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Abdominal Temperature (abdominal + temperature)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Medical Sciences	80%

Selected Abstracts

Effects of repeated injections of fibroblast-stimulating lipopeptide-1 on fever, formation of cytokines, and on the responsiveness to endotoxin in guinea-pigs

ACTA PHYSIOLOGICA, Issue 1 2009
A. Greis
Abstract Aims:, We investigated, whether the Toll-like receptors (TLRs)-2/6-agonist fibroblast-stimulating lipopeptide-1 (FSL-1), like the TLR-4 agonist lipopolysaccharide (LPS), induces a state of tolerance. We further tested the influence of repeated pre-treatment with FSL-1 on the animals' responsiveness to LPS. Methods:, Abdominal temperature was recorded in unrestrained guinea-pigs with intra-abdominally implanted radiotransmitters. Circulating concentrations of tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were measured with specific bioassays. We tested the effects of intra-arterial (i.a.) or intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of 100 ,g kg,1 FSL-1, repeated five times at intervals of 3 days. The animals' responses to i.a. or i.p. injections of 10 ,g kg,1 LPS were determined another 3 days later and compared to those of naïve guinea-pigs. Results:, The FSL-1-induced TNF peak was significantly attenuated starting with the third i.a. administration, while fever was unimpaired and the IL-6-peak just tended to decrease. Fever and IL-6 in response to i.a. injections of LPS were identical in both groups, while circulating TNF was higher in naïve compared to FSL-1 pre-treated animals. The effects of repeated i.p. injections of FSL-1 were more pronounced resulting in attenuation of fever as well as circulating TNF and IL-6, the strongest reduction observed after the third stimulation with FSL-1. Repeated i.p. pre-treatment with FSL-1 induced hyporesponsiveness to i.p. administration of LPS compared to naïve animals with regard to fever and especially with regard to LPS-induced formation of cytokines. Conclusions:, There is a development of tolerance to FSL-1 and cross-tolerance between FSL-1 and LPS depending on the route of administration of the respective TLR-2/6 and TLR-4 agonists. [source]

Optimal Body Temperature in Transitional Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants Using Heart Rate and Temperature as Indicators

JOURNAL OF OBSTETRIC, GYNECOLOGIC & NEONATAL NURSING, Issue 1 2010
Robin B. Knobel
ABSTRACT Objective: To explore body temperature in relationship to heart rate in extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants during their first 12 hours to help identify the ideal set point for incubator control of body temperature. Design: Within subject, multiple-case design. Setting: A tertiary neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in North Carolina. Participants: Ten infants born at fewer than 29 weeks gestation and weighing 400 to 1,000 g. Methods: Heart rate and abdominal body temperature were measured at 1-minute intervals for 12 hours. Heart rates were considered normal if they were between the 25th and 75th percentile for each infant. Results: Abdominal temperatures were low throughout the 12-hour study period (mean 35.17-36.68 °C). Seven of 10 infants had significant correlations between abdominal temperature and heart rate. Heart rates above the 75th percentile were associated with low and high abdominal temperatures; heart rates less than the 25th percentile were associated with very low abdominal temperatures. The extent to which abdominal temperature was abnormally low was related to the extent to which the heart rate trended away from normal in 6 of the 10 infants. Optimal temperature control point that maximized normal heart rate observations for each infant was between 36.8 °C and 37 °C. Conclusions: Hypothermia was associated with abnormal heart rates in transitional ELBW infants. We suggest nurses set incubator servo between 36.8 °C and 36.9 °C to optimally control body temperature for ELBW infants. [source]

Influence for testicular development and histological peculiarity in the testes of flutamide-induced cryptorchid rat model

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF UROLOGY, Issue 1 2007
Kentaro Mizuno
Objectives: To investigate influence for the testicular development and to assess the usefulness as an animal model, cryptorchid rats were induced by exposure to flutamide during the fetal period and their testes examined histologically. Methods: Flutamide was injected into the abdomen of pregnant rats for 7 days from the 14th to 20th day of gestation. The male offspring in which cryptorchidism was observed at 28 days after birth were defined as the model rats. They were divided into four groups by dosage of flutamide (2.5 mg, 5 mg, 7.5 mg, 15 mg per day), and their testicular weight, spermatogenesis (modified Johnsen score), and germ cell apoptosis were examined histochemically at 10 weeks after birth. Results: The incidence of cryptorchidism including both unilateral and bilateral in the 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 15-mg flutamide groups was 58.3%, 81.9%, 93.6% and 91.0%, respectively. In the model rats, the undescended testes were located at the caudal end of the abdominal cavity, and these testes weighed less than the contra-descended testes in each group. Histologically, apoptotic cells were markedly increased, the seminiferous tubules were degenerated and disturbance of spermatid differentiation was observed in the undescended testes compared with the normal or contra-lateral descended testes. Conclusions: We found out that the incidence of undescended testes increased in a flutamide dose-dependent manner. The findings of histological examination were independent of the administrated dose of flutamide and it is suggested that exposure of the testes to abdominal temperature causes spermatogenic arrest with germ cell apoptosis. The present animal model indicates high incidence of above 90%, has no surgical stress and dose not require special techniques. We believe that the present model is a useful tool for the understanding of pathogenesis and treatment of cryptorchidism and further biological research into spermatogenesis. [source]