|
| ||
|
|
||
Cd Content (cd + content)
Selected AbstractsAlternate wetting and moderate soil drying increases grain yield and reduces cadmium accumulation in rice grainsJOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE, Issue 10 2009Jianchang Yang Abstract BACKGROUND: Rice is the most important staple food in Asia but has also been identified as one of the major sources of cadmium (Cd) intakes for some Asian population. This study investigated whether grain yield could be maintained but Cd in grains be reduced through proper irrigation management when rice was grown in Cd-contaminated soil. RESULTS: Compared to the well watered treatment, the alternate wetting and moderate soil drying (MD, re-watered when soil water potential decreased to ,20 kPa) increased grain yield by 10,12% and improved milling and appearance quality of rice when grown in a soil containing a water-soluble Cd content of 18 g kg,1. An alternate wetting and severe soil drying (SD, re-watered when soil water potential decreased to ,40 kPa) showed an opposite effect. Both MD and SD significantly increased Cd content in roots while they reduced it in the straw. MD reduced Cd content by 19,21% in the grain and by 40% in milled rice. The SD significantly increased Cd content in the grain but reduced it in milled rice. CONCLUSION: An alternate wetting and moderate soil drying could increase rice yield and quality and also reduce Cd in the diet of rice. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry [source] Variations in cadmium accumulation among rice cultivars and types and the selection of cultivars for reducing cadmium in the dietJOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE, Issue 1 2005Jianguo Liu Abstract A pot trial was conducted with 52 rice cultivars of different types collected from different origins. The results showed that there were great differences in Cd concentrations in straw, brown rice and grain chaff among the rice cultivars grown in a soil containing a Cd concentration of 100 mg kg,1; the Cd concentrations in brown rice ranged from 0.22 to 2.86 mg kg,1. The great genotypic differences in Cd concentrations indicated that it is possible to lower the Cd content of rice through cultivar selection and breeding. Significant differences were found in the Cd concentrations of the rice types of Indica consanguinity and those of Japonica consanguinity, but not between their origins. There were significant correlations between straw and brown rice in Cd concentration and in the total amount of Cd accumulated. The distribution ratios of the Cd accumulated in brown rice to the total Cd accumulation in the above-ground rice plant varied greatly from 12.9 to 137.8 g kg,1, and there was significant correlation between the distribution ratios and Cd concentrations in brown rice. These indicated that Cd concentration in rice grain is governed by the transport of Cd from root to shoot and also from shoot to grain. Cd concentrations in brown rice also correlated significantly with some important agronomic traits, as well as with nitrogen concentrations, one of the most important criteria for rice quality. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry [source] Pb2.63Cd2V3O12, a cation-deficient garnet-type vanadateACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION C, Issue 7 2007Alexander A. Tsirlin In the crystal structure of the cation-deficient garnet Pb2.63Cd2V3O12 (lead cadmium vanadium oxide), the Cd and V atoms fully occupy octahedral and tetrahedral sites, respectively, whereas the Pb atoms partially occupy a dodecahedral site. The total Pb and Cd content indicates that vanadium is slightly reduced from the +5 oxidation state. [source] Effect of dietary cadmium level on the growth, body composition and several hepatic enzymatic activities of juvenile yellow catfish, Pelteobagrus fulvidracoAQUACULTURE RESEARCH, Issue 7 2010Xiao-Ying Tan Abstract The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary cadmium (Cd) level on the growth, body composition and several enzymatic activities of juvenile yellow catfish, Pelteobagrus fulvidraco. The experimental diets were formulated with CdCl2·2.5H2O at levels of 0, 0.01, 0.1 and 1.0 g kg,1 diet, resulting in four dietary Cd levels of 0.25 (control), 4.92, 48.57 and 474.7 mg Cd kg,1 diet respectively. They were fed to juvenile yellow catfish (mean initial weight: 3.26±0.07 g, mean±SD) for 4 weeks. Weight gain, specific growth rate, feed intake and protein efficiency ratio tended to decline with increasing dietary Cd levels (P<0.05). In contrast, the feed conversion ratio was the lowest when the dietary Cd level was 0.25 mg Cd kg,1 diet. Dietary Cd levels significantly influenced body composition and Cd accumulation. Whole body and vertebrae Cd content generally increased as the dietary Cd levels increased (P<0.05). However, muscle Cd content was detected only in fish fed the diets containing the highest Cd level of the diet (P>0.05). Hepatic alkaline phosphatase, glutathione peroxidase and lactate dehydrogenase activities increased (P<0.05) with increasing dietary Cd level. Succinate dehydrogenase was very variant and not related to dietary treatments. Malic dehydrogenase activity showed no significant differences among the treatments (P>0.05). The present study provided for the first time the toxic assessment of dietborne Cd in yellow catfish, based on growth performance and the changes in hepatic enzymatic activities for the fish species. [source] Cadmium partitioning and gene expression studies in Nicotiana tabacum and Nicotiana rusticaPHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM, Issue 3 2006Lucien Bovet To better understand the differences in cadmium (Cd) uptake, partitioning and gene regulation between Nicotiana tabacum and Nicotiana rustica, we compared these two species for root and leaf Cd concentrations after different Cd exposures, 109Cd root-to-shoot transport, Cd tolerance as well as differential gene expression in roots exposed or not to CdCl2 using reverse transcriptase,PCR (RT-PCR). When grown in 1 ,M CdCl2 for 7 days, N. rustica exhibited higher root and lower leaf Cd contents than N. tabacum. Data were confirmed by radiolabeling experiments, which further showed that some 109Cd accumulated in the distal part of lateral roots in N. rustica. Visual inspection of leaves suggested that N. rustica was somewhat more tolerant to high Cd exposure (50 ,M CdCl2) compared with N. tabacum. At such a high Cd concentration, Cd toxic effects on N. tabacum leaves were apparently not directly related to the homeostasis of Fe and Mn. However, the Zn levels were different in N. rustica compared with N. tabacum in absence and presence of Cd treatments. Root growth experiments revealed that N. tabacum, but not N. rustica, root length was reduced in bactoagar medium containing 20 ,M CdCl2. Complementary DNA microarrays were used as a screening approach to demonstrate by RT-PCR that some gene products were differentially regulated by Cd in N. rustica and in N. tabacum. In addition, "NtIRT1,"NtMTP1a, "NtHMA3" and "NtNAS3" were inducible by Cd in N. tabacum. Interestingly "NtIRT1" and NtMTP1a were differently expressed between the two species. Our results suggest different pathways for Cd sequestration and transport between these two species. [source] | ||||||||||