaly. One explanation suggests technological backwardness during the early stages of capitalism as the cause. In this paper I will challenge this account and offer an alternative explanation. As the British Empire expanded, the same law was enacted in many British colonies. If it was the process of capitalist production that rendered the Master and Servant Act necessary, this explanation should also apply to the British colonies. By focusing on Hong Kong, I show that this was not the case. Instead, I show that the use of judiciary coercion could be explained by Bourdieu's notions of doxa, habitus and field. [source]


    The Dynamics of Capitalism in the Irish Linen Industry: A "Space-Time Structuration" Analysis1

    JOURNAL OF HISTORICAL SOCIOLOGY, Issue 4 2003
    Marilyn Cohen
    [source]


    Corporate Capitalism and the Common Good: A Framework for Addressing the Challenges of a Global Economy

    JOURNAL OF RELIGIOUS ETHICS, Issue 1 2002
    Thomas W. Ogletree
    This article ventures a framework for assessing the contributions capitalism might make to the common good. Capitalism has manifest strengths,efficiency, growth, support for human freedoms, encouragement for collaboration among nations that are not natural allies. Processes that generate these goods have negative consequences as well,the exploitation of labor, environmental harm, the marginalization of the "least advantaged," the reduction of politics to strategies for advancing special interests. To constrain the negative consequences, public oversight is necessary. The challenge is to devise policies that will limit the harms while protecting conditions that enable free markets to flourish. The paper concludes with an illustrative sketch of policy proposals that exemplify this goal. [source]


    From the lonely crowd to the cultural contradictions of capitalism and beyond: The shifting ground of liberal narratives

    JOURNAL OF THE HISTORY OF THE BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES, Issue 1 2004
    Joseph Galbo
    This paper investigates how key social issues related to American culture, social character, and politics are addressed in the work of two of America's leading liberal sociologists, David Riesman and Daniel Bell. It maps out the trajectory of Riesman's and Bell's early contributions to a critique of mass society in post-war America, as well as Bell's later formulation of "liberalism in crisis" and his assessment of culture in The Cultural Contradictions of Capitalism. This analysis pays particular attention to the intellectual, biographical, and social settings that helped to shape the often conflicting ideas of each thinker, and examines the discursive shifts within liberal thinking as it attempted to explain and deal with perceived new social crises from the 1950s to the present. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [source]


    Prosperity, Depression and Modern Capitalism

    KYKLOS INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF SOCIAL SCIENCES, Issue 3 2006
    Keith Cowling
    SUMMARY Prominent figures in our profession have quite recently offered clear cut views on the present distribution of prosperity and depression among the advanced industrial countries, see for example, Lucas (2003), Prescott (2002): prosperity is identified with the United States, depression with Western Europe, and they relate this to the lower burden of taxation in the United States. The gap in the chosen level of performance (output per capita) is very large, about 30%, and the remedy is clear: cut taxes in Europe. But Europe is different from America: for deep historical, cultural reasons, but partly because the pressures to consume are different. There can be no easy inference about relative prosperity: the market investment of modern capitalism can drive people towards longer hours of work and away from their underlying (meta) preferences. [source]


    Debt Failure and the Development of American Capitalism: Bruce Mann's Pro-Debtor Republic

    LAW & SOCIAL INQUIRY, Issue 4 2005
    Tony A. Freyer
    First page of article [source]


    Confucian Capitalism and the Paradox of Closure and Structural Holes in East Asian Firms

    MANAGEMENT AND ORGANIZATION REVIEW, Issue 1 2010
    Sun-Ki Chai
    abstract A long-standing debate has taken place in the organizational sociology and social network literatures about the relative advantages of network closure versus structural holes in the generation of social capital. There is recent evidence that these advantages differ across cultures and between East Asia and the West in particular, but existing network models are unable to explain why or address cultural variation in general. This paper seeks to provide a solution by integrating a culture-embedded rational model of action into the social network model of structure, using this not only to re-examine the closure versus structural hole debate, but also to tie it to the literature on Confucian capitalism and the ,East Asian Model' of the firm. We argue that this integrated approach allows us to systematically analyse the relationship between culture and behaviour in networks and, more specifically, to explain why closure has been a more powerful source of productivity in East Asia than the West. [source]


    STEINDL ON IMPERFECT COMPETITION: THE ROLE OF TECHNICAL CHANGE

    METROECONOMICA, Issue 3 2006
    Article first published online: 24 JUL 200, Harry Bloch
    ABSTRACT Josef Steindl offers an innovative dynamic analysis of competition in Maturity and Stagnation in American Capitalism, with a key role for technical change. However, in his later writings he suggests that he had not gone far enough and that his account was not ,sufficiently dynamic', noting particularly his neglect of fundamental issues in technological development. Here, we critically examine the nature of technical change in Steindl's analysis, pointing to ambiguities and contradictions that arise. Standard characterizations of the nature of technical change are then introduced and used to further integrate technical change into Steindl's analysis of competition. [source]


    The End of Work: Theological Critiques of Capitalism , By John Hughes

    MODERN THEOLOGY, Issue 3 2009
    Kelly Johnson
    No abstract is available for this article. [source]


    Sacrifice and Suffering: Beyond Justice, Human Rights, and Capitalism

    MODERN THEOLOGY, Issue 3 2002
    Daniel M. Bell
    This essay recovers the redemptive significance of "sacrifice" as the form of Christian resistance to global capitalism. The argument unfolds by way of a comparison of sacrifice, as presented by Anselm, with one of the most compelling contemporary theological accounts of justice and human rights,that of the Latin American liberationists. After showing how the liberationists' vision is implicated in the capitalist order, I argue that Anselm's account of sacrifice displays the advent of the aneconomic order of divine charity and that it is only the recovery of life in this aneconomic mode of donation and gift that can deliver us from capitalism. [source]


    Capitalism and Modernity: The Great Debate

    AMERICAN ANTHROPOLOGIST, Issue 3 2005
    YVAN D. BRETON
    No abstract is available for this article. [source]


    Late Capitalism, Late Marxism and the Study of Music

    MUSIC ANALYSIS, Issue 3 2001
    Henry Klumpenhouwer
    [source]


    An Experiment in (Toxic) Indian Capitalism?: The Skull Valley Goshutes, New Capitalism, and Nuclear Waste

    POLAR: POLITICAL AND LEGAL ANTHROPOLOGY REVIEW, Issue 2 2001
    Randel D. Hanson
    First page of article [source]


    Structural Power and Public Policy: A Signaling Model of Business Lobbying in Democratic Capitalism

    POLITICAL STUDIES, Issue 1 2005
    Patrick Bernhagen
    This paper develops a signaling model of corporate lobbying in democratic capitalist societies to analyze the conditions that lead to a powerful political position of business. Proceeding from the traditional dichotomy of structural economic determinants versus business' political action, our model predicts the conditions under which elected political decisionmakers modify their policy pledges to accommodate business' political preferences, or override business' lobbying messages and honor their pledges. Our results show that the structural power of business over public policy is contingent on two variables: the size of reputation costs of business in relation to its material costs of lobbying; and the ratio of the policymaker's reputation constraints from policy commitments and campaign pledges to the electoral costs arising from adverse effects of policy. We evaluate our model using case studies of business lobbying on environmental and financial services regulation in Britain and Germany. [source]


    Productivist Welfare Capitalism: Social Policy in East Asia

    POLITICAL STUDIES, Issue 4 2000
    Ian Holliday
    The article engages with the literature on the ,East Asian welfare model' by using Esping-Andersen's ,worlds of welfare capitalism' approach to analyze social policy in the region. It describes the main features of a productivist world of welfare capitalism that stands alongside Esping-Andersen's conservative, liberal and social democratic worlds. It then shows that Japan, Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea and Taiwan are all part of this world, though they divide into sub-groups within it. To account for productivist welfare capitalism in East Asia, the article focuses particularly on bureaucratic politics at the unit level, and on a range of key shaping factors at the system level. It closes by considering the implications of East Asian experience for comparative social policy analysis. [source]