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C. Carpio (c + carpio)
Selected AbstractsIsolation and selection of Bacillus spp. as potential biological agents for enhancement of water quality in culture of ornamental fishJOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY, Issue 5 2007R. Lalloo Abstract Aims:, To isolate, select and evaluate Bacillus spp. as potential biological agents for enhancement of water quality in culture of ornamental fish. Methods and Results:, Natural isolates obtained from mud sediment and Cyprinus carpio were purified and assessed in vitro for efficacy based on the inhibition of growth of pathogenic Aeromonas hydrophila and the decrease in concentrations of ammonium, nitrite, nitrate and phosphate ions. Based on suitability to predefined characteristics, the isolates B001, B002 and B003 were selected and evaluated in vitro in the presence of Aer. hydrophila and in a preliminary in vivo trial with C. carpio. The inhibitory effect on pathogen growth and the decrease in concentrations of waste ions was demonstrated. Based on 16S RNA sequence homology, the isolates were identified as Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus and Bacillus licheniformis, respectively. Isolate B002 did not contain the anthrax virulence plasmids pOX1, pOX2 or the B. cereus enterotoxin. Conclusions:, Selected isolates effected synergistic reduction in pathogen load and the concentrations of waste ions in vitro and in vivo and are safe for use in ornamental aquaculture. Significance and Impact of the Study:, A new approach for assessment of biological agents was demonstrated and has yielded putative isolates for development into aquaculture products. [source] Elevated ability to compete for limited food resources by ,all-fish' growth hormone transgenic common carp Cyprinus carpioJOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY, Issue 6 2009M. Duan Food consumption, number of movements and feeding hierarchy of juvenile transgenic common carp Cyprinus carpio and their size-matched non-transgenic conspecifics were measured under conditions of limited food supply. Transgenic fish exhibited 73·3% more movements as well as a higher feeding order, and consumed 1·86 times as many food pellets as their non-transgenic counterparts. After the 10 day experiment, transgenic C. carpio had still not realized their higher growth potential, which may be partly explained by the higher frequency of movements of transgenics and the ,sneaky' feeding strategy used by the non-transgenics. The results indicate that these transgenic fish possess an elevated ability to compete for limited food resources, which could be advantageous after an escape into the wild. It may be that other factors in the natural environment (i.e. predation risk and food distribution), however, would offset this advantage. Thus, these results need to be assessed with caution. [source] Reduced swimming abilities in fast-growing transgenic common carp Cyprinus carpio associated with their morphological variationsJOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY, Issue 1 2009D. Li Critical swimming speeds (Ucrit) and morphological characters were compared between the F4 generation of GH-transgenic common carp Cyprinus carpio and the non-transgenic controls. Transgenic fish displayed a mean absolute Ucrit value 22·3% lower than the controls. Principal component analysis identified variations in body shape, with transgenic fish having significantly deeper head, longer caudal length of the dorsal region, longer standard length (LS) and shallower body and caudal region, and shorter caudal length of the ventral region. Swimming speeds were related to the combination of deeper body and caudal region, longer caudal length of the ventral region, shallower head depth, shorter caudal length of dorsal region and LS. These findings suggest that morphological variations which are poorly suited to produce maximum thrust and minimum drag in GH-transgenic C. carpio may be responsible for their lower swimming abilities in comparison with non-transgenic controls. [source] Enhancement of the innate immune system and disease-resistant activity in Cyprinus carpio by oral administration of ,-glucan and whole cell yeastAQUACULTURE RESEARCH, Issue 6 2010Ayyaru Gopalakannan Abstract The effects of dietary ,- (1,3) glucan and whole cell yeast (Sacharomyces uvarum) on the immune response and disease resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila were investigated in Cyprinus carpio. ,-(1,3) glucan was extracted from the yeast. Both ,-(1,3) glucan and whole yeast were incorporated into the diet at 1% level and fed to common carp C. carpio for a period of 60 days. Control and treated fish were exposed to A. hydrophila on the 30th and the 60th day of the experimental period. Dietary supplementation of glucan significantly increased the white blood cell count in fish on the 60th day (2.91±0.04 × 104), and the highest nuetrophil nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT) activity was also observed in glucan-fed fish (30th day). A consistent increase in neutrophil (NBT) activity was also observed in whole cell fed fish until the end of the experiment. Similarly, ,-(1,3) glucan and whole cell yeast enhanced the serum lysozyme activity from the 15th day onwards but higher activity was reported on the 30th day in glucan and the 60th day in whole cell yeast-fed fish. Suplementation of ,-(1,3) glucan protected the fish from A. hydrophila infection. Nearly 75,80% of the fish survived pathogen exposure (relative percentage survival). However, only 54,60% survival was observed in the whole cell-fed fish. ,-(1,3) glucan and whole cell yeast protect the fish from pathogens by enhancing the cellular and humoral immune response in C. carpio. [source] Molecular phylogeny of three subspecies of common carp Cyprinus carpio, based on sequence analysis of cytochrome b and control region of mtDNAJOURNAL OF ZOOLOGICAL SYSTEMATICS AND EVOLUTIONARY RESEARCH, Issue 4 2004J. Zhou Abstract The complete cytochrome b and the control region of mtDNA (about 2070 bp in total) of 10 strains belonging to three subspecies of the common carp, including three wild subspecies (the Yangtze River wild common carp ,Cyprinus carpio haematopterus, Yuanjiang River wild common carp ,Cyprinus carpio rubrofuscus and Volga River wild common carp ,Cyprinus carpio carpio) and seven domestic strains (Xingguo red carp, Russian scattered scaled mirror carp, Qingtian carp, Japanese Koi carp, purse red carp, Big-belly carp, German mirror carp) were sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the 10 strains form three distinct clades, corresponding to C. c. haematopterus, C. c. rubrofuscus and C. c. carpio respectively. Purse red carp, an endemic domestic strain in Jiangxi province of China, showed a higher evolution rate in comparison with the other strains of C. c. haematopterus, most probably because of intensive selection and a long history of domestication. Base variation ratios among the three subspecies varied from 0.78% (between C. c. haematopterus and C. c. rubrofuscus) to 1.47%(between C. c. carpio and C. c. rubrofuscus). The topography of the phylogenetic tree and the geographic distribution of three subspecies closely resemble each other. The divergence time between C. c. carpio and the other two subspecies was estimated to be about 0.9 Myr and about 0.5 Myr between C. c. haematopterus and C. c. rubrofuscus. Based on phylogenetic analysis, C. c. rubrofuscus might have diverged from C. c. haematopterus. Zusammenfassung Die gesamte Cytochrom b- und die Kontrollregion der mtDNA (etwa 2070 bp insgesamt) wurde für zehn Stämmen der drei Unterarten des Flußkarpfens sequenziert. Die Stämme umfassen die drei wild lebenden Subspecies (den Jangtsekiang Flußkarpfen -- Cyprinus carpio haematopterus, den Juanjiang Flußkarpfen -- Cyprinus carpio rubrofuscus und den Wolga-Flußkarpfen -- Cyprinus carpio carpio) und sieben domestizierte Stämme (Roter Xingguo-Karpfen, Russischer zerstreutschuppiger Spiegelkarpfen, Qingtian-Karpfen, Japanischer Koi-Karpfen, Roter Spitzmaulkarpfen, Big-Belly-Karpfen, Deutscher Spiegelkarpfen). Die phylogenetische Analyse zeigt drei distinkte Claden, die den Unterarten C. c. haematopterus, C. c. rubrofuscus und C. c. carpio entsprechen. Der rote Spitzmaulkarpfen, eine endemische, domestizierte Form aus der Provinz Jiangxi Chinas, zeigt im Vergleich mit anderen Stämmen der Unterart C. c. haematopterus die höchste Evolutionsrate, vermutlich durch die starke Selektion und die lange Zeit der Domestikation bedingt. Die Basensubstitutionsrate zwischen den drei Unterarten variiert zwischen 0.78% (zwischen C. c. haematopterus und C. c. rubrofuscus) und 1.47% (zwischen C. c. carpio und C. c. rubrofuscus). Die Topographie des phylogenetischen Baums und die geographische Verteilung der drei Subspecies entsprechen einander sehr stark. Die Divergenzzeit zwischen C. c. carpio und den beiden anderen Unterarten wird auf 0.9 Mil. Jahre geschätzt und die zwischen C. c. haematopterus und C. c. rubrofuscus auf 0.5 Mil Jahre. Nach der phylogenetischen Analyse dürfte sich C. c. rubrofuscus von C. c. haematopterus abgespalten haben. [source] | |||||||||||||