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CsA Group (csa + group)
Selected AbstractsA grounded theory analysis of the therapeutic relationship with clients sexually abused as children and non-abused clientsCLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHOTHERAPY (AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THEORY & PRACTICE), Issue 3 2001Claire Middle The objective of this study was to investigate whether clients with a history of child sexual abuse (CSA) and non-abused clients differ in their views of the therapeutic relationship. Two groups of 17 clients receiving psychological therapy, those who reported a history of CSA and a matched group who had not reported abuse, were asked in a semi-structured interview about what was important to the therapeutic alliance. The accounts of the two groups were analysed using grounded theory, and then compared. The qualitative analysis demonstrated that both groups identified many similar important issues. These included factors relating to the therapist, to therapy itself, and to the client's perception of the relationship. Women in the CSA group emphasized the interpersonal qualities of the therapist and how they felt about their relationship, while the other clients talked more about therapeutic techniques and progress in therapy. Important issues mentioned exclusively by the CSA group included the therapist's commitment, being believed, and the therapist not showing negative reactions. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] The protective effect of N -acetylcysteine against cyclosporine A-induced hepatotoxicity in ratsJOURNAL OF APPLIED TOXICOLOGY, Issue 1 2008Hasan Kaya Abstract The immunosuppressive agent cyclosporine A (CsA) has been reported to exert measurable hepatotoxic effects. One of the causes leading to hepatotoxicity is thought to be reactive oxygen radical formation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of N -acetylcysteine (NAC) treatment on CsA-induced hepatic damage by both analysing superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) activities with malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) levels, and using an histological approach. CsA administration produced a decrease in hepatic SOD activity, and co-administration of NAC with CsA resulted in an increase in SOD activity. MDA and NO levels increased in the CsA group and NAC treatment prevented those increases. A significant elevation in serum AST and ALT activities was observed in the CsA group, and when NAC and CsA were co-administered, the activities of AST and ALT were close to the control levels. CsA treatment caused evident morphological alterations. Control rats showed no abnormality in the cytoarchitecture of the hepatic parenchyma. The co-administration of NAC with CsA showed no signs of alteration and the morphological pattern was almost similar to the control group. In conclusion, CsA induced liver injury and NAC treatment prevented the toxic side effects induced by CsA administration through the antioxidant and radical scavenging effects of NAC. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Early Withdrawal of Calcineurin Inhibitors and Everolimus Monotherapy in de novo Liver Transplant Recipients Preserves Renal FunctionAMERICAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION, Issue 10 2010M. Masetti We designed a randomized trial to assess whether the early withdrawal of cyclosporine (CsA) followed by the initiation of everolimus (Evr) monotherapy in de novo liver transplantation (LT) patients would result in superior renal function compared to a CsA-based immunosuppression protocol. All patients were treated with CsA for the first 10 days and then randomized to receive Evr in combination with CsA up to day 30, then either continued on Evr monotherapy (Evr group) or maintained on CsA with/without mycophenolate mofetil (CsA group) in case of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Seventy-eight patients were randomized (Evr n = 52; CsA n = 26). The 1-year freedom from efficacy failure in Evr group was 75% versus 69.2% in CsA group, p = 0.36. There was no statistically significant difference in patient survival between the two groups. Mean modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD) was significantly better in the Evr group at 12 months (87.7 ± 26.1 vs. 59.9 ± 12.6 mL/min; p < 0.001). The incidence of CKD stage ,3 (estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min) was higher in the CsA group at 1 year (52.2% vs. 15.4%, p = 0.005). The results indicate that early withdrawal of CsA followed by Evr monotherapy in de novo LT patients is associated with an improvement in renal function, with a similar incidence of rejection and major complications. [source] Expression of Apoptosis-related Genes in Chronic Cyclosporine Nephrotoxicity in MiceAMERICAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION, Issue 5 2002Chul Woo Yang To define the mechanism of cyclosporine (CsA)-induced apoptosis, we investigated the expression of apoptosis-related genes in experimental chronic CsA nephrotoxicity. Mice on a low-salt (0.01%) diet were given vehicle (VH, olive oil, 1 mg/kg/day), or CsA (30 mg/kg/day), and sacrificed at 1 and 4 weeks. Apoptosis was detected with deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL) stain, and the expressions of apoptosis-related genes were evaluated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, immunoblot or immunohistochemistry. The activity of caspase 1 and 3 was also evaluated. The CsA group showed increases in apoptotic cells compared with the VH group (54 ± 41 vs. 3 ± 3, p <,0.05), and the number of apoptotic cells correlated well with interstitial fibrosis scores (r =,0.83, p <,0.01). The CsA group showed a significant increase in Fas-ligand mRNA (0.20 vs. 0.02 amol/,g total RNA, p <,0.05) and Fas protein expression (146% vs. 95%, p <,0.05), compared with the VH group. The CsA group showed significant increases in ICE mRNA (0.21 vs. 0.03 amol/,g total RNA at 4 weeks, p <,0.05) and CPP32 mRNA (0.18 vs. 0.03 amol/,g total RNA at 4 weeks, p <,0.05), compared with the VH group. The enzymatic activity of ICE (16.6 vs. 7.9 ,mol/,g/ h, p <,0.05) and CPP32 protease (15.6 vs. 2.7 ,mol/,g/ h, p <,0.05) proteases were increased in the CsA group, compared with the VH group. The ratio between bax and bcl-2 protein increased significantly in the CsA group (5.3-fold), compared with the VH group. Levels of p53 protein also increased in the CsA group. Immunohistochemical detection of Fas, Fas-ligand, ICE and CPP32 revealed strong immunoreactivity in renal tubular cells in areas of structural injury. These findings suggest that local activation of the apoptosis-related genes is associated with CsA-induced apoptotic cell death. [source] Cyclosporine treatment of RPE allografts in the rabbit subretinal spaceACTA OPHTHALMOLOGICA, Issue 2 2000Sven Crafoord ABSTRACT. Purpose: To determine the effects of systemic cyclosporine A (CsA) on the survival of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) allografts in the subretinal space in an animal model using atraumatic transplantation surgery. Methods: Following pars plana vitrectomy, an RPE cell suspension from brown rabbits was injected with a glass micropipette into the subretinal space of 39 albino rabbits. For immunosuppression, 22 rabbits were given an injection of CsA, 20 mg daily intramuscularly, 17 rabbits with RPE grafts were controls. The grafts were monitored by biomicroscopy, color fundus photography, and fluorescein angiography. Rabbits were sacrificed at 1, 3 and 6 months, respectively, and the eyes processed for light and electron microscopy including immunohistochemistry. Results: After three months, the transplanted RPE cells, in both the CsA group and the controls, formed a monolayer in the subretinal space. Although a few macrophages were encountered, there was no massive cellular infiltration and the photoreceptor layer was well preserved. After six months, however, there was a disruption of grafted RPE cells in both groups, characterized by dispersion of melanin pigment in the subretinal space, and invasion of macrophages with focal photoreceptor damage but no infiltration of lymphocytes in the retina or choroid. No significant differences between the CsA treated and the control eyes were discernible. Conclusion: Although the subretinal space has been considered an immunologically privileged site, we found that the survival of RPE allografts was limited. CsA did not prevent RPE allograft destruction in the subretinal space. The transplant seems to be disrupted either by immunological mechanisms that are not inhibited by CsA, or by nonimmunologic events. [source] | ||||||||||