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Cancer Registry (cancer + registry)
Kinds of Cancer Registry Terms modified by Cancer Registry Selected AbstractsBreast cancer incidence among American Indian and Alaska Native women: US, 1999,2004,,§CANCER, Issue S5 2008Phyllis A. Wingo PhD Abstract BACKGROUND. Breast cancer is a leading cause of cancer morbidity and mortality among American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) women. Although published studies have suggested that breast cancer rates among AI/AN women are lower than those among other racial and ethnic populations, accurate determinations of the breast cancer burden have been hampered by misclassification of AI/AN race. METHODS. Cancer incidence data from the National Program of Cancer Registries and the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program were combined to estimate age-adjusted rates for the diagnosis years 1999 through 2004. Several steps were taken to reduce the misclassification of AI/AN race: linking cases to Indian Health Service (IHS) patient services database, restricting analyses to Contract Health Service Delivery Area counties, and stratifying results by IHS region. RESULTS. Breast cancer incidence rates among AI/AN women varied nearly 3-fold across IHS regions. The highest rates were in Alaska (134.8) and the Plains (Northern, 115.9; Southern, 115.7), and the lowest rates were in the Southwest (50.8). The rate in Alaska was similar to the rate among non-Hispanic white (NHW) women in Alaska. Overall, AI/AN women had lower rates of breast cancer than NHW women, but AI/AN women were more likely to be diagnosed with late-stage disease. CONCLUSIONS. To the authors' knowledge, this report provides the most comprehensive breast cancer incidence data for AI/AN women to date. The wide regional variation indicates an important need for etiologic and health services research, and the large percentage of AI/AN women with late-stage disease demands innovative approaches for increasing access to screening. Cancer 2008;113(5 suppl):1191,202. Published 2008 by the American Cancer Society. [source] Colorectal cancer in U.S. adults younger than 50 years of age, 1998,2001,CANCER, Issue S5 2006Temeika L. Fairley PhD Abstract BACKGROUND. Colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence rates are increasing among persons younger than 50 years of age, a population routinely not screened unless an individual has a high risk of CRC. This population-based study focuses primarily on describing the CRC burden for persons in this age group. METHODS. The data used for this study were derived from the National Program of Cancer Registries (NPCR) and Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) surveillance systems. Age-adjusted incidence rates, rate ratios, and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals were calculated. RESULTS. CRC is ranked among the top 10 cancers occurring in males and females aged 20,49 years regardless of race. Persons younger than 50 years were more likely to present with less localized and more distant disease than do older adults. Among younger adults, age-adjusted incidence rates for poorly differentiated cancers were twice as high as rates for well-differentiated cancers. Incidence rates for poorly differentiated cancers were 60% higher than that for well-differentiated cancers diagnosed in older adults. Rates were significantly higher for blacks and significantly lower for Asians/Pacific Islanders when compared with that for whites for the most demographic and tumor characteristics examined. CONCLUSIONS. This study confirms the findings of previous population-based studies suggesting that younger patients present with more advanced disease than do older patients. This study also identifies racial and ethnic disparities in CRC incidence in this population. These findings suggest the need for additional studies to understand the behavior and etiology of CRC in blacks. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society. [source] Cancer risk among patients hospitalized for Type 1 diabetes mellitus: a population-based cohort study in SwedenDIABETIC MEDICINE, Issue 7 2010X. Shu Diabet. Med. 27, 791,797 (2010) Abstract Aims, Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune disease with potential mechanistic links to immune-related cancers. We aimed at examining the overall and specific cancer risks among hospitalized T1DM patients from the national registers in Sweden. Methods, A T1DM research cohort was created by identifying T1DM patients from the Hospital Discharge Register and linking them with the Cancer Registry. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) for subsequent cancers were calculated among patients with T1DM compared with those without T1DM. Results, Two hundred and fifty-eight cases were ascertained with subsequent cancers during the follow-up duration from 1964 to 2006, with an increased overall SIR of 1.17 (95% CI 1.04,1.33) among 24 052 T1DM patients identified at baseline. Significant excess was noted for gastric and skin (squamous cell carcinoma) cancers and for leukaemia. Increased risk of acute lymphatic leukaemia accounted for most of the variation of leukaemia risk (SIR = 5.31, 95% CI 3.32,8.05). Cancer risk varied with sex, age at first hospitalization and numbers of hospitalizations. The risk was higher in women compared with men and in those hospitalized for T1DM at age over 10 years compared with the younger patients. Higher risks were also found among those with more hospital visits. Conclusion, By quantifying the variations of overall and site-specific cancer risks after T1DM, the current study provides novel associations between T1DM and subsequent cancers, the mechanisms of which remain to be established. [source] A population-based study of hairy cell leukemia in IsraelEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HAEMATOLOGY, Issue 5 2006Ora Paltiel Abstract:,Objectives: Few population-based data exist on the incidence and prognosis of hairy cell leukemia (HCL). Our objectives were to study the effect of socio-demographic factors on this rare disease and the risk of second malignancies occurring in HCL patients. Methods: We measured crude and age-adjusted incidence rates of HCL based on reporting to the Israel Cancer Registry (ICR) 1991,2001. Using Kaplan,Meier and multivariate analysis, we assessed survival by gender, ethnicity and geographic region. We ascertained additional primary tumors reported in this population and calculated standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) for tumors reported after the diagnosis of HCL. Results: The ICR registered 147 cases of HCL among males and 34 in females between 1991 and 2001. Age-adjusted incidence rates were 1.62/106/yr for women and 7.97/106/yr for men, with rates 1.5 times higher in Jewish than in non-Jewish (mainly Arab) men. Mean overall survival also differed by ethnicity. In a multivariate model, increasing age at diagnosis (P < 0.001), as well as Arab origin (P = 0.008) were associated with poorer survival but gender did not significantly affect the survival after controlling for age and ethnicity. Other primary malignancies were reported in 20 (11%) individuals, with a predominance of genito-urinary tumors (65%) among males. Secondary genito-urinary tumors were significantly increased above the expected population rates (SIR 3.23, 95% confidence interval: 1.39,6.36, P = 0.008). Conclusions: In the Israeli population, age and ethnicity were associated with prognosis of HCL. Variations in disease characteristics, stage of disease at diagnosis or differential access to treatment may contribute to these findings. Patients with HCL appear to be at increased risk for genito-urinary malignancies. [source] Population-based study of cancer among carriers of a constitutional structural chromosomal rearrangementGENES, CHROMOSOMES AND CANCER, Issue 3 2006Iben Bache We measured the occurrence of cancer in an unselected cohort of carriers of constitutional structural rearrangements in virtually complete nationwide registries for cancer and constitutional cytogenetic abnormalities. We identified 4,816 carriers of a constitutional structural rearrangement in the Danish Cytogenetic Registry and searched for cancer diagnoses by linkage to the Danish Cancer Registry. There was no overall increased risk for cancer among carriers (standardized incidence ratio [SIR], 0.96; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.84,1.10), and no significant difference from that expected was found in balanced and unbalanced rearrangements or in any subtypes of rearrangements. We found significantly lower risks for carriers with rearrangements involving chromosome 21 (SIR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.22,0.99) and for paternally inherited rearrangements (SIR, 0.30; 95% CI, 0.06,0.88). Risk estimates for the observed type-specific cancers showed an increased risk for non-Hodgkin lymphoma (SIR, 2.11; 95% CI, 1.09,3.69). However, subgroup analyses were not guided by study hypotheses, and our statistical evaluation of the data should be looked upon as exploratory. In addition, we found 12 constitutional structural rearrangements with a breakpoint potentially associated with a cancer-related gene. Potential new loci associated with type-specific cancers were suggested by the findings of families with more than one affected carrier and by the involvement of the same cytogenetic bands in unrelated carriers. Molecular mapping of these breakpoints might provide new insight into cancer predisposition. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Increasing incidence of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in Canada, 1970,1996: age,period,cohort analysisHEMATOLOGICAL ONCOLOGY, Issue 2 2003Shiliang Liu Abstract Previous studies have shown that the incidence of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) has increased in many parts of the world in recent decades. Using data obtained from the Canadian Cancer Registry, the present study examined time trends in NHL incidence in Canada between 1970 and 1996 and the effects of age, period of diagnosis and birth cohort on incidence patterns for each sex separately. Results showed that overall age-adjusted incidence rates increased substantially, from 7.3 and 5.2 per 100,000 in 1970,1971 to 14.0 and 10.0 per 100,000 in 1995,1996 in males and females, respectively. Diffuse lymphoma was the major histological subtype, accounting for approximately 76% of NHL cases over the 27-year period. The data suggest that period effects have played a major role, although birth cohort effects may also have been involved. Sex-specific patterns of the incidence were similar over the time period of diagnosis but were distinct among recent birth cohorts. In conclusion, there is in fact a marked increase in NHL in Canada which cannot be explained in terms of improvements in diagnosis, changes in NHL classification and the increase in AIDS-associated NHL alone. The birth cohort effect in NHL suggests that changes in risk factors may have contributed to the observed increase. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Type 2 diabetes and hepatocellular carcinoma: A cohort study in high prevalence area of hepatitis virus infection,,HEPATOLOGY, Issue 6 2006Mei-Shu Lai This study aimed to elucidate the relationship of type 2 diabetes, other known risk factors, and primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in countries with a high prevalence of hepatitis infection. We followed a prospective cohort of 54,979 subjects who participated in the Keelung Community-Based Integrated Screening program between 1999 and 2002. A total of 5,732 subjects with type 2 diabetes cases were identified at enrollment on the basis of fasting blood glucose level, and a total of 138 confirmed HCC cases were identified either through two-stage liver cancer screening or linkage with the National Cancer Registry. The independent effect of type 2 diabetes on the incidence of HCC and the interaction between type 2 diabetes and hepatitis infection or lipids profile were assessed using the Cox proportional hazards regression model. After controlling for age, sex, hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), smoking, and alcohol consumption, the association between type 2 diabetes and incidence of HCC (excluding 33 prevalent cases identified at enrollment) was modified by HCV status and cholesterol level. The associations were only statistically significant (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] = 2.08 [1.03-4.18]) for being HCV negative and for having hypercholesterolemia (adjusted HR = 2.81 [1.20-6.55]). These statistically significant findings remained even excluding cases of diabetes newly diagnosed at enrollment. In conclusion, in an area with a high prevalence of hepatitis virus infection, type 2 diabetes increases the risk of developing HCC in those who are HCV negative or have a high level of total cholesterol. (HEPATOLOGY 2006;43: 1295,1302.) [source] Quality of histopathological reporting on melanoma and influence of use of a synoptic templateHISTOPATHOLOGY, Issue 6 2010Lauren E Haydu Haydu L E, Holt P E, Karim R Z, Madronio C M, Thompson J F, Armstrong B K & Scolyer R A (2010) Histopathology56, 768,774 Quality of histopathological reporting on melanoma and influence of use of a synoptic template Aims:, To evaluate the quality of histopathological reporting for melanoma in a whole population, to assess the influence on quality of the use of a synoptic template and thus to provide an evidence base to guide improvement in reporting melanoma pathology. Methods and results:, Histopathology reports of all primary invasive melanomas notified to the New South Wales Central Cancer Registry between October 2006 and October 2007 (n = 3784) were reviewed. A detailed audit of histopathology reports for consecutively diagnosed primary invasive melanoma over 6 months (n = 2082) was performed to assess the quality of each report based on compliance with the 2008 Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Management of Melanoma in Australia and New Zealand. Only half of the initial excision specimen reports included the essential components necessary to stage a melanoma patient according to the 2002 American Joint Committee on Cancer/International Union Against Cancer melanoma staging system. Report format was strongly correlated with completeness and validity of reporting: reports in a synoptic format, with or without a descriptive component, achieved the highest quality levels. Conclusions:, Even in a population with a high incidence of melanoma, concordance of pathology reports with current guidelines was comparatively low. Wider adoption of synoptic reporting is likely to increase report quality. [source] Survival in Danish patients with breast cancer and inflammatory bowel disease: A nationwide cohort study,INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES, Issue 4 2008Kirstine Kobberøe Søgaard BA Abstract Background: Incidences of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and of breast cancer have increased over the last decades. The influence of IBD on breast cancer prognosis, however, is unknown. We therefore examined the impact of IBD on treatment receipt and survival in breast cancer patients. Methods: Information on breast cancer patients (stage and treatment) diagnosed between 1980 and 2004 was sourced from the Danish Cancer Registry. Data on IBD and potential confounders were extracted from the Danish National Registry of Patients covering all Danish hospitals. Cox regression was used to compute mortality rate ratios (MRRs) among breast cancer patients with IBD, compared to their non-IBD counterparts, adjusting for age, stage, comorbidity measured by the Charlson Index, and calendar year. Results: We identified 71,148 breast cancer cases; 67 also had Crohn's disease (CD) and 216 had ulcerative colitis (UC). Patients with CD had more advanced stage and received radiotherapy less, and chemotherapy more, frequently than patients without IBD. In the adjusted analyses there was no substantial survival difference in breast cancer patients with and without IBD (MRRCD = 1.22; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.85,1.75; MRRUC = 1.09; 95% CI = 0.86,1.38). In a stratified analysis, chemotherapy was associated with poorer survival in patients with CD (MRRCD = 1.93; 95% CI = 1.00,3.72). Conclusions: Breast cancer patients with UC receive the same treatment and have similar survival to breast cancer without IBD. In contrast, breast cancer patients with CD are treated with radiotherapy less often. Survival of breast cancer in patients with CD treated with chemotherapy is poorer compared to survival in patients without IBD. (Inflamm Bowel Dis 2007) [source] Risk factors for testicular cancer , differences between pure non-seminoma and mixed seminoma/non-seminoma?INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANDROLOGY, Issue 4 2006E. L. Aschim Summary The origin of testicular germ cell cancer (TGCC) is believed to be carcinoma in situ cells developed in utero. Clinically, TGCCs are divided into two major histological groups, seminomas and non-seminomas, where the latter group includes non-seminomatous TGCCs with seminomatous components (mixed S/NS TGCC). Recent studies, however, have suggested that non-seminomas and mixed S/NS TGCCs could have certain differences in aetiology, and in this study the TGCCs were divided into three, rather than the conventional two histological groups. A large case-control study was undertaken on data on all live-born boys registered in the Medical Birth Registry of Norway during the period 1967,1998 (n = 961 396). Among these were 1087 TGCC cases registered in the Cancer Registry of Norway until February 2004. We found several risk factors for TGCC, including low parity, low gestational age, epilepsy and retained placenta. Several of the variables studied seemed to be risk factors for specific histological groups, e.g. parity 0 vs. 2 and low gestational age being associated with increased risk of non-seminomas, but not of mixed S/NS TGCC, and low maternal age being associated with increased risk of mixed S/NS TGCC, but not of non-seminomatous TGCC. Therefore, our results might suggest that non-seminomas and mixed S/NS TGCCs have partially different risk factors, whose associations may be obscured by combining these two histological groups. The histological groups were not significantly different, however. Most of our findings on risk factors for TGCC are in agreement with at least some previous studies. An unexplainable exception is low birth weight being associated with reduced risk of TGCC in our study. [source] The role of human papillomavirus in the increased incidence of base of tongue cancerINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER, Issue 12 2010Per Attner Abstract Numerous reports have shown that the incidence for oropharyngeal cancer is increasing and that human papillomavirus (HPV) is a risk factor. However, few studies have investigated the specific subsites of the oropharynx. Following our previous research on tonsillar cancer, we assessed the increase in the incidence of base of tongue cancer and the prevalence of HPV in this disease. Between 1998 and 2007, 109 patients were diagnosed for base of tongue cancer in Stockholm county. Ninety-five paraffin-embedded diagnostic tumor biopsies from patients were obtained and tested for HPV, both by general HPV PCR and HPV-16/HPV-33 type-specific PCR. Expression of HPV-16 RNA was analyzed to confirm E6 and/or E7 expression. Incidence data were obtained from the Swedish Cancer Registry. An overall increase in the incidence of base of tongue cancer from 0.15/100,000 person-years during 1970,1974 to 0.47/100,000 person-years during 2005,2007 was found in Sweden. The prevalence of HPV in base of tongue cancer in Stockholm county increased from 58% during 1998,2001 to 84% during 2004,2007 (p < 0.05). In the HPV-positive tumors, HPV-16 dominated (86%) but interestingly, HPV33 was detected in as many as 10%. E6 and/or E7 RNA were found in 85% of the samples tested. The incidence of base of tongue cancer, as well as the proportion of HPV-positive tumors, has increased in Sweden during the study period, suggesting that HPV may contribute to this increase. [source] A case-control study on hormone therapy as a risk factor for breast cancer in Finland: Intrauterine system carries a risk as wellINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER, Issue 2 2010Heli K. Lyytinen Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between postmenopausal hormone therapy (HT) and the risk for breast cancer in recently postmenopausal Finnish women. All Finnish women with first invasive breast cancer diagnosed between the ages of 50 and 62 years during 1995,2007 (n = 9,956) were identified from the Finnish Cancer Registry. For each case, 3 controls of the same age were retrieved from the Finnish Population Register. The cases and controls were linked to the national medical reimbursement register to assess the use of HT. The odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for breast cancer were calculated with conditional logistic regression analysis, adjusting for parity, age at the first birth and health care district. Estradiol-only therapy (991 users with breast cancer, n) or oral progestagen (n = 138) was not accompanied by an increased risk. Estradiol-progestagen therapy (EPT) (n = 1,731) was associated with an elevated risk in the whole series (OR 1.36; 95% CI 1.27,1.46). The risk became detectable in less than 3 years of use. Continuous EPT use tended to be associated with a higher risk for breast cancer than the sequential EPT use. The use of tibolone (n = 80) (1.36; 1.15,1.96), a levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG,IUS) alone (n = 154) (1.45; 1.97,1.77) or as a complement to estradiol (n = 137) (2.15; 1.72,2.68) was also associated with an increased risk. The association between HT use and the risk for breast cancer shows a large variation between various forms of HT, and also the use of LNG-IUS may carry a risk. [source] Incidence of human papillomavirus (HPV) positive tonsillar carcinoma in Stockholm, Sweden: An epidemic of viral-induced carcinoma?INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER, Issue 2 2009Anders Näsman Abstract In the county of Stockholm, between 1970 and 2002, we have previously reported a 3-fold parallel increase in the incidence of tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and the proportion of human papillomavirus (HPV) positive tonsillar SCC. Here, we have followed the above parameters in all patients (n = 120) diagnosed with tonsillar SCC during 2003,2007 in the same area, and also in correlation to our previous data. Ninety-eight pretreatment biopsies were available and presence of HPV DNA and HPV-16 E6 and E7 RNA were tested by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and RT-PCR. Incidence data were obtained from the Swedish Cancer Registry. Data reported from 1970 to 2002 were also obtained for comparison. HPV DNA was present in 83 of 98 (85%) of the tonsillar SCC biopsies from 2003 to 2007 and 77 of these were HPV-16 positive. HPV-16 E6 and E7 RNA were found in 98% of 52 analyzed HPV-16 positive cases. The proportion of HPV-positive cancers had significantly increased both from 1970 to 2007 (p < 0.0001) as well from 2000 to 2007 (p < 0.01), with 68% (95% confidence interval (CI), 53,81) 2000,2002; 77% (95% CI, 63,87) 2003,2005; and 93% (95% CI, 82,99) 2006,2007. The incidence rate of HPV-positive tumors almost doubled each decade between 1970 and 2007, in parallel with a decline of HPV-negative tumors. In conclusion, the incidence of HPV-positive cancers is still increasing in the County of Stockholm, suggesting an epidemic of a virus-induced carcinoma, with soon practically all tonsillar SCC being HPV positive, as in cervical cancer. © 2009 UICC [source] Psychiatric disorder as a first manifestation of cancer: A 10-year population-based studyINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER, Issue 12 2009Michael E. Benros Abstract To investigate the possibility that psychiatric symptoms could be caused by a yet undetected cancer or be part of a paraneoplastic syndrome, nationwide population-based registers were linked including the Danish Psychiatric Central Register and the Danish Cancer Registry. Data were analysed as a cohort study using survival analysis techniques and incidence rate ratios (IRRs) were used as measures of relative risk. A total of 4,320,623 persons were followed in the 10-year period 1994,2003, resulting in 37,581,600 person-years at risk, 202,144 persons with a first-time psychiatric contact, and 208,995 persons diagnosed with cancer. During the first month after a first-time psychiatric contact, the incidence of all forms of cancer was elevated; IRR: 2.61 (95% CI, 2.31,2.95). Particularly the incidence of brain tumours was elevated; IRR: 18.85 (95% CI, 14.52,24.48), but also the incidence of lung cancer; IRR: 2.98 (95% CI, 2.16,4.12), and especially small-cell lung cancer; IRR: 6.13 (95% CI, 3.39,11.07) was elevated. The elevated IRR for most cancers decreased towards unity within the first 3 months, except for brain tumours, for which the IRR remained significantly elevated during the first 9 months. One of every 63 patients above 50 years of age was diagnosed with malignant cancer within 1 year of first-time psychiatric contact. These results indicate an increased incidence of cancer, especially for brain tumours and small-cell lung cancer, in the first months after a first-time contact to a psychiatric hospital. Clinicians should be aware that first-onset psychiatric symptoms could be a sign of a yet undetected cancer. © 2009 UICC [source] Low-risk factor profile, estrogen levels, and breast cancer risk among postmenopausal womenINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER, Issue 8 2009Naja Hulvej Rod Abstract Obesity, alcohol consumption, physical inactivity and postmenopausal hormone use are known modifiable risk factors for breast cancer. We aim to measure incidence rates of breast cancer for women with favorable levels on all 4 risk factors (BMI , 30 kg/m2, alcohol <1 drink/week, physically active and no current hormone use) and to evaluate their associations with estrogen. The 5,054 postmenopausal women in the Copenhagen City Heart Study were asked about risk factors at baseline in 1981,3 and were followed until 2002 in the Danish Cancer Registry, with <0.1% loss to follow-up. Estradiol was measured in a subset of 1,042 women. During follow-up, 263 women developed breast cancer. Twenty-six percent of the women had a favourable risk factor profile, and their breast cancer rates were markedly lower (154 per 100,000 years) than women with 3+ risk factors (460 per 100,000 years). One, two and three risk factors were associated with hazard ratios of 1.38 (95% CI: 0.99; 1.92), 1.84 (1.26; 2.67) and 2.79 (1.59; 4.88) compared to women with a favourable profile. Each of the risk factors was associated with estrogen. In conclusion, the risk of breast cancer was markedly lower for women with a favourable risk profile than for other women and lower estrogen levels is a possible explanation. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Cancer patterns in nasopharyngeal carcinoma multiplex families in TaiwanINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER, Issue 7 2009Kelly J. Yu Abstract Genetic and environmental factors have been implicated in the etiology of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), a tumor known to be closely associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. Studies have reported familial aggregation of NPC and have suggested the possible aggregation of NPC and other cancers. We evaluated familial aggregation of cancer in 358 high-risk families with two or more NPC cases enrolled in a NPC genetics study in Taiwan. Participants were linked to the Taiwan National Cancer Registry to identify incident cancers diagnosed after study enrollment (started in 1996) and before December 31, 2005, or death. In total, 2,870 individuals from the NPC Multiplex Family Study contributed 15,151 person-years over an average of 5.3 years of follow-up. One hundred ten incident cancers were identified. Multiple-primary standardized incidence ratios (MP-SIRs) were computed to evaluate overall cancer risk associated with infectious agents and with other tumors. The overall MP-SIR was 1.3 (95% CI: 1.1,1.6), which was largely explained by an excess in NPC (MP-SIR = 15; 95% CI: 10,23). Exclusion of incident NPC diagnoses led to an overall MP-SIR of 1.0 (95% CI: 0.83,1.3). Similarly, the observed excess risk of cancers associated with infectious agents (MP-SIR = 2.0; 95% CI: 1.5,2.6) was driven by the excess in NPC; exclusion of NPC cases led to a reduced MP-SIR that did not differ from 1.0. Analysis of the largest NPC multiplex family study to date confirms the presence of coaggregation of NPC within families in Taiwan but does not provide evidence for a broader familial syndrome involving NPC and other tumors. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Up-to-date cancer survival: Period analysis and beyondINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER, Issue 6 2009Hermann Brenner Abstract Since its introduction in 1996, period analysis has been shown to be useful for deriving more up-to-date cancer survival estimates, and the method is now increasingly used for that purpose in national and international cancer survival studies. However, period analysis, like other commonly employed methods, is just a special case from a broad class of design options in the analysis of cancer survival data. Here, we explore a broader range of design options, including 2 model-based approaches, for deriving up-to-date estimates of 5- and 10-year relative survival for patients diagnosed in the most recent 5-year interval for which data are available. The performance of the various designs is evaluated empirically for 20 common forms of cancer using more than 50-year long time series of data from the Finnish Cancer Registry. Period analysis as well as the 2 model-based approaches, one using a "cohort-type model" and another using a "period-type model", all performed better than traditional cohort or complete analysis. Compared with "standard period analysis", the cohort-type model further increased up-to-dateness of survival estimates, whereas the period-type model increased their precision. While our analysis confirms advantages of period analysis over traditional methods in terms of up-to-dateness of cancer survival data, further improvements are possible by flexible use of model-based approaches. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Biological aggressiveness of prostate cancer in the Finnish screening trialINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER, Issue 3 2009Marita Laurila Abstract Prostate cancer aggressiveness was evaluated based on pathologic characterization of cases detected in the Finnish prostate cancer screening trial. The trial population consists of 80,458 men aged 55,67 years. A total of 32,000 men were randomized to the screening arm. The remaining 48,000 men formed the control arm. The interval cases and cancers among nonparticipants and in the control arm were identified from the Finnish Cancer Registry. Random samples were selected from screen-detected cases (126 of 543 in the first and 133 of 508 in the second round) and control arm cancers (133 out of 863), in addition to all 92 interval cancers and 106 cases among nonparticipants. All the biopsies were regraded according to the Gleason system. The expression of the proliferation antigen Ki-67 was determined in 479 cases (72%). More than half of the tumors diagnosed in the first round of screening were high-grade cancers (Gleason 7 or higher). In the second round, the proportion of low-grade cancers increased from 47% to 70%. Cancers in the screening arm were more commonly focal and fewer bilateral cancers were detected. The cancers among nonparticipants were the most aggressive group. The aggressiveness of the interval cancers was between the cancers detected in the first and the second round. Our results indicate that prostate cancers detected through screening are less biologically aggressive. This was most notable after the first screening round. Nonparticipants had more aggressive cancers. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Risks of cancer among a cohort of 23,935 men and women with osteoporosisINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER, Issue 8 2008Katherine A. McGlynn Abstract Low hormone levels among persons with osteoporosis may decrease risk of some cancers. Other osteoporosis risk factors, such as smoking and alcohol consumption, however, may increase risk. As these deleterious factors are more often associated with osteoporosis diagnosed prior to age 70 years, cancer risk may be higher in these younger persons than in the general population. To examine this hypothesis, a cohort study of 23,935 persons with osteoporosis was conducted in Denmark. Patients hospitalized with osteoporosis between 1978 and 1993 were identified in the Danish Inpatient Register. Linkage to the Danish Cancer Registry identified all cancer outcomes through 2003. Standardized incidence ratios (SIR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were calculated to compare cancer incidence in the cohort with that in the general population. Persons diagnosed prior to age 70 years were at increased cancer risk (women: SIR = 1.11, 95%CI = 1.04,1.19; men: SIR = 1.31, 95%CI = 1.13,1.50) due, in part, to increased risks of cancers of the buccal cavity, esophagus, liver, pancreas and lung. Persons diagnosed at ages 70 and older were at decreased risk (women: SIR = 0.91, 95%CI = 0.87,0.96; men: SIR = 0.89, 0.77,1.01) due, in part, to decreased risks of breast, endometrial, colon, rectal and brain cancers in women and prostate cancer in men. These results suggest that risk factors associated with earlier onset osteoporosis may be associated with increased risk of cancer. Conversely, factors associated with later onset osteoporosis may be related to a decreased risk of cancer. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Testicular cancer: Marked birth cohort effects on incidence and a decline in mortality in southern Netherlands since 1970INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER, Issue 3 2008Rob Verhoeven Abstract The aim of our study was to interpret the changing incidence, and to describe the mortality of patients with testicular cancer in the south of the Netherlands between 1970 and 2004. On the basis of data from the Eindhoven Cancer Registry and Statistics Netherlands, 5-year moving average standardised incidence and mortality rates were calculated. An age-period-cohort (APC) Poisson regression analysis was performed to disentangle time and birth cohort effects on incidence. The incidence rate remained stable for all ages at about 3 per 100,000 person-years until 1989 but increased annually thereafter by 4% to 6 in 2004. This increase can almost completely be attributed to an increase in localised tumours. The largest increase was found for seminoma testicular cancer (TC) patients aged 35,39 and non-seminoma TC patients aged 20,24 years. Relatively more localised and tumours with lymph node metastases were detected in the later periods. APC analysis showed the best fit with an age-cohort model. An increase in incidence of TC was found for birth cohorts since 1950. The mortality rate dropped from 1.0 per 100,000 person-years in 1970 to 0.3 in 2005, with a steep annual decline of 12% in the period 1979,1986. In conclusion, the increase in incidence of TC was strongly correlated with birth cohorts since 1945. The increase in incidence is possibly caused by in utero or early life exposure to a yet unknown risk factor. There was a steep decline in mortality in the period 1979,1986. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Cancer survival in Germany and the United States at the beginning of the 21st century: An up-to-date comparison by period analysisINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER, Issue 2 2007Adam Gondos Abstract Transatlantic cancer survival comparisons are scarce and involve mostly aggregate European data from the late 1980s. We compare the levels of cancer patient survival achieved in Germany and the United States (US) by the beginning of the 21st century, using data from the Cancer Registry of Saarland/Germany and the SEER Program of the US. Age-adjusted 5- and 10-year relative survival for 23 common forms of cancer derived by period analysis for the 2000,2002 period were calculated, with additional detailed age- and stage-specific analyses for cancers with the highest incidence. Among the 23 cancer sites, 5 (10) year relative survival was significantly higher for 1 (2) and 8 (5) cancers in Germany and the US, respectively. In Germany, survival was significantly higher for patients with stomach cancer, whereas survival was higher in the US for patients with breast, cervical, prostate, colorectal and oral cavity cancer. Among the most common cancers, age-specific survival differences were particularly pronounced for older patients with breast, colorectal and prostate cancer. Survival advantages of breast cancer patients in the US were mainly due to more favorable stage distributions. This comprehensive survival comparison between Germany and the US suggests that although survival was similar for the majority of the compared cancer sites, long-term prognosis of patients continues to be better in the US for many of the most common forms of cancer. Among these, differences between patients with breast and prostate cancer are probably due to more intensive screening activities. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and the risk of developing breast cancer in a population-based prospective cohort study in Washington County, MDINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER, Issue 1 2007Lisa Gallicchio Abstract The objective of this study was to examine the association between nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use and the development of breast cancer, and to assess whether this association differed by estrogen receptor (ER) subtype. Data were analyzed from 15,651 women participating in CLUE II, a cohort study initiated in 1989 in Washington County, MD. Medication data were collected at baseline in 1989 and in 1996. Incident cases of invasive breast cancer occurring from baseline to March 27, 2006 were identified through linkage of cohort participants with the Washington County Cancer Registry and the Maryland State Cancer Registry. Cox proportional hazards modeling was used to calculate the risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for breast cancer associated with medication use. Among women in the CLUE II cohort, 418 invasive breast cancer cases were identified during the follow-up period. The results showed that self-reported use of NSAIDs in both 1989 and in 1996 was associated with a 50% reduction in the risk of developing invasive breast cancer compared with no NSAID use in either 1989 or 1996 (RR = 0.50; 95% CI 0.28, 0.91). The protective association between NSAID use and the risk of developing breast cancer was consistent among ER-positive and ER-negative breast cancers, although only the RR for ER-positive breast cancer was statistically significant. Overall, findings from this study indicate that NSAID use is associated with a decrease in breast cancer risk and that the reduction in risk is similar for ER-positive and ER-negative tumors. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Recent trends in breast cancer incidence among 6 Asian groups in the Greater Bay Area of Northern California,INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER, Issue 6 2007Theresa H.M. Keegan Abstract Asians and Pacific Islanders are typically aggregated in United States (US) cancer statistics even though the few studies that have considered subgroups separately have found marked differences in cancer incidence. The objective of this study was to evaluate trends in breast cancer incidence rates separately for US Chinese, Japanese, Filipino, Korean, South Asian and Vietnamese women overall and by age at diagnosis, histologic subtype and stage at diagnosis. Age-adjusted incidence rates and annual percent changes (APC) of new, primary breast cancer diagnosed in the Greater Bay Area Cancer Registry of Northern California (1990,2002) were calculated using SEER*Stat. In women under 50 years of age, annual incidence rates decreased for Japanese (APC = ,4.1, p = 0.02) and Filipinas (APC = ,1.9, p = 0.11), and increased or fluctuated in other subgroups over the study period. In women 50 years or older, rates of invasive breast cancer increased for most subgroups, except Filipinas (APC = ,1.3, p = 0.32), and in Japanese until 1998,2000. Rates of breast cancer in situ increased in most subgroups from 1990 to 2002, as did rates of lobular breast cancer for Chinese (APC = +7.46, p < 0.01) women. In Japanese women, rates of lobular breast cancer were highest in 1995,1997 and decreased thereafter. Our data support the notion that the prevalence of established risk factors influence breast cancer incidence, as breast cancer rates increased for more recently immigrated groups and decreased among more established groups, and may suggest leads into other avenues of research, such as genetic differences, that may explain differences in incidence rates among Asian subgroups. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Incidence of bone and soft tissue sarcoma after radiotherapy: A cohort study of 295,712 Finnish cancer patientsINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER, Issue 4 2006Anna Virtanen Abstract Radiotherapy is commonly used for treatment of malignant disease. As a consequence of radiotherapy, an increased risk of developing a second malignant neoplasm has been shown. However, little is known about the effects of radiation on developing sarcoma. The aim of this study was to examine the risk of developing a bone or soft tissue sarcoma after radiotherapy for a first primary cancer. The study population included all the patients with primary cancers of breast, cervix uteri, corpus uteri, lung, ovary, prostate, rectum and lymphoma diagnosed during 1953,2000 and identified from the Finnish Cancer Registry. Patients were followed up for subsequent sarcomas. The follow-up yielded 1.5 million person-years at risk and 147 sarcomas. Compared to the national incidence rates, after 10 years of follow-up sarcoma risk was increased among patients who had received neither radiotherapy nor chemotherapy (standardised incidence ratio (SIR) 2.0, 95% CI 1.3,3.0), radiotherapy without chemotherapy (SIR 3.2, 95% CI 2.3,4.3), chemotherapy without radiotherapy (SIR 4.9, 95% CI 1.0,14.4), as well as combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy (SIR 3.4, 95% CI 0.4,12.5). For radiotherapy in ages below 55 the SIR was 4.2 (95% CI 2.9,5.8). In the adjusted regression analysis the rate ratio was 1.5 (95% CI 0.9,2.6) for the radiotherapy group. In conclusion, radiotherapy appears to be associated with an increased risk of developing sarcoma especially among younger patients. Further investigation is needed to clarify the dose,response of the preceding ionizing radiation. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Pigmentary characteristics and moles in relation to melanoma riskINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER, Issue 1 2005Linda Titus-Ernstoff Abstract Although benign and atypical moles are considered key melanoma risk factors, previous studies of their influence were small and/or institution-based. We conducted a population-based case-control study in the state of New Hampshire. Individuals of ages 20,69 with an incident diagnosis of first primary cutaneous melanoma were ascertained through the New Hampshire State Cancer Registry. Controls were identified through New Hampshire driver's license lists and frequency-matched by age and gender to cases. We interviewed 423 eligible cases and 678 eligible controls. Host characteristics, including mole counts, were evaluated using logistic regression analyses. Our results showed that pigmentary factors, including eye color (OR = 1.57 for blue eyes compared to brown), hair color (OR = 1.85 for blonde/red hair color compared to brown/black), freckles before age 15 (OR = 2.39 for freckles present compared to absent) and sun sensitivity (OR = 2.25 for peeling sunburn followed by no tan or a light tan and 2.42 for sunburn followed by tan compared to tanning immediately), were related to melanoma risk; these associations held after adjustment for sun-related factors and for moles. In analyses confined to skin examination participants, the covariate-adjusted effects of benign and atypical moles were moderately strong. Compared to 0,4 benign moles, risk increased steadily for 5,14 moles (OR = 1.71), 15,24 moles (OR = 3.55) and , 25 moles (OR = 4.33). Risk also increased with the number of atypical moles; compared to none, the ORs for having 1, 2,3, or , 4 atypical moles were 2.08, 1.84 and 3.80, respectively. Although risk was highest for those with multiple benign and atypical moles, the interaction was not of statistical significance. Our findings, arising from the first population- and incidence-based study to evaluate atypical moles in relation to melanoma risk, confirm the importance of host susceptibility, represented by pigmentary factors and the tendency to develop benign or atypical moles, in the etiology of this disease. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Reduced risk of prostate cancer in men who are childless as compared to those who have fathered a child: A population based case-control studyINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER, Issue 6 2005Aleksander Giwercman Abstract Androgens are believed to play a major role in the etiology of prostate cancer, but studies of sex-hormone exposure in relation to risk for prostate cancer have been inconclusive. Male fertility may be an indicator of long-term androgen status. To study the role of testicular function in prostate cancer development, we have assessed number of biological children in relation to risk for this malignancy. We carried out a population-based case-control study with retrospective ascertainment of cases occurring in Sweden between 1958,98. In total, 48,850 cases of prostate cancer were identified through the nation-wide Cancer Registry. For each case, one control, matched by year of birth, was randomly selected from the Swedish population. Information on offspring was obtained from the Swedish Multi-Generation Registry. We estimated odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association between number of offspring and risk for subsequent prostate cancer. Being childless or having fathered one child only were associated with reduced risks for prostate cancer compared to having fathered 2 or more children (OR = 0.83; 95% CI = 0.81,0.86 and OR = 0.93; 95% CI = 0.90,0.96, respectively). There was no further change in risk associated with fathering of more than 2 children. The risk for prostate cancer is reduced among childless men. A dysfunctioning reproductive apparatus fueling to a lesser extent prostatic growth, could be a plausible mechanism of this association. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Prospective study on the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma among hepatitis C virus-positive blood donors focusing on demographic factors, alanine aminotransferase level at donation and interaction with hepatitis B virusINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER, Issue 6 2004Hideo Tanaka Abstract The risk for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) among asymptomatic hepatitis C virus (HCV) carriers is not well understood. A community-based prospective study was conducted for over 8 years by record linkage to the Osaka Cancer Registry. The subjects were 1,927 individuals who were positive for anti-HCV through screening for second-generation HCV antibody (passive hemagglutination assay: , 212) in voluntary blood donation. The risk factors for HCC and interaction between HCV and hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection were evaluated by including additional blood donors: 2,519 individuals positive for hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) alone, 25 positive for both anti-HCV and HBsAg, 150,379 negative for both anti-HCV and HBsAg. The incidence of HCC (/105 person-years) among the HCV-positive individuals increased with age in both genders, ranging from 68 to 1,306 among those aged 45,74 years. In the HCV-positive individuals, the cumulative risk of developing HCC between the ages of 40 and 74 year was 21.6% among males and 8.7% among females. A stepwise increase in risk was noted as the serum alanine aminotransferase level increased or serum cholesterol level at baseline decreased in multivariate Cox proportional hazard analysis. The 9-year cumulative incidence of HCC among individuals positive for HCV alone, those positive for HBsAg alone and those positive for both was 3.0%, 2.0% and 12.0%, respectively. The age-and-sex-adjusted rate ratio was 126, 102 and 572, respectively, when those negative for both were used as a reference. The results demonstrate an increased risk for HCC among asymptomatic HCV-positive individuals in Japan. Coinfection with HBV and HCV carried a superadditive risk for HCC. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Cancer incidence patterns among Vietnamese in the United States and Ha Noi, Vietnam,INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER, Issue 4 2002Gem M. Le Abstract Nearly 600,000 persons have immigrated to the United States from Vietnam since the end of the Vietnam War. Despite the rapid growth of the U.S. Vietnamese population, little is known about cancer incidence in this migrant group. Using population-based data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results program, California Cancer Registry and International Agency for Research on Cancer, we compared cancer incidence rates for Vietnamese in the United States (1988,1992) to rates for residents of Ha Noi, Vietnam (1991,1993); non-Hispanic whites were included to serve as the U.S. reference rates. Lung and breast cancers were the most common among Vietnamese males and females, respectively, regardless of geographic region. Rates of cancers more common to U.S. whites, such as breast, prostate and colon cancers, were elevated for U.S. Vietnamese compared to residents in Ha Noi but still lower than rates for U.S. whites. Rates of cancers more common to Asian countries, such as stomach, liver, lung and cervical cancers, were likewise elevated for U.S. Vietnamese compared to residents of Ha Noi and exceeded corresponding rates for whites. Incidence patterns for stomach, liver, lung and cervical cancers may reflect increased risk of exposures in this migrant population and should be further explored to uncover the relative contributions of environmental and genetic factors to cancer etiology. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] The effect of economic deprivation on oesophageal and gastric cancer in a UK cancer networkINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PRACTICE, Issue 6 2009J. A. Gossage Summary Aims:, The National Health Service (NHS) Cancer Plan aims to eliminate economic inequalities in healthcare provision and cancer outcomes. This study examined the influence of economic status upon the incidence, access to treatment and survival from oesophageal and gastric cancer in a single UK cancer network. Methodology:, A total of 3619 patients diagnosed with either oesophageal or gastric cancer in a London Cancer Network (population = 1.48 million) were identified from the Thames Cancer Registry (1993,2002). Patients were ranked into economic quintiles using the income domain of the Multiple Index of Deprivation. Statistical analysis was performed using a ,2 test. Survival analysis was performed using a Cox's proportional hazards model. Results:, Between 1993,1995 and 2000,2002, the incidence of oesophageal cancer in the most affluent males rose by 51% compared with a 2% rise in the least affluent males. The incidence of gastric cancer in most affluent males between 1993,1995 and 2000,2002 fell by 32% compared with a 7% fall in the least affluent males. These changes were less marked in females. Economic deprivation had no effect on the proportion of patients undergoing either resectional surgery or chemotherapy; the least affluent oesophageal cancer patients with a higher incidence of squamous cell carcinoma received significantly more radiotherapy. Economic deprivation had no effect upon survival for either oesophageal or gastric cancer. Conclusions:, There has been an increase in oesophageal cancer and a decrease in gastric cancer incidence among more affluent males in the last 10 years. Economic status did not appear to influence access to treatment or survival. [source] Validity of sonographic screening for the detection of abdominal cancersJOURNAL OF CLINICAL ULTRASOUND, Issue 7 2002Yoshihiro Mizuma MD Abstract Purpose This study assessed the prevalence of abdominal cancers and the validity of sonographic screening for abdominal cancers in an asymptomatic population. Methods We investigated the findings of the first sonographic screening of 16,024 residents of Osaka Prefecture. A comparison of records was carried out between the list of those screened and the Osaka Cancer Registry to identify false-negative results of our screening. Results The rate of subjects who required further testing after screening was 4.76% (762/16,024). Eleven of the 762 subjects with a positive sonographic screening study had abdominal cancers detected on further testing. Three subjects had false-negative screening results. The positive predictive value of sonographic screening was 1.4% (11/762), and the rate of screening-detected cancers was 0.069% (11/16,024). The prevalence of abdominal cancers was 0.087% (14/16,024), the sensitivity of screening sonography for the detection of abdominal cancers was 78.6% (11/14), and the specificity was 95.3% (15,259/16,010). Seven of 11 screening-detected cancers were resected curatively, and 6 of these patients are still alive. Five of these 6 cancers were renal cell carcinomas. Conclusions The sensitivity of screening sonography was relatively high and the specificity was sufficient among our asymptomatic population. The present study suggests that the target organ for sonographic screening to detect curable cancers should be the kidneys. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 30:408,415, 2002 [source] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||