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Cancer Stage (cancer + stage)
Terms modified by Cancer Stage Selected AbstractsRole of cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase in pancreatic cancerJOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY, Issue 8 2002Gu Kong Abstract Background and Aim: Recently, it has been recognized that both cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) produce important endogenous factors of human tumor progression. However, the clinicopathological and biological significance of the expression of COX-2 and iNOS in pancreatic cancer remains unclear. The objective of this study is to find the possible roles and clinical significance of COX-2 and iNOS expression in pancreatic cancer. Methods: Seventy-two pancreatic adenocarcinoma tissue specimens were obtained through surgical resection. We investigated the immunohistochemical expression of COX-2 and iNOS in respect to variable clinicopathological characteristics, proliferation activity (by Ki-67 expression), apoptosis (by terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling stain), and microvessel density (by CD34 expression; angiogenesis). Results: Immunohistochemical investigations demonstrated immunolabeling of tumor cells with the primary antibodies, bovine anti-iNOS and anti-COX-2 antibodies. The COX-2 and iNOS positive rates were 41.7 and 66.7%, respectively. There was significant correlation between positive COX-2 and positive iNOS expression (P = 0.043). The proliferation index (Ki-67 labeling index) was higher in COX-2 positive specimens compared to COX-2 negative specimen (P = 0.015). The apoptotic index of positive iNOS expressions was significantly higher than negative expressions (P < 0.001). The expression of COX-2 and iNOS proteins did not correlate with age, sex, serum bilirubin, CA-19,9, location, size, American Joint Committee on Cancer stage, differentiation, distant metastasis, patient survival, or microvessel density. Conclusions: Although the pattern of positive expression was similar in both enzymes, the effect on tumor progression differed; iNOS expression may play a role in apoptosis of tumor cell, while COX-2 expression may contribute to tumor proliferation. However, COX-2 and iNOS expression is not related to prognosis in patients with pancreatic cancer. © 2002 Blackwell Publishing Asia Pty Ltd [source] Prognostic factors in the nonsurgical treatment of esophageal carcinoma with radiotherapy or radiochemotherapyCANCER, Issue 8 2005The importance of pretreatment hemoglobin levels Abstract BACKGROUND The current study was performed to evaluate prognostic factors for overall survival (OS), distant metastasis (DM), and local failure (LF) in patients with Stage II/III esophageal carcinoma. METHODS The following potential prognostic factors were retrospectively investigated in 124 patients treated with radiotherapy (RT) alone or with radiochemotherapy: age, gender, performance status, tumor location, tumor length, histology, histologic grade, T classification, N classification, International Union Against Cancer stage, chemotherapy, RT dose, and pre-RT hemoglobin level. RESULTS Using univariate analysis (Kaplan,Meier method), pre-RT hemoglobin level, RT dose, tumor length, chemotherapy, and performance status were significantly associated with OS. Hemoglobin levels of 12.1,14.0 g/dL were associated with the best OS, followed by , 14.1 g/dL and , 12.0 g/dL. DM was significantly influenced by tumor length, RT dose, N classification, and performance status. LF was significantly influenced by pre-RT hemoglobin level, RT dose, and tumor length. Using multivariate analysis (Cox proportional hazard model), pre-RT hemoglobin maintained significance for OS (P < 0.001) and LF (P < 0.001), RT dose for OS (P = 0.001), DM (P = 0.031), and LF (P < 0.001), tumor length for OS (P = 0.003), DM (P = 0.017), and LF (P = 0.033), and chemotherapy for OS (P = 0.027). N classification was of borderline significance for DM (P = 0.054). Performance status lost significance for OS (P = 0.73) and LF (P = 0.22). CONCLUSIONS The strongest predictors for outcome in Stage II/III esophageal carcinoma were RT dose, tumor length, pre-RT hemoglobin level, and chemotherapy. The pre-RT hemoglobin level was an independent prognostic factor significantly associated with OS and LF. A hemoglobin level of 12.1,14 g/dL resulted in a better prognosis than hemoglobin levels , 14 g/dL and , 12 g/dL. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society. [source] An investigation of the relationship between blood type and prostate cancer stage, grade and prognosisFOCUS ON ALTERNATIVE AND COMPLEMENTARY THERAPIES AN EVIDENCE-BASED APPROACH, Issue 1 2002DL Ramsum [source] Highly sensitive detection of the MGB1 transcript (mammaglobin) in the peripheral blood of breast cancer patientsINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER, Issue 4 2004Nuno Cerveira Abstract We describe a new one-step RT-PCR assay for the detection of the mammaglobin (MGB1) gene transcript in the peripheral blood of breast cancer patients. With this approach, the MGB1 transcript could be detected in the peripheral blood of 22 of 54 (41%) breast cancer patients prior to any therapy. This method, using specific primers for cDNA synthesis, proved to be more sensitive (10,6 to 10,11, usually 10,7) than previously reported methodologies. This increased sensitivity was achieved without compromising specificity, as the MGB1 transcript was not detected in 38 blood samples of healthy donors and in only 1 of 18 blood samples of patients presenting with hematologic malignancies. A positive correlation was seen between MGB1 positivity and breast cancer stage: 0/3 (0%) in stage 0, 3/13 (23%) in stage I, 6/17 (35%) in stage II, 5/10 (50%) in stage III, 8/11 (73%) in stage IV (p = 0.003). The prognostic and therapeutic implications of MGB1 positivity by one-step RT-PCR in the peripheral blood of breast cancer patients, especially in clinically localized disease (stages I and II), should be evaluated after long-term clinical follow-up of these patients. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Nuclear matrix proteins as biomarkers in prostate cancerJOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY, Issue 2 2002Eddy S. Leman Abstract The nuclear matrix (NM) is the structural framework of the nucleus that consists of the peripheral lamins and pore complexes, an internal ribonucleic protein network, and residual nucleoli. The NM contains proteins that contribute to the preservation of nuclear shape and its organization. These protein components better known as the NM proteins have been demonstrated to be tissue specific, and are altered in many cancers, including prostate cancer. Alterations in nuclear morphology are hallmarks of cancer and are believed to be associated with changes in NM protein composition. Prostate cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in American men and many investigators have identified unique NM proteins that appear to be specific for this disease. These NM protein changes are associated with the development of prostate cancer, as well as in some cases being indicative of cancer stage. Identification of these NM proteins specific for prostate cancer provides an insight to understanding the molecular changes associated with this disease. This article reviews the role of NM proteins as tumor biomarkers in prostate cancer and the potential application of these proteins as therapeutic targets in the treatment of this disease. J. Cell. Biochem. 86: 213,223, 2002. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Evaluation of survivin as a prognostic marker in oral squamous cell carcinomaJOURNAL OF ORAL PATHOLOGY & MEDICINE, Issue 5 2010Yong-Hun Kim J Oral Pathol Med (2010) 39: 368,375 Background:, Poor prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is partly attributed to the lack of significant tumor marker for accurate staging and prognostication. We have evaluated survivin, which is a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis family as a cancer marker associated with proliferation, angiogenesis, oral carcinogenesis, and OSCC patient survival, as we reported a prognostic significance of survivin expression in lymph node previously. Methods:, To evaluate survivin expression in six OSCC cell lines, Western blotting was performed. Hamster oral carcinogenesis model was used to observe changes of survivin expression in oral carcinogenesis. Finally, we assessed the diagnostic and prognostic significance of survivin in a series of 38 primary OSCC through immunohistochemistry (CD31, PCNA) and Kaplan,Meier's test. Results:, Survivin expression was detected in all OSCC cell lines at a varying level but not observed in normal gingival keratinocyte cells. In hamster model, survivin expression was observed from 8 weeks through 16 weeks and the intensity of expression became strong until 16 weeks. Clinicopathological analysis revealed a significant correlation between survivin expression and lymph node metastasis (P = 0.006) and proliferation (P < 0.001). However, there was no significant relationship with differentiation, micro vessel density, and cancer stage based on TNM. Survivin overexpression had a significant negative effect on survival of patients. Conclusions:, These results demonstrate the significant relationship between survivin expression and oral carcinogenesis and aggressiveness of OSCC including survival rate of patient. Survivin therefore may be used as a significant cancer marker to gain prognostic information of OSCC. [source] The expression of NMDA receptor 1 is associated with clinicopathological parameters and prognosis in the oral squamous cell carcinomaJOURNAL OF ORAL PATHOLOGY & MEDICINE, Issue 9 2004S.-W. Choi Background:, Glutamate activates the N -methyl- d -aspartate (NMDA) receptors and this receptor is involved in the proliferation and migration of various tumour cells in vitro. However, the relationship between NMDA receptor expression and clinical parameters in cancer patients is unclear. Therefore, NMDA receptor 1 (NMDAR1) expression along with its clinical significance was examined in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Methods:, Eighty-one tumour specimens from OSCC patients were used to determine the NMDAR1 expression level by immunohistochemical staining. The control was obtained from a matched normal adjacent mucosa. The cases were considered to be positive if reactivity was displayed in >25% of the cells. Results:, The NMDAR1 reactivity was positive in 50 of 81 cases, while it was negative in the control. NMDAR1 expression was significantly associated with a lymph node metastasis (P = 0.008), the tumour size (P < 0.001), and the cancer stage (P = 0.034). The patients whose tumours expressed NMDAR1 had a significantly poorer survival than the patients who were NMDAR1-negative (log-rank = 6.45, d.f. = 1, P = 0.011). Conclusions:, The NMDAR1 overexpression was significantly associated with the prognosis-related factors. Therefore, it might be one of the prognostic markers of OSCC. [source] The effect of spleen-preserving lymphadenectomy on surgical outcomes of locally advanced proximal gastric cancerJOURNAL OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY, Issue 5 2009Sung Jin Oh MD Abstract Background The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of D2 lymphadenectomy with spleen preservation on surgical outcomes in locally advanced proximal gastric cancer. Methods Between January 2000 and December 2004, a total of 366 patients who underwent curative total gastrectomy were studied retrospectively from a prospectively designed database. Results The spleen-preservation group experienced shorter operation times, a lower incidence of perioperative transfusion, and shorter postoperative hospital stays. Perioperative transfusion and splenectomy were independent risk factors for morbidity. There was no significant difference between the two groups in recurrence or cumulative survival rate when adjusted according to cancer stage. Multivariate analysis showed that tumor size, serosal invasion, and nodal metastasis were independent prognostic factors, while splenectomy was not. The cumulative survival rate in pN0-status patients was significantly higher in the spleen-preservation group, while there was no significant difference in the survival of pN1- or pN2-status patients between the two groups. Conclusions Splenectomy for lymph node dissection in proximal gastric cancer patients obviously showed poor short-surgical outcomes, but it did not affect long-term outcomes in terms of recurrence and overall survival rate. Therefore, spleen-preserving lymphadenectomy is a feasible method for radical surgery in locally advanced proximal gastric cancer. J. Surg. Oncol. 2009;99:275,280. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Factors disturbing treatment for cancer in patients with schizophreniaPSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCES, Issue 3 2006TAKUJI INAGAKI md Abstract Patients with schizophrenia who develop cancer often have a variety of complicated medical and psychiatric problems. Problems associated with receiving a diagnosis of cancer and with understanding or cooperating with medical treatment may develop. Research in managing and treating schizophrenia patients with cancer is scarce. Presented herein is the experience of the authors' consultation,liaison psychiatry service in treating patients with schizophrenia who have cancer, and discussion of the medical management of such cases. Fourteen patients were treated between April 1999 and March 2003 and included patients receiving consultation psychiatric services at Shimane University Hospital as well as patients referred from other psychiatric hospitals. These patients were divided into two groups based on whether they were amenable to cancer treatment or not. The treated group consisted of patients who accepted cancer treatment, and the untreated group consisted of patients who refused or interrupted the cancer treatment. The clinical course, clinical psychiatric symptoms, problems in understanding cancer, cancer treatment course and convalescence were retrospectively assessed. Psychiatric symptoms and state were measured using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). The mean of the duration of schizophrenia in these two groups was not significantly different. The mean scores on measures of psychiatric symptoms in each group (treated and untreated) were as follows: BPRS, 45.3 ± 15.4 and 64.9 ± 9.2 (P < 0.05); positive symptoms scores on PANSS, 14.4 ± 8.8 and 20.6 ± 6.0 (NS); negative symptoms scores on PANSS, 20.6 ± 4.7 and 33.6 ± 4.4 (P < 0.01); and total scores on PANSS, 31.7 ± 7.0 and 48.6 ± 7.4 (P < 0.01). Patients with severe negative symptoms had greater difficulty understanding and cooperating with the cancer treatment. Regarding cancer stage, when cancer was discovered, the disease had already advanced and was no longer amenable to first-line treatment. Regarding notification of the diagnosis, it was rarely possible to give sufficiently early notice to patients in the untreated group. The important role of consultation,liaison psychiatrist in treating cancer patients is suggested. Some steps are proposed for managing schizophrenia patients with cancer who are not able to give informed consent. [source] Salmonella or Campylobacter gastroenteritis prior to a cancer diagnosis does not aggravate the prognosis: a population-based follow-up studyAPMIS, Issue 2 2010KIM O. GRADEL Gradel KO, Nørgaard M, Schønheyder HC, Dethlefsen C, Ejlertsen T, Kristensen B, Nielsen H. Salmonella or Campylobacter gastroenteritis prior to a cancer diagnosis does not aggravate the prognosis: a population-based follow-up study. APMIS 2010; 118: 136,42. We hypothesized that preceding zoonotic Salmonella or Campylobacter gastroenteritis aggravated the prognosis in cancer patients. Exposed patients comprised all of those diagnosed with first-time Salmonella/Campylobacter gastroenteritis from 1991 and with first-time cancer diagnosis thereafter (through 2003) in two Danish counties. These patients were matched for main cancer type, gender, age and calendar period to unexposed cancer patients, i.e. those without Salmonella/Campylobacter gastroenteritis. We compared cancer stage by age- and comorbidity-adjusted logistic regression analysis, survival by comorbidity-adjusted Cox's regression analysis and mortality dependent on the time period between Salmonella/Campylobacter gastroenteritis and cancer by spline regression curves. The study cohort comprised 272 Salmonella/Campylobacter -exposed cancer patients and 2681 unexposed cancer patients. Prevalence odds ratios [95% confidence intervals (CI)] in exposed as compared with unexposed patients were 0.96 (0.74,1.25) for localized tumours, 1.15 (0.87,1.54) for regional spread and 1.14 (0.84,1.55) for metastases. Adjusted mortality rate ratios (95% CI) were 0.93 (0.75,1.16) for 0,1 year, 1.08 (0.84,1.39) for 2,5 years and 1.02 (0.60,1.73) for the remaining period. Mortality estimates did not change in relation to the time period between gastroenteritis and cancer. Salmonella/Campylobacter gastroenteritis prior to cancer was associated with neither the cancer stage nor a poorer prognosis. [source] Communicating breast cancer treatment complication risks: When words are likely to failASIA-PACIFIC JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY, Issue 3 2009Peter H GRAHAM Abstract Aim: The aim of the present study was to describe women's preferences for the quantification of the risk of a serious complication after regional nodal radiotherapy for breast cancer and women's interpretation of a range of descriptive terms. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted to elicit risk expression preferences and interpretation of words commonly used to describe the risk or frequency of a complication. Two hundred and sixty-two women who had experienced breast-only radiotherapy for early breast cancer at a Sydney teaching hospital were recruited for the survey. Results: The most preferred single method of expression of a risk is descriptive words, for example "uncommon" (52%), followed by percentages (27%) and numbers, for example 1 in 100 (21%). Lower education levels, more advanced cancer stage and older age increase the preference for descriptive words. When considering a serious complication of treatment, such as loss of the function of an arm, the modal interpretation of the descriptors "sometimes" was 1/100 (36% of women), "uncommon" was 1/1000 (35%), "very uncommon" was 1/10 000 (40%), "rare" was 1/10 000 (58%) and "very rare" was 1/10 000 (51%). However, the range of interpretations and the consistent assignment of extremely low frequencies of risk generally render descriptive words without numerical quantification inadequate for informed consent. Conclusion: Although risks of side-effects are often described in words such as common, uncommon and rare, qualification should be provided with numerical values to ensure better understanding of risk. [source] Patients with bladder and lung cancer: a long-term outcome analysisBJU INTERNATIONAL, Issue 9 2004A. El-Hakim OBJECTIVES To report on patient characteristics, stage of disease and long-term outcome and prognosis of patients with dual bladder and lung cancers, as there is an established increased risk of smoking-related second primary cancers, especially lung cancer, developing in patients with bladder cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS We reviewed our hospital tumour registry database from 1990 to 2002, and identified 27 patients who had both bladder and lung cancers among 1038 with bladder cancer and 2427 with lung cancer. Seventeen patients had bladder cancer detected before lung cancer (group 1), and the remaining 10 had lung cancer diagnosed first (group 2). RESULTS Group 1 and 2 were comparable in terms of patients' characteristics, mean interval between cancer detection and their use of tobacco. Group 1 patients had a tendency towards more invasive lung cancer at diagnosis than had group 2 patients (11/17 vs 2/10 stage ,,IIB, respectively; P = 0.082). The mean follow-up was 49.8 and 64.5 months for groups 1 and 2, respectively (not significant). The mean (sd) interval to death from the date of diagnosis of lung cancer was 18 (17) months for group 1 and 65 (42) months for group 2 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Patients with bladder and lung cancer who have lung cancer detected first have a lower lung cancer stage and higher overall survival rate than patients diagnosed with bladder cancer first. [source] Disparities in medical care among commercially insured patients with newly diagnosed breast cancerCANCER, Issue 1 2010Opportunities for intervention Abstract BACKGROUND: African-American women have increased breast cancer mortality compared with white women. Diagnostic and treatment gaps may contribute to this disparity. METHODS: In this retrospective, longitudinal cohort study, Southern US health plan claims data and linked medical charts were used to identify racial disparities in the diagnoses, treatment, and mortality of commercially insured women with newly diagnosed breast cancer. White women (n = 476) and African-American women (n = 99) with newly diagnosed breast cancer were identified by breast cancer claims codes (International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes 174, 233.0, 238.3, and 239.3) between January 2000 and December 2004. Race, diagnoses (breast cancer stage, estrogen/progesterone receptor [ER/PR]-positive status), treatment (breast-conserving surgery, antiestrogen therapy, and chemotherapy interruption or reduction), and all-cause mortality were assessed from medical charts. Multivariate regression analyses were adjusted for age, geography, and socioeconomic status to test the association of race with diagnoses/treatment. RESULTS: White women were older (P < .001) and had higher rates of diagnosis at stage 0/I (55.2% vs 38.4%; P < .05) than African-American women. More white women had positive ER/PR status (75% vs 56% African-American; P = .001) and received antiestrogen therapy if they were positive (37.2% vs 27.3% African-American; P < .001). White women received slightly more breast-conserving surgery and chemotherapy dose modification than African-American women (P value nonsignificant). African-American women had a higher mortality rate (8.1%) than white women (3.6%; P = .06). In adjusted analyses, African-American women were diagnosed at later stages (odds ratio, 1.71; P = .02), and white women received more antiestrogen therapy (odds ratio, 2.1; P = .03). CONCLUSIONS: Disparities in medical care among patients with newly diagnosed breast cancer were evident between African-American women and white women despite health plan insurance coverage. Interventions that address the gaps identified are needed. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society. [source] Interleukin-6 predicts recurrence and survival among head and neck cancer patients,CANCER, Issue 4 2008Sonia A. Duffy PhD Abstract BACKGROUND. Increased pretreatment serum interleukin (IL)-6 levels among patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) have been shown to correlate with poor prognosis, but sample sizes in prior studies have been small and thus unable to control for other known prognostic variables. METHODS. A longitudinal, prospective cohort study determined the correlation between pretreatment serum IL-6 levels, and tumor recurrence and all-cause survival in a large population (N = 444) of previously untreated HNSCC patients. Control variables included age, sex, smoking, cancer site and stage, and comorbidities. Kaplan-Meier plots and univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were used to study the association between IL-6 levels, control variables, and time to recurrence and survival. RESULTS. The median serum IL-6 level was 13 pg/mL (range, 0-453). The 2-year recurrence rate was 35.2% (standard error, 2.67%). The 2-year death rate was 26.5% (standard error, 2.26%). Multivariate analyses showed that serum IL-6 levels independently predicted recurrence at significant levels [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.32; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.11 to 1.58; P = .002] as did cancer site (oral/sinus). Serum IL-6 level was also a significant independent predictor of poor survival (HR = 1.22; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.46; P = .03), as were older age, smoking, cancer site (oral/sinus), higher cancer stage, and comorbidities. CONCLUSIONS. Pretreatment serum IL-6 could be a valuable biomarker for predicting recurrence and overall survival among HNSCC patients. Using IL-6 as a biomarker for recurrence and survival may allow for earlier identification and treatment of disease relapse. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society. [source] Trends in the incidence and treatment of parathyroid cancer in the United StatesCANCER, Issue 9 2007Peter K. Lee MD Abstract BACKGROUND. Parathyroid cancer is a rare cause of hyperparathyroidism. The objectives of this study were to determine the patterns of disease, treatment trends, and outcomes among patients with parathyroid cancer by using a population-based data source. METHODS. Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) cancer registry data were used to identify patients who were diagnosed with parathyroid cancer from 1988 through 2003. To assess whether the incidence rate, treatment, tumor size, and cancer stage changed over time, the Cochrane-Armitage trend test was used, and Cox proportional-hazards modeling was used to identify the factors associated with an improved overall survival rate. RESULTS. From 1988 through 2003, 224 patients with parathyroid cancer were reported in the SEER data. Over that 16-year study period, the incidence of parathyroid cancer increased by 60% (1988,1991, 3.58 per 10,000,000 population; 2000,2003, 5.73 per 10,000,000 population). Most patients (96%) underwent surgery (parathyroidectomy, 78.6% of patients; en bloc resection, 12.5% of patients; other, 4.9% of patients). The rate of surgical treatment increased significantly during the study period. The 10-year all-cause mortality rate was 33.2%, and the 10-year cancer-related mortality rate was 12.4%. Patient age (P < .0001), sex (P = .0106), the presence of distant metastases at diagnosis (P = .0004), and the year of diagnosis (P = .0287) were associated significantly with the overall survival rate. Tumor size, lymph node status, and type of surgery were not associated significantly with the overall survival rate. CONCLUSIONS. Although parathyroid cancer is rare, the incidence increased significantly in the United States from 1988 through 2003. Young age, female gender, recent year of diagnosis, and absence of distant metastases were associated significantly with an improved survival rate. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society. [source] The impact of new screening protocol on individuals at increased risk of colorectal cancerCOLORECTAL DISEASE, Issue 7 2007T. Mak Abstract Objective, Screening colonoscopy has been shown to reduce mortality and cancer stage in hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) individuals. However, the benefit of screening in intermediate risk groups is unknown. The most recent national guidelines have recommended a reduction of screening frequency for the intermediate risk group. Therefore, this study aims to compare the results of colonoscopic screening in HNPCC and intermediate risk groups and assess the effect of the most recent screening protocol recommendations. Method, A total of 244 individuals; 108 from HNPCC families (28 mismatch repair gene carriers) and 136 from intermediate risk families were referred for regular colonoscopic screening by the Regional Genetics Service. Findings from 417 colonoscopies performed between 1992 and 2003 were evaluated. Results, A total of three cancers, 39 adenomas and 41 hyperplastic polyps were found in the HNPCC group compared with one cancer, 22 adenomas and 19 hyperplasic polyps in the intermediate risk group. If the recent screening guidelines for the intermediate group were applied, then 89 (44%) fewer colonoscopies would have been performed. Although no cancers would have been missed, six adenomas (mean size = 5.7 mm, range 2,10 mm) with two graded as severely dysplasic and six hyperplastic polyps would not have been detected. Conclusion, The detection rate and distribution of adenomas were similar in both groups. If the new colonoscopic screening recommendations for the intermediate risk group had been applied, a small number of significant lesions would have been missed. [source] Surveillance for endometrial cancer in hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer syndromeINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER, Issue 4 2007Laura Renkonen-Sinisalo Abstract The estimated lifetime risk for endometrial carcinoma (EC) in hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer syndrome (HNPCC) is 32,60%, thus supporting surveillance. The survival rate of EC patients is, however, favourable questioning the need for surveillance. Yet, the effectiveness of gynecological surveillance remains to be shown. The 2 previously published studies were based on transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS) alone. Intrauterine biopsy has not been tested in surveillance for EC in HNPCC families. The effect of gynecological surveillance was evaluated among 175 Finnish mutation carriers. During 759 person years at risk, there were 503 surveillance visits including TVUS and intrauterine biopsy of endometrium at 94% and 74% of the visits, respectively. EC occurred in 14 cases, 11 of which were diagnosed by surveillance, 8 by intrauterine biopsies. TVUS indicated only 4 EC patients but missed 6 other cases. Intrauterine sampling detected 14 additional cases of potentially premalignant hyperplasia. The stage distribution and survival tended to be more favorable in the 14 EC cases of the surveilled group (no deaths) than in the group of 83 symptomatic mutation carriers of whom 6 died of EC, but with no statistical significance. Four cases of ovarian cancer occurred but none was detected by surveillance in TVUS examinations. In conclusion, EC surveillance in HNPCC seems more effective with endometrial biopsies than with TVUS alone. A definite improvement in survival remains to be shown. The detection of early cancer stages and premalignant lesions offers the opportunity to avoid extensive adjuvant treatment. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Color-based tumor tissue segmentation for the automated estimation of oral cancer parametersMICROSCOPY RESEARCH AND TECHNIQUE, Issue 1 2010Yung-nien Sun Abstract This article presents an automatic color-based feature extraction system for parameter estimation of oral cancer from optical microscopic images. The system first reduces image-to-image variations by means of color normalization. We then construct a database which consists of typical cancer images. The color parameters extracted from this database are then used in automated online sampling from oral cancer images. Principal component analysis is subsequently used to divide the color features into four tissue types. Each pixel in the cancer image is then classified into the corresponding tissue types based on the Mahalanobis distance. The aforementioned procedures are all fully automated; in particular, the automated sampling step greatly reduces the need for intensive labor in manual sampling and training. Experiments reveal high levels of consistency among the results achieved using the manual, semiautomatic, and fully automatic methods. Parameter comparisons between the four cancer stages are conducted, and only the mean parameters between early and late cancer stages are statistically different. In summary, the proposed system provides a useful and convenient tool for automatic segmentation and evaluation for stained biopsy samples of oral cancer. This tool can also be modified and applied to other tissue images with similar staining conditions. Microsc. Res. Tech. 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Plausible linkage of hypoxia inducible factor-1, in uterine cervical cancerCANCER SCIENCE, Issue 9 2006Jiro Fujimoto Angiogenesis is essential for the development, growth and advancement of solid tumors. Angiogenesis is induced by hypoxia with angiogenic transcription factor hypoxia inducible factors (HIF). This prompted us to study the clinical implications of HIF relative to angiogenesis in uterine cervical cancers. Although there was no significant difference in HIF-1, histoscores and mRNA levels according to histopathological type or lymph node metastasis, HIF-1, histoscores and mRNA levels increased significantly with advancing cancer stages. The prognosis of 30 patients with high HIF-1, in uterine cervical cancers was poor (73% survival), whereas the 24-month survival rate of the other 30 patients with low HIF-1, was 93%. HIF-1, histoscores and mRNA levels were correlated with the levels of the angiogenic factors thymidine phosphorylase and interleukin-8, and HIF-1, might be linked with these factors in cervical cancer tissue. HIF-1, is a candidate for prognostic indicator as an angiogenic mediator in uterine cervical cancer. (Cancer Sci 2006; 97: 861,867) [source] | ||||||||||