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British Library (british + library)
Selected AbstractsFrom episcopal conception to monastic compilation: Hemming's Cartulary in contextEARLY MEDIEVAL EUROPE, Issue 3 2002Francesca Tinti This article examines the structure and the contents of the late eleventh century Worcester cartulary which forms the second part of London, British Library, Cotton Tiberius A. XIII. Its sections are analysed and checked against the explanatory statements on the composition of the libellus provided by Hemming in his Enucleatio. This essay then contextualizes the composition of the cartulary through an analysis of its various components. Particular attention is paid to the development of the monastic community of Worcester in the late eleventh century and the ways in which the manuscript seems to reflect their acquisition of a specific and distinctive identity. The development, therefore, of their relationship with the bishop of Worcester is especially significant. The evidence provided by the cartulary suggests that, by the time the Norman Samson succeeded Bishop Wulfstan II in 1096, the monks' attitude towards their bishop had noticeably changed from the time when Wulfstan had first suggested the cartulary's composition. [source] The Lindisfarne Gospels and two other 8th century Anglo-Saxon/Insular manuscripts: pigment identification by Raman microscopyJOURNAL OF RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY, Issue 1 2004Katherine L. Brown Abstract The Lindisfarne Gospels (Cotton MS Nero D iv, ca. 715 AD) and two nearly contemporary manuscripts (Royal MS 1B vii and Add. MS 40618) held in the British Library have been analysed in detail by Raman microscopy in order to establish the palette of each. The blue pigment used on the Lindisfarne Gospels is shown not to be lazurite, as concluded in 1960 by visual examination of known pigments and those on the Gospels, but exclusively indigo. Of the Anglo-Saxon and Insular manuscripts studied so far by Raman microscopy, the earliest found to include lazurite in its palette is Add. MS 40618, not on its still extant original miniature of ca. 756 AD, but on later additions of ca. 920 AD. The Insular triumvirate palette, which had been assumed to consist of orpiment, red lead and verdigris, was found also to include red ochre and vergaut (indigo admixed with orpiment) but not necessarily verdigris. The palettes of the manuscripts studied, as specified in existing literary sources, are not reliable, and careful in situ scientific analysis of the pigments present is essential to establish the identity of the latter and of any decomposition products present. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Comparison of genuine (1851,1852 AD) and forged or reproduction Hawaiian Missionary stamps using Raman microscopyJOURNAL OF RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY, Issue 6 2002Tracey D. Chaplin The rare and valuable Hawaiian Missionary stamps from the Tapling Collection held at the British Library were analysed using Raman microscopy and shown to be printed with an ink composed of Prussian blue. Blue particles dispersed between the paper fibres of the stamps and present as optical brighteners were identified to be lazurite or the synthetic equivalent, ultramarine blue. Each cancellation or postmark, where present, is composed of carbon, vermilion, iron(III) oxide or a madder-like organic pigment. The Raman analysis also showed that microscopic repair work on stamps can be identified. The genuine stamps were compared with 13 forged Hawaiian Missionary stamps, printed in the early 20th century, and with a set of eight reproduction items printed in 1985, from the Royal Philatelic Society London. Raman analysis of the forged stamps showed that the ink used is different from that of the genuine stamps, being a mixture of Prussian blue and ultramarine blue, or an organic blue pigment. Analysis of the 1985 reproduction stamps showed that they were printed with modern phthalocyanine blue ink, on paper coated with a yellow organic pigment to simulate aged paper. This analysis provides an invaluable and non-destructive method for assisting in drawing a distinction between fraudulent or reproduction material and the genuine article. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Two Greek excerpts by Johannes Cuno (1463,1513) in London Arundel 550RENAISSANCE STUDIES, Issue 4 2010Eugenia Russell The Dominican Johannes Cuno (1463,1513) was a talented Hellenist who was closely associated with Aldus Manutius, Mark Mousouros and Johannes Reuchlin. His manuscript London Arundel 550 is currently held in the British Library in London. It is a miscellany of texts, a little bit like a personal notebook; these texts reflect Cuno's interests as well as the interests of the classicists of the time more broadly. This paper presents for the first time two unpublished items from London Arundel 5501 supplied by Johannes Cuno (autograph, Pavia, 1506,8) for the advancement of the learning of the Greek language in the West. These are a) London Arundel 550, f. 28v: Prosody of Greek words (Anonymous, probably Johannes Cuno), and b) London Arundel 550, f. 59v: Glossary of local dialects (Anonymous, after Philostratos). [source] CONIFEROUS WOOD PULP IN TRADITIONAL KOREAN PAPER BETWEEN THE 15TH AND 18TH CENTURIES ad*ARCHAEOMETRY, Issue 3 2009H. YUM One hundred and sixty-nine fibre samples from books in the Korean collection and 68 samples from books in the Japanese collection at the British Library were analysed. A further 15 samples of Korean paper from a private collection were also examined. The analysis confirmed that most of the papers contained mulberry species (Moraceae family) as the main papermaking material, and other materials, such as hemp, rice straw and reed, which have been commonly known as supplements to traditional Korean papermaking. However, 15 Korean papers and one Japanese paper dating between ad 1498 and 1798 appeared to include coniferous wood fibres. This substantial find supports a previous single find of a coniferous wood fibre in Korean paper. The dates of most of these papers containing wood fibres precede the use of wood pulps in European paper. [source] | ||||||||||