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Cables
Kinds of Cables Selected AbstractsChange to Strange: Create a Great Organization by Building a Strange Workforce by Daniel M. CablePERSONNEL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 3 2008Article first published online: 3 SEP 200 No abstract is available for this article. [source] [AuGe18{Si(SiMe3)3}6] - : A Soluble Au,Ge Cluster on the Way to a Molecular Cable?CHEMINFORM, Issue 37 2007Christian Schenk Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF. [source] Concentric Sub-micrometer-Sized Cables Composed of Ni Nanowires and Sub-micrometer-Sized Fullerene Tubes,ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS, Issue 7 2007F. Tao Abstract Highly ordered arrays of submicrometer-sized coaxial cables composed of submicrometer-sized C60 and C70 tubes filled with Ni nanowires are successfully prepared by combining a sol,gel method with an electrodeposition process. The wall thickness of the submicrometer-sized tubes can be adjusted by the concentration of fullerenes and the immersion time. The thermal stability of the submicrometer-sized C60 tubes is studied by Raman spectroscopy and it is found that these structures can be easily decomposed to form carbon nanotubes at relatively low temperatures (above 573,K) in an alumina template. These novel coaxial cable structures have been characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution TEM (HRTEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), field-emission SEM (FESEM), Raman spectroscopy, elemental mapping, energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) experiments, and superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) measurements. Magnetic measurements show that these submicrometer-sized cables exhibit enhanced ferromagnetic behavior as compared to bulk nickel. Moreover, submicrometer-sized C70/Ni cables show uniaxial magnetic anisotropy with the easy magnetic axis being parallel to the long axis of the Ni nanowires. C70/Ni cables also exhibit a new magnetic transition at ca.,10,K in the magnetization,temperature (M,T) curve, which is not observed for the analogous C60/Ni structures. The origin of this transition is not yet clear, but might be related to interactions between the Ni nanowires and C70 molecules. There is no preferred magnetization axis in submicrometer-sized C60/Ni cables, which implies that the Ni nanocrystals have different packing modes in the two composites. These different crystalline packing modes lead to different magnetic anisotropy in the two composites, although the Ni nanocrystals have the same face-centered cubic (fcc) structure in both cases. [source] Flame retardancy of nanocomposites based on organoclays and carbon nanotubes with aluminium trihydrate,POLYMERS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES, Issue 4 2006Günter Beyer Abstract The addition of aluminium trihydrate as a microfiller to organoclays or carbon nanotubes is essential to generate nanocomposites with sufficient flame retardant properties as requested by the industry. Cables using the combination of organoclays or carbon nanotubes and aluminium trihydrate demonstrate the applications of these nanocomposites as a new concept for flame retardancy. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Numerical Methods to Simulate and Visualize Detailed Crane ActivitiesCOMPUTER-AIDED CIVIL AND INFRASTRUCTURE ENGINEERING, Issue 3 2009Shih-Chung Kang One major consideration for virtual construction is the simulation of the operation of construction equipment for a construction project. This research specifically focuses on developing a mathematical model to support the simulation and visualization of cranes, the most critical equipment in terms of project controls. This model is composed of two submodels,a kinematics model and a dynamic model. The kinematics model is to present the crane components controlled by the operators. The dynamic model is to present the dynamic behavior in suspended system (including the cable and rigging object), which cannot be controlled directly by the operators. To verify the feasibility of these methods, a computer program that simulates and visualizes detailed crane activities was developed. This program supports the real-time visualization of crane activities with high degree of reality accuracy and also, enables the detailed simulation of long-term construction projects. [source] Three-dimensional behavior of a spherical self-centering precast prestressed pile isolatorEARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING AND STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS, Issue 5 2009Rosita Jünemann Abstract A 3D analytical formulation of a precast prestressed pile (PPP) seismic isolator with top and bottom spherical rolling kinematic constraints is proposed. The PPP isolator was initially conceived as a low-cost seismic isolation (and foundation) system for housing units of low-income people. Since these structures are usually located at sites with poor soil conditions, the PPP isolator also works as a foundation pile by connecting the superstructure with more competent soil layers. The non-holonomic nature of the rolling constraint is dealt with by a structural formulation. The proposed 3D formulation is validated by numerical results obtained from a previously proposed formulation for the 2D problem, and a contact finite element model in ANSYS (www.ansys.com). Other issues associated with the dynamic response of isolated structures with the PPP are also examined, such as expected response reductions, variation in the axial force of the central prestressed cable, and torsional response amplifications. Finally, guidelines to estimate the actual 3D response using 2D analysis results are investigated. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] A Declaration of IndependenceECONOMIC AFFAIRS, Issue 4 2000David Graham Television was a true mass medium, its ,classic' output located within the concerns and lives of ordinary people. Television was also the amphitheatre of the nation, in which great events were played out. As a result of its massive power, regulation was imposed on it. By the 1970s, the unitary power of national channels was beginning to break down, first with the arrival of the VCR, then with satellite and cable. Along with this, came a growing separation of the broadcasting from the creative or programme making function driven by ,independent' producers. This divergence is now being hastened by the end of ,spectrum scarcity'. Creative companies and teams will strive to control their work and share in the rewards of their success in a way that will create a very different kind of entertainment industry in the 21st Century. [source] Comparison between objective and subjective measurements of quality of service over an Optical Wide Area networkEUROPEAN TRANSACTIONS ON TELECOMMUNICATIONS, Issue 3 2008Francesco Matera The introduction of intelligence for management and control of the quality of service (QoS) are key issues for the evolution of the next generation IP optical network based on Ethernet technology. A test bed of a core-access network was implemented to investigate such issues and in this paper, the authors report measurements concerning the QoS of multimedia services for different traffic conditions. The network was implemented with a differentiated service over Multi-Protocol Label Switch (MPLS) architecture; it consists of a real optical network based on core routers with optical Gigabit Ethernet (GBE) interfaces connected by means of long single mode fibres (about 50\,km), contained in an installed cable between Rome and Pomezia. The network is based on different access devices, but in this paper we only refer to an access based on Fibre To The building (FTTB) architecture. The QoS was investigated both in terms of network (or objective) tests that include packet loss, jitter, one way delay and throughput measurements and perceptive (or subjective) tests that conversely are based on the evaluation of user perception. The services under test mainly consisted of video streams that circulated in the network according to the switching operations based in the IP differentiated service over MPLS technique that allowed us to guarantee the QoS for some class of service, also in the presence of network overload. Particular attention was given to the correlation between objective and subjective measurements. Furthermore, in order to have a complete analysis about QoS of real networks, measurements were performed also in the presence of restoration operations for link failures; in particular we compare the results in the case of conventional IP network restoration with a procedure proposed by us and based on a link switching activated by the loss of signal command coming from the routers. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] A Waveguide-Like Effect Observed in Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube BundlesADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS, Issue 14 2010Shengyong Xu Abstract The delay time of nanosecond electromagnetic pulses is measured in multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) bundles and copper wires, with a length of up to 3,cm, as compared with that in standard coaxial cables of the same lengths. Under certain configurations, when the Cu core of a coaxial cable is replaced with a MWCNT bundle of the same length, the measured delay time of a pulsed signal is shortened. The difference between the delay time measured for a device with a Cu core and that of a device with a MWCNT bundle of the same length increases with the length of the samples. The results imply that, compared with Cu wires, MWCNT bundles may be more efficient in guiding the transmission of high-frequency signals along their longitudinal axis, showing a waveguide-like effect. [source] Detailed determination of smoke gas contents using a small-scale controlled equivalence ratio tube furnace methodFIRE AND MATERIALS, Issue 8 2007Per Blomqvist Abstract A series of tests including seven different materials and products have been conducted using a controlled equivalence ratio tube furnace test method. The main objective of the tests was to determine yields of fire-generated products at defined combustion conditions. The tube furnace test method was set up and run in close agreement with that described in BS 7990:2003. At the time of experimental work the new tube furnace method was in the process of becoming an international standard. It was thus of interest to make an assessment of the capability of the method for determining production yields of important toxic fire products from different types of materials and products. The test series included solid wood, flexible polyurethane (PUR), fire-retarded rigid PUR, a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) carpet, a high-performance data cable with fluorine-containing polymer matrix, a PVC-based cable sheathing material and fire-retarded polyethylene cable insulation material. Duplicate tests were generally conducted at both well-ventilated and vitiated combustion conditions with these materials. The smoke gases produced from the combustion were quantified for inorganic gases by FTIR technique in all tests. A more detailed analysis of the smoke gases was conducted for some of the materials. This extended analysis contained a detailed assessment of organic compounds including, e.g. volatile organic compounds, isocyanates, aldehydes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The analysis further included measurement of the size distribution of fire-generated particles for some of the materials. The quantification of toxic inorganic gases produced by combustion at both well-ventilated and vitiated conditions was successful regarding repeatability and stability. Typical yields for the two fire stages investigated were determined for a wide range of materials and products. The detailed analysis of organic compounds further corroborated that the new tube furnace method can replicate defined combustion conditions. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] The effect of accelerated ageing of building wiresFIRE AND MATERIALS, Issue 5 2007Viktor Emanuelsson Abstract The fire performance of two electric cables (building wires) designed for indoor use has been tested, both as new products and after accelerated thermooxidative ageing. The cables were aged for a maximum time of 16.5 weeks at 80°C. The cables are commercially available, and were constructed using a PVC material in one case and a non-halogenated polyolefin-based material, called Casico, in the other. The effects of ageing on the fire performance of the cables, and the chemical changes that have caused the observed fire behaviour, have been investigated and are discussed. Special attention is paid to the behaviour of the plasticizers that are used in the PVC cable, and how the fire behaviour is affected by the loss of plasticizers from the cable and by the migration of plasticizers between the parts of the cable (insulation, bedding and sheathing). Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Screening of plenum cables using a small-scale fire test protocolFIRE AND MATERIALS, Issue 1 2006Mohammed M. Khan Abstract The extent of flame propagation of electric cables in the FM Global intermediate-scale parallel panel test (PPT) using a 60 kW sand burner has been correlated with a dimensional fire propagation index (FPI,)[(m/s1/2)/(kW/m)2/3] derived from ignition and vertical propagation tests in small-scale ASTM E-2058 Fire Propagation Apparatus (FPA). Two distinct types of fire behavior were observed in the PPT. The cables that did not propagate beyond the vicinity of the ignition burner flames have a FPI equal to or less than 7 [(m/s1/2)/(kW/m)2/3], whereas cables that propagated to the top of the 4.9 m parallel panels had a FPI equal to or greater than 14 [(m/s1/2)/(kW/m)2/3]. All the plenum rated (Ul-910 or NFPA 262 tested) cables tested in this study did not exhibit flame propagation in the PPT, had FPI values of 7 [(m/s1/2)/(kW/m)2/3] or less and generated considerably lower smoke than those cables that propagated in the PPT. Based on this study, it is suggested that FPI measured in ASTM E-2058 FPA may be used for screening cables for UL-910 or NFPA262 tests, thus requiring substantially less cable to be supplied for testing. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Earth's magnetic field: ocean current contributions to vertical profiles in deep oceansGEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL, Issue 1 2001F. E. M. (Ted) Lilley SUMMARY The Earth's main magnetic field, arising in the core, should, in the ocean, have a well-defined uniform gradient with depth. Superimposed upon this uniform gradient may be magnetic signals due to a variety of sources. These include crustal magnetization, the transient fluctuations arising external to the Earth and causing secondary induced fields within it; and, the focus of the present paper, magnetic signals arising from the motional induction of seawater moving in the steady main magnetic field of Earth. There are circumstances where theory predicts such motionally-induced magnetic fields to be of order 102 nT, and to vary with depth in a way which is directly related to the velocity profile. Exploratory soundings of the magnetic field with depth have been made in the oceans around Australia, both to test these predictions, and to investigate the practicability of measuring such profiles. The magnetic field parameter observed has been that of the ,total field', which should sense the component of the ocean velocity which lies in the magnetic meridian. The magnetometer has been lowered by cable from a ship and also operated free-fall to the seafloor (and return). The observations appear both to confirm the theoretical gradient of the main field where there is no ocean current and, where ocean currents exist, to give evidence of their profiles resolved in the direction of magnetic north. In particular, observations taken in an eddy of the East Australian Current show the correct contrast in sign for north and south flowing streams. [source] The Trans-Tasman Cable, the Australasian Bridgehead and Imperial HistoryHISTORY COMPASS (ELECTRONIC), Issue 3 2008James Smithies The extension of the ,All Red' telegraph network to Australia and New Zealand during the 1870s greatly enhanced communication between the centre and periphery, consolidating British imperial expansion and offering the Australasian colonies the opportunity to engage more fully in imperial affairs. For contemporaries, the Trans-Tasman cable between Australia and New Zealand provided the final link in a grand imperial chain of communications, which promised to bolster their significance in world affairs and offset the cultural isolation which appeared to be stifling their development. The cable represented an essential bond between the furthest-flung imperial ,bridgehead' (John Darwin) and the cultural and strategic centre of London. In real terms, however, the promises of the new technology of submarine telegraphy failed to live up to expectations. Although quickly integrated into New Zealanders' dawning cultural nationalist myth, the cable was expensive and underused for many years. Its real significance lies in its symbolic power as a symbol of imperial expansion, and as a case study in the vagaries of technology transfer. [source] Recent Activities of HTS Power Application in KoreaINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED CERAMIC TECHNOLOGY, Issue 3 2007Minwon Park From April 2007, DAPAS (Development of the Advanced Power system by Applied Superconductivity technologies), which is a 10-year-long program, entered the final phase with 4 years. For the last 7 years, the significant achievement of DAPAS is that a 10 m long and 100 A critical current-coated conductor and core technologies of distribution line voltage class HTS power systems including cables, transformers, fault current limiters (FCLs), and motors have been developed. In particular, a 100 m length HTS power cable was installed and is operating well in the Gochang power system test center. Two different types of FCL were successfully developed and demonstrated very good results of fault current test with 22.9 kV distribution line voltage class. In the case of the HTS motor, it was well operated too on connecting to 2 units of a 1.1 MVA conventional induction motor each as a load. In addition, the coated conductor project team achieved a 30 m length and 185 A critical current-coated conductor tape after 6 months since the hardware was set up. [source] Practical performance of digital cellular system in mass rapid transit environmentsINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS, Issue 2 2005Y. P. ZhangArticle first published online: 13 DEC 200 Abstract Leaky coaxial cables have found applications in the creation of network infrastructures for mobile and personal communication services in underground and enclosed spaces. A digital cellular system based on the GSM 900 standard and using radiated mode leaky coaxial cables has been implemented in an underground mass rapid transit environment. This paper presents the practical performance evaluation of the system. First, we start with a brief introduction of a radiated mode leaky coaxial cable and the digital cellular system GSM 900, and then we move into a full description of the measurement campaign; next we focus on an analysis of the measured performance data about received signal level, received signal quality, speech quality index and grade of service. The results show that the system performance is generally good; however, the poor system performance often occurs at the terminals of the leaky coaxial cable. In addition, it is found that the system performance is highly correlated with the density of train passenger. The higher train passenger density degrades the system performance. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Innovation and operation with robotized underwater systemsJOURNAL OF FIELD ROBOTICS (FORMERLY JOURNAL OF ROBOTIC SYSTEMS), Issue 6 2007Vincent Rigaud This paper reports on the status and design of the operational remotely operated vehicle "Victor 6000", rated for 6000 m depth and of the 3000 m depth autonomous underwater vehicle "Asterxx" operated by Ifremer the French Institute for Sea Exploitation. Victor 6000 is part of a global system built of subsystems, "scientific modules," winch and cable, dead weight and umbilical, positioning subsystem using acoustic ultra short base line (USBL) techniques, and software for data and dive management. In 2005 the system was equipped with a second toolsled dedicated to high resolution mapping of the sea bed, with both acoustical and optical devices. Asterxx, the first autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) developed by IFREMER, is 4.5 m in length with a diameter of 0.69 m. Depending on the payload, its weight is between 600 and 800 kg in air,with a diving depth of 3000 m. Its cruising speed is between 0.5 and 2.5 ms. The AUV is capable of carrying various payloads for a wide spectrum of applications. The vehicle can cruise up to 100 km. For coastal applications this vehicle is operable by a limited crew potentially from a nonspecialized vessel. Both vehicles are used for oceanography as well as to continually evolve underwater systems to address new scientific challenges. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [source] Forensic Characteristics of Suicide by Electrocution in BulgariaJOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES, Issue 3 2009William Dokov M.D. Abstract:, Suicides by electrocution (SE) are relatively rare and insufficiently studied. The purpose of this study is to present a more detailed picture of SE in Bulgaria. Forensic medical files of 59 SE cases were examined. spss 11.0 software was applied to produce the descriptive statistical analyses. Values of p < 0.05 were assumed to be statistically significant. We studied 59 SE cases, which account for 6.24% of all deaths by electrocution and 0.09% of all forensic autopsies. The average age of victims was 45.19 years old. Males prevailed: 91.53%. Children below 18 years old accounted for 3.39%. 42.37% of the victims applied low voltage (<220 V), and 33.99% applied high voltage (>220 V). The preferred method of SE was by direct contact victim/electrical cable: 47.45%. The summer months June through September account for 49.15% of all cases. [source] A dual-band antenna with coplanar ring and patchMICROWAVE AND OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY LETTERS, Issue 9 2006The Nan Chang Abstract In this paper, a coplanar ring and patch antenna for dual-band operation is presented. The patch is placed inside a rectangular ring. A coupling strip located in between the rectangular ring and the patch is used to excite them through a 50-, coaxial cable. The proposed antenna was built on a two-layer (FR4 and air) substrate with an area of 28 mm by 28 mm designed for WLAN in 2.4- and 5.2-GHz bands. The size of the conducting ground plane is 65 mm by 65 mm. It has a gain of about 5 dBi for both frequencies. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 48: 1785,1789, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21801 [source] Capacitance of axially slotted coaxial cableMICROWAVE AND OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY LETTERS, Issue 4 2006Dong H. Kim Abstract The electrostatic potential problem of an axially slotted coaxial cable is solved. A mode-matching technique is used to obtain a set of simultaneous equations for the modal coefficients. The behavior of electrostatic potential distribution and capacitance is presented in terms of slotted coaxial cable geometries. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 48: 825,827, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21486 [source] Assessment of Noise in Digital ElectrocardiogramsPACING AND CLINICAL ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY, Issue 4 2002VELISLAV BATCHVAROV BATCHVAROV, V., et al.: Assessment of Noise in Digital Electrocardiograms. Technically related noise in 12-lead ECGs recorded with ambulatory recorders has never been systematically compared with that in ECGs recorded with conventional ECGs. This study compared serial 10-second ECGs obtained in ten healthy men, age 22,45 years, who were recorded in the supine resting position using a (1) MAC VU recorder, (2) digital ambulatory SEER MC recorder with a Multi-Link detachable ECG cable, and (3) digital ambulatory SEER MC recorder with a light ambulatory ECG cable. In each ECG, averaged sinus rhythm cycles of the entire recording were realigned with the native signal and subtracted. The resulting "residuum" was quantified by computing its standard deviation and root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD). While the RMSSD residuum values were significantly lower with the MAC VU recorder (6.27 ± 0.98 ,V) than with the SEER MC recorder with either ECG cables (7.29 ± 1.31 and 7.17 ± 1.31 ,V, P < 0.003 and p < 0.02), the difference was practically negligible and there was no detectable difference in the standard deviation residuum values. The study concludes that valid ECG investigations of serial ECG testing may be conducted using the ambulatory SEER MC recorders providing the biological sources of ECG noise are controlled. The available technology for noise assessment suggests that studies involving advanced analysis of serial ECGs (e.g., of drug related changes), should incorporate objective characterisation of ECG quality. [source] Efficient nanocoax-based solar cellsPHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI - RAPID RESEARCH LETTERS, Issue 7 2010M. J. Naughton Abstract The power conversion efficiency of most thin film solar cells is compromised by competing optical and electronic constraints, wherein a cell must be thick enough to collect light yet thin enough to efficiently extract current. Here, we introduce a nanoscale solar architecture inspired by a well-known radio technology concept, the coaxial cable, that naturally resolves this "thick,thin" conundrum. Optically thick and elec- tronically thin amorphous silicon "nanocoax" cells are in the range of 8% efficiency, higher than any nanostructured thin film solar cell to date. Moreover, the thin nature of the cells reduces the Staebler,Wronski light-induced degradation effect, a major problem with conventional solar cells of this type. This nanocoax represents a new platform for low cost, high efficiency solar power. (© 2010 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) [source] Nondestructive testing of polyaramide cables by longitudinal wave propagation: Study of the dynamic modulusPOLYMER ENGINEERING & SCIENCE, Issue 7 2000M. Ferreira It has been observed that cables at different states of fatigue had their own speed of longitudinal propagation of acoustic waves (1). This speed can be measured with piezoelectric captors and is proportional to the square root of the sonic modulus. Our experiments, which have been carried out on Technora cables of diameter 2 mm, show that the modulus obtained from the wave speed has the same behavior in fatigue as the modulus obtained from tensile tests. Furthermore, our experiments also show that the residual strength in the cable is proportional to the modulus. A nondestructive control of cables can hence be made from these sonic modulus measurements. [source] Separation, size reduction, and processing of XLPE from electrical transmission and distribution cablePOLYMER ENGINEERING & SCIENCE, Issue 4 2000C. C. White The recycling of power transmission cable insulated with crosslinked PE (XLPE) was investigated by using different methods of separation and reprocessing. Separation was attempted by thermo-chemical, thermo-mechanical and microwave-mechanical means, the latter being the most successful. A mechanism encompassing all of these was formulated. Compression molding, extrusion, and injection molding with and without preheating of the material were also investigated. It was found that by preheating the XLPE and injection molding under high injection pressure, the neat XLPE could be formed into shapes with tensile strengths equal to that of the original insulation. In view of available observations, possible mechanisms for the flow and reconsolidation of XLPE crumb are proposed and discussed. [source] Application of a revised cable theory to Rain-Wind-induced vibrationsPROCEEDINGS IN APPLIED MATHEMATICS & MECHANICS, Issue 1 2009T. Gilow Simultaneous occurrence of rain and wind can lead to vibrations with large amplitudes of inclined cables and hangers of arch bridges. These motion-induced vibrations are usually described with models based on the strip theory, or on the cable theory which is the best developed model [1]. The own solution concept derives complete nonlinear cable equations being mechanical equal to those known in literature but with a significant more simple structure by using longitudinal Green's strains and non-physical cable forces. The nonlinear effects of wind and rain forces are included. As an example of application a cable of the Erasmus bridge in Rotterdam (NL) will be analyzed. The own results are compared with the vibration amplitudes in the literature and with observations. (© 2009 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) [source] Effects of dynamic loads acting on carrying cable in operating ropewayPROCEEDINGS IN APPLIED MATHEMATICS & MECHANICS, Issue 1 2008Marta Knawa The model of a carrying rope under in,service loads is developed to analyze dynamic response of the cable during ropeway operation including: start conditions while carriers leave the station, steady ride, an emergency stop of a system. The pendulum model of a moving passenger carrier is formulated to define loads acting on the cable. Equations of motion of the cable loaded by moving pendulums are derived by applying Ritz approximate method and Lagrangian description of motion. Some numerical results are presented to illustrate applicability of proposed method in an investigation of carrying cable vibrations. (© 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) [source] 3D rheological model of transversal isotropic elastoplastic bodyPROCEEDINGS IN APPLIED MATHEMATICS & MECHANICS, Issue 1 2003Victor Naumov Dr.-Ing. A 3D theory of microplasticity for an anisotropic elastoplastic body is presented. This theory is proposed for the phenomenological description and analysis of deformation of a superconducting cable under the transversal cyclic loading. Obtained constitutive equations reflect the possibility to describe hysteresis loops during cyclic loading of the material. They reflect the fact that these hysteresis loops don't depend on the strain rate. Developed theory deals with phenomenological anisotropy of elastoplasticity which is a characteristic property of the superconducting cable. This cable consists of a large number of strands oriented in general along the cable axis. [source] Induction of Cell Wall Thickening by the Antifungal Compound Dihydromaltophilin Disrupts Fungal Growth and is Mediated by Sphingolipid BiosynthesisTHE JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY, Issue 2 2009SHAOJIE LI ABSTRACT. Dihydromaltophilin (heat-stable antifungal factor [HSAF]) is an antifungal metabolite produced in Lysobacter enzymogenes biocontrol strain C3. This compound induces cell wall thickening in Aspergillus nidulans. Here we show that the cell wall thickening is a general response to HSAF in diverse fungal species. In the A. nidulans model, the thickened cell wall negatively affects hyphal growth. Growth of HSAF-pre-treated hyphae failed to resume at hyphal tips with thick cell wall and the actin cable could not re-polarize at the thickened region of the cell wall, even after the treated hyphae were transferred to drug-free medium. Moreover, HSAF-induced cell wall thickening is mediated by sphingolipid synthesis: HSAF failed to induce cell wall thickening in the absence of ceramide synthase BarA and the sphingolipid synthesis inhibitor myriocin was able to suppress HSAF-induced cell wall thickening. The thickened cell wall could be digested by chitinase suggesting that chitin contributes to the HSAF-induced thickening. Furthermore, HSAF treatment activated the transcription of two chitin synthase encoding genes chsB and chsC. [source] Usability and Safety of Ventricular Assist Devices: Human Factors and Design AspectsARTIFICIAL ORGANS, Issue 9 2009Lorenz Geidl Abstract The purpose of this study was the investigation of the usability and ergonomics of ventricular assist devices (VADs) in everyday usage. Patients with four different VAD types were observed. After implantation, instruction, and discharge from the hospital, the patients returned on a regular basis to the outpatient clinic, where the investigation took place. Data collection took place in two phases. In phase I home-released VAD patients were asked about perceived problems with the system at home. Additionally health-care professionals were interviewed to gather information on frequent VAD inconveniences and shortcomings. This inquiry resulted in a standardized self-assessment questionnaire and a manual skill test, which were performed in phase II by the whole collective (16 patients and ongoing). As a result, 38% of the patients disconnected parts of their system unintentionally at least once. All of them ascribed this problem to their own carelessness. Thirty-eight percent had to replace a cable. Seventy-five percent desired an additional cable strain relief. Thirty-eight percent suffered from rubbing of parts on the body. Sixty-three percent used a separate repository aside from the factory-provided transportation systems. The overall noise emission (pump, ventilators, and alarms) annoyed 56%; however, for 32% the alarm signals were too quiet to wake them up. No correlation between the assessed manual skills and the number of adverse events was found. To conclude, this preliminary study revealed considerable potential for improvements in the usability of ventricular assist systems. [source] Incorporation of Electronics within a Compact, Fully Implanted Left Ventricular Assist DeviceARTIFICIAL ORGANS, Issue 11 2002Kevin Bourque Abstract: The promise of expanded indications for left ventricular assist devices in the future for very long-term applications (10+ years) prompts sealed (i.e. fully implanted) systems and less-obtrusive and more reliable implanted components than their external counterparts in percutaneous configurations. Furthermore, sealed systems increase the fraction of total power losses dissipated intracorporeally, a disadvantage that must be carefully managed. We set out to incorporate the motor drive and levitation control electronics within the HeartMate III blood pump without substantially increasing the pump's size. Electronics based on a rigid-flex satellite printed circuit board (PCB) arrangement that could be folded into a very compact, dense package were designed, fabricated, and tested. The pump's lower housing was redesigned to accommodate these PCBs without increasing any dimension of the pump except the height, and that by only 5 mm. The interconnect cable was reduced from 22 wires to 10 (two fully redundant sets of 5). An ongoing test of the assembled pump in vitro has demonstrated no problems in 5 months. In addition, a 20-day in vivo test showed only 1°C temperature rises, equivalent to pumps without incorporated electronics at similar operating conditions. [source] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||