|
| ||
|
|
||
Abnormal Areas (abnormal + area)
Selected AbstractsNeuroprotective effects of an immunosuppressant agent on diffusion/perfusion mismatch in transient focal ischemiaMAGNETIC RESONANCE IN MEDICINE, Issue 6 2004Toshihiko Ebisu Abstract The immunosuppressant FK506 (tacrolimus) exerts potent neuroprotection following focal ischemia in animals; however, the separate effects of FK506 on the ischemic core and penumbra have not been reported. The ischemic penumbra is clinically defined as the difference between a large abnormal area on perfusion-weighted imaging (PWI) and a smaller lesion on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). The goal of this study was to determine the effect of FK506 on DWI/PWI match and mismatch areas in transient focal ischemia in rats. Twelve rats were subjected to 1 hr of transient middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion, and given an intravenous injection of a placebo (N = 6) or 1 mg/kg FK506 (N = 6) immediately before reperfusion. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed during MCA occlusion, and 0.5, 1, and 24 hr after reperfusion. FK506 significantly protected the ischemic brain only in the mismatch cortex where the initial apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) was normal and there was a mild reduction of cerebral blood flow (CBF). This is the first report to describe the protective effects of FK506 on ischemic penumbra, as measured by DWI/PWI mismatch. The findings provide direct evidence for the utility of DWI/PWI mismatch as a guideline for therapeutic intervention with FK506. Magn Reson Med 51:1173,1180, 2004. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Fluorescence Bronchoscopy for Selection of Surgical Procedure in Patients With Early Staged Endobronchial CarcinomaARTIFICIAL ORGANS, Issue 4 2005Yoshio Tsunezuka Abstract:, Background: It is sometimes difficult to determine the extent of resection in patients with endobronchial carcinoma because preoperative white-light bronchoscopic (WLB), examination, is, not, sensitive, enough, to, examine, the extent fully. Light-Induced Fluorescence Endoscopy (LIFE) is recognized as a useful modality for the diagnosis of early staged bronchial carcinoma, but there have been no reports of its significance in surgical treatment. We have studied the influence of LIFE upon the selection of surgical procedures or other treatments in patients with endobronchial carcinoma preoperatively. Methods: Conventional WLB and LIFE were performed within 7 days of operation. Biopsy specimens were taken from the marginal regions of the areas that were suspicious for malignancy on LIFE examination and WLB. We decided the resection line before operation and kept the resected central margin 1 cm apart from the area revealed as suspicious by LIFE. Results: From January 1999 to March 2003, 75 patients underwent LIFE. LIFE was performed to decide the surgical procedures for 12 patients (16.0%). Surgical therapy was performed in 8 (66.7%). LIFE findings dramatically changed the surgical procedures for 3 patients, lobectomy changed to sleeve lobectomy in 2 and laser therapy to segmentectomy in 1. LIFE revealed larger abnormal areas of bronchial cancer compared to WLB in 7 (58.3%). Conversely, WLB overestimated the extent of abnormal area in 1 (8.3%). WLB revealed the same cancer area as LIFE in 4. In all patients, the resected bronchial margins were cancer free intraoperatively and postoperatively. Conclusion: LIFE can be more sensitive than WLB and be more beneficial for judging the extent of neoplastic bronchial changes for some patients. LIFE may be a useful modality for the preoperative selection of surgical procedures, especially whether sleeve resection is needed or not, for some centrally located superficial endobronchial carcinoma. [source] Differential diagnosis of T2 hyperintense spinal cord lesions: Part BJOURNAL OF MEDICAL IMAGING AND RADIATION ONCOLOGY, Issue 2 2009P Bou-Haidar Summary Hyperintense spinal cord signal on T2-weighted images is seen in a wide-ranging variety of spinal cord processes. Causes including simple MR artefacts, trauma, primary and secondary tumours, radiation myelitis and diastematomyelia were discussed in Part A. The topics discussed in Part B of this two part series include multiple sclerosis, subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord, cord infarction, arteriovenous shunts, transverse myelitis, neurosarcoidosis, AIDS-associated vacuolar myelopathy, and syringohydromyelia. Characterization of the abnormal areas of T2 signal as well as their appearance on other MR imaging sequences, when combined with clinical context and laboratory investigations, will often allow a unique diagnosis, or at least aid in narrowing the differential diagnosis. A wide range of instructive cases is discussed here, with review of the published reports focusing on pertinent MR features to aid in diagnosis. [source] Differential diagnosis of T2 hyperintense spinal cord lesions: Part AJOURNAL OF MEDICAL IMAGING AND RADIATION ONCOLOGY, Issue 6 2008P Bou-Haidar Summary Hyperintense spinal cord signal on T2-weighted images is seen in a wide-ranging variety of spinal cord processes including; simple MR artefacts, congenital anomalies and most disease categories. Characterization of the abnormal areas of T2 signal as well as their appearance on other MR imaging sequences, when combined with clinical context and laboratory investigations, will often allow a unique diagnosis, or at least aid in narrowing the differential diagnosis. A wide range of instructive cases is discussed here with review of the published reports focusing on pertinent MR features to aid in diagnosis. [source] Cell Types Obtained from the Epidural Space of Patients with Low Back Pain/RadiculopathyPAIN PRACTICE, Issue 3 2009James E. Heavner PhD Abstract Background: We investigated if correlations exist between medical history, tissue abnormalities, and cell types retrieved from the epidural space of patients with chronic low back pain (LBP) and chronic radicular pain (RP). Methods: Approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Board for the Protection of Human Subjects to study 191 patients undergoing epiduroscopy. Visual inspection was performed and abnormal areas were identified. A specimen obtained from the area using a cytology brush was processed by the Thin Prep technique. Patients were divided into four groups based on the presence or absence and intensity of LBP and RP. The gender and age of the patients were recorded, as was any history of prior back surgery. Areas of tissue abnormalities were rated according to changes in vascularity and amount of fat, fibrosis, and inflammation. Stenosis was assessed from magnetic resonance imaging or computerized tomography scan images. Cytologic assessments included notations of the presence or absence of erythrocytes, leukocytes, cell groups, lipocytes, spindled cells, and large round cells. Results: There was a significant difference in the number of patients from whom big round cells were obtained who had a high degree of LBP compared with the number of patients who had a high degree of both LBP and RP. Conclusions: The findings provide a foundation for future studies of cells obtained from similar patients with the goal of furthering the understanding of the pathogenesis of LBP/RP. [source] Fluorescence Bronchoscopy for Selection of Surgical Procedure in Patients With Early Staged Endobronchial CarcinomaARTIFICIAL ORGANS, Issue 4 2005Yoshio Tsunezuka Abstract:, Background: It is sometimes difficult to determine the extent of resection in patients with endobronchial carcinoma because preoperative white-light bronchoscopic (WLB), examination, is, not, sensitive, enough, to, examine, the extent fully. Light-Induced Fluorescence Endoscopy (LIFE) is recognized as a useful modality for the diagnosis of early staged bronchial carcinoma, but there have been no reports of its significance in surgical treatment. We have studied the influence of LIFE upon the selection of surgical procedures or other treatments in patients with endobronchial carcinoma preoperatively. Methods: Conventional WLB and LIFE were performed within 7 days of operation. Biopsy specimens were taken from the marginal regions of the areas that were suspicious for malignancy on LIFE examination and WLB. We decided the resection line before operation and kept the resected central margin 1 cm apart from the area revealed as suspicious by LIFE. Results: From January 1999 to March 2003, 75 patients underwent LIFE. LIFE was performed to decide the surgical procedures for 12 patients (16.0%). Surgical therapy was performed in 8 (66.7%). LIFE findings dramatically changed the surgical procedures for 3 patients, lobectomy changed to sleeve lobectomy in 2 and laser therapy to segmentectomy in 1. LIFE revealed larger abnormal areas of bronchial cancer compared to WLB in 7 (58.3%). Conversely, WLB overestimated the extent of abnormal area in 1 (8.3%). WLB revealed the same cancer area as LIFE in 4. In all patients, the resected bronchial margins were cancer free intraoperatively and postoperatively. Conclusion: LIFE can be more sensitive than WLB and be more beneficial for judging the extent of neoplastic bronchial changes for some patients. LIFE may be a useful modality for the preoperative selection of surgical procedures, especially whether sleeve resection is needed or not, for some centrally located superficial endobronchial carcinoma. [source] | ||||||||||