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Abdomen
Kinds of Abdomen Terms modified by Abdomen Selected AbstractsSUCTION DRAIN RETENTION SUTURES IN THE CLOSURE OF THE ACUTE BURST ABDOMENANZ JOURNAL OF SURGERY, Issue 6 2007Garcea Giuseppe MD No abstract is available for this article. [source] HELICOBACTER INFECTION IN CHILDREN WITH APPENDICITIS AND LACTOSE INTOLERANCEJOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY, Issue 12 2000Eva J. Soelaeman Helicobacter pylori eradication has been debated. Most investigators do not recommended treating the infection except in severe case. We report a unique case: H. pylori infection with appendicitis and lactose intolerance. Case report: A 6 year old girl was brought to children and maternity Hospital Harapan Kita due to abdominal pain and vomiting. She had 6- month history of epigastric pain. In the past 2 days, she suffered from abdominal pain arround Mc. Burney area. On physical examination, she was in pain. Her weight was 19 Kg. Vital signs were normal. Findings in heart, lung and extremities were also normal. Abdomen: severe pain in the epigastric and Mc. burney area.Laboratory investigations showed hemoglobin 12 g/dl, leukocyte 12800/ul. Platelets 289000/ul. Bleeding and clotting time were normal. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed inflammation of appendix with 9-mm diameter. Stool examination was normal.Appendectomy was done at the same time with esofagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD). On EGD, we found moderete anthral gastritis. On histopathological examination, we found H. pylori at antral of the stomach. Breath hydrogen test was positive. After H. pylori eradication and milk avoidance, abdominal pain has never occurred. Conclusion: Abdominal: pain is not specific for H. pylori infection. The pain caused by many diseases including H. pylori infection. In our case, we can control abdominal pain by H. pylori eradication. [source] CT-Soft Tissue Window of the Cranial Abdomen in Clinically Normal Dogs: An Anatomical description using Macroscopic Cross-Sections with Vascular InjectionANATOMIA, HISTOLOGIA, EMBRYOLOGIA, Issue 1 2009M. A. Rivero Summary The aim of this study was to provide a detailed anatomic atlas of the cranial abdomen by means of computed tomography (CT). Three mature dogs, all mixed breed males, were used. The dogs were sedated, anaesthetized and positioned in sternal recumbency. CT scans from the eighth thoracic vertebra to the fourth lumbar vertebra were performed using a third-generation equipment (TOSHIBA 600HQ scanner) with 1 cm slice thickness. CT-images of the cranial abdomen were taken with soft-tissue window (WL: ,14, WW: 658) settings. Dogs were killed and vascular-injection technique was performed: red and blue latex filled the vascular system. Injected dogs were frozen in the same position as used for CT examination and sectioned with an electric bandsaw at 1-cm-thick intervals. The cuts matched as closely as possible to the CT-images. The anatomic sections were compared and studied with the corresponding CT-images, and clinically relevant abdominal anatomic structures were identified and labelled on the corresponding CT-images. The results of our study could be used as a reference for evaluating CT-images of the canine cranial abdomen with abdominal diseases. [source] Laparoscopic Surgery of the AbdomenANZ JOURNAL OF SURGERY, Issue 3 2005David I. Watson No abstract is available for this article. [source] Chest wall kinematics, respiratory muscle action and dyspnoea during arm vs. leg exercise in humansACTA PHYSIOLOGICA, Issue 1 2006I. Romagnoli Abstract Aim:, We hypothesize that different patterns of chest wall (CW) kinematics and respiratory muscle coordination contribute to sensation of dyspnoea during unsupported arm exercise (UAE) and leg exercise (LE). Methods:, In six volunteer healthy subjects, we evaluated the volumes of chest wall (Vcw) and its compartments, the pulmonary apposed rib cage (Vrc,p), the diaphragm-abdomen apposed rib cage (Vrc,a) and the abdomen (Vab), by optoelectronic plethysmography. Oesophageal, gastric and trans-diaphragmatic pressures were simultaneously measured. Chest wall relaxation line allowed the measure of peak rib cage inspiratory muscle, expiratory muscle and abdominal muscle pressures. The loop Vrc,p/Vrc,a allowed the calculation of rib cage distortion. Dyspnoea was assessed by a modified Borg scale. Results:, There were some differences and similarities between UAE and LE. Unlike LE with UAE: (i) Vcw and Vrc,p at end inspiration did not increase, whereas a decrease in Vrc,p contributed to decreasing CW end expiratory volume; (ii) pressure production of inspiratory rib cage muscles did not significantly increase from quiet breathing. Not unlike LE, the diaphragm limited its inspiratory contribution to ventilation with UAE with no consistent difference in rib cage distortion between UAE and LE. Finally, changes in abdominal muscle pressure, and inspiratory rib cage muscle pressure predicted 62% and 41.4% of the variability in Borg score with UAE and LE, respectively (P < 0.01). Conclusion:, Leg exercise and UAE are associated with different patterns of CW kinematics, respiratory muscle coordination, and production of dyspnoea. [source] Cutaneous Seeding of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Due to Percutaneous Ethanol Injection and Masquerading as a Pyogenic GranulomaDERMATOLOGIC SURGERY, Issue 3 2004Mei-Ching Lee MD Background. This investigation reports a 68-year-old man with a history of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) diagnosed 2 years previously who developed a single, easy-bleeding, pyogenic granuloma (PG)-like lesion on his right upper abdomen, located in the area of previous therapeutic percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI) for HCC treatment. The lesion developed 3 months after the injection. The tumor was found to be identical to his previous HCC. Objective. To describe a case of cutaneous seeding of HCC during PEI presented as a PG-like lesion. To our knowledge, this is the first such case reported in the literature. Methods. This is a case report and review the literature. Results. Immunostainings for ,-fetoprotein and hepatocyte monoclonal antibody confirmed the diagnosis. Besides, the patient had no other metastatic lesion. Conclusion. This tumor is believed to be caused by cutaneous seeding of HCC during PEI and is simulated clinically as a PG. [source] Giant Melanoma Displaying Gross Features Reproducing Parameters Seen on DermoscopyDERMATOLOGIC SURGERY, Issue 7 2002Vincenzo De Giorgi MD background. The basis of dermoscopy is the strict relationship between dermoscopic features and histology of pigmented skin lesions. methods. When observed under dermoscopy, a pigmented lesion displays a series of features which enable an experienced clinician to classify the lesion with higher accuracy than that expected by visual inspection alone. results. We have observed a peculiar case of a giant cutaneous melanoma occurring on the abdomen of a 45-year-old woman, displaying clinical features strictly resembling those of melanoma under dermoscopy. discussion. The interest of this case is actually purely morphologic, showing for the first time, depending on the extraordinary growth of the lesion, the appearance of gross features strictly reproducing those microscopically found under dermoscopy in smaller lesions. [source] CLINICAL USEFULNESS OF COLONOSCOPIC INSERTION OF A DECOMPRESSION TUBE FOR OBSTRUCTIVE COLORECTAL CANCERDIGESTIVE ENDOSCOPY, Issue 2004Kiyonori Kobayashi ABSTRACT We evaluated the clinical usefulness of colonoscopic insertion of a decompression tube (decompression method) for the treatment of ileus associated with left-sided colorectal cancer. Decompression method was done in 48 patients with colorectal cancer (38 primary cancer, 10 metastatic cancer). A decompression tube was successfully inserted in all but 10 patients who had primary cancer with severe strictures. The overall insertion rate was 79%. Decompression method improved obstructive symptoms and decreased intestinal gas as evaluated on plain X-ray films of the abdomen. Emergency operation was unnecessary in 96% of the patients with primary cancers, in whom the decompression tube was successfully inserted. We conclude that decompression method can improve abdominal symptoms caused by obstructive colorectal cancer and reduce the need for emergency operation. [source] International survey on esophageal cancer: part II staging and neoadjuvant therapyDISEASES OF THE ESOPHAGUS, Issue 3 2009J. Boone SUMMARY The outcome of esophagectomy could be improved by optimal diagnostic strategies leading to adequate preoperative patient selection. Neoadjuvant therapy could improve outcome by increasing the number of radical resections and by controlling metastatic disease. The purposes of this study were to gain insight into the current worldwide practice of staging modalities and neoadjuvant therapy in esophageal cancer, and to detect intercontinental differences. Surgeons with particular interest in esophageal surgery, including members of the International Society for Diseases of the Esophagus, the European Society of Esophagology , Group d'Etude Européen des Maladies de l'Oesophage, and the OESO, were invited to participate in an online questionnaire. Questions were asked regarding staging modalities, neoadjuvant therapy, and response evaluation applied in esophageal cancer patients. Of 567 invited surgeons, 269 participated resulting in a response rate of 47%. The responders currently performing esophagectomies (n= 250; 44%) represented 41 countries across the six continents. Esophagogastroscopy with biopsy and computed tomography (CT) scanning were routinely performed by 98% of responders for diagnosing and staging esophageal cancer, while endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) and barium esophagography were routinely applied by 58% and 51%, respectively. Neoadjuvant therapy is routinely administered by 33% and occasionally by 63% of responders. Of the responders that administer identical neoadjuvant regimens to esophageal adenocarcinoma (AC) and squamous cell carcinoma, 54% favor chemoradiotherapy. For AC, chemotherapy is preferred by 31% of the responders that administer neoadjuvant therapy, whereas for squamous cell carcinoma, the majority of responders (38%) prefer chemoradiotherapy. Response to neoadjuvant therapy is predominantly assessed by CT scanning of the chest and abdomen (86%). Barium esophagography, EUS, and combined CT/PET scan are requested for response monitoring in equal frequency (25%). Substantial differences in applied staging modalities and neoadjuvant regimens were detected between surgeons from different continents. In conclusion, currently the most commonly applied diagnostic modalities for staging and restaging esophageal cancer are CT scanning of the chest and abdomen, gastroscopy, barium esophagography and EUS. Neoadjuvant therapy is routinely applied by one third of the responders. Intercontinental differences have been detected in the diagnostic modalities applied in esophageal cancer staging and in the administration of neoadjuvant therapy. The results of this survey provide baseline data for future research and for the development of international guidelines. [source] Inter-sexual combat and resource allocation into body parts in the spider, Stegodyphus lineatusECOLOGICAL ENTOMOLOGY, Issue 6 2006ALEXEI A. MAKLAKOV Abstract 1.,Sexual conflict, which results from the divergence of genetic interests between males and females, is predicted to affect multiple behavioural, physiological, and morphological traits. 2.,Sexual conflict over mating may interact with population density to produce predictable changes in resource allocation into inter-sexual armament. 3.,In the spider Stegodyphus lineatus, males fight with females over re-mating. The outcome of the fight is influenced by the cephalothorax size of the contestants. The investment in armament , the cephalothorax, may be traded-off against investment in abdomen, which is a trait that affects survival and fecundity. Pay-offs may depend on population density. Both sexes are expected to adjust resource allocation into different body parts accordingly. 4.,Males had increased cephalothorax/body size ratio in low densities where probability of finding another receptive female is low and females had increased cephalothorax/body size ratio in high densities where cumulative costs of multiple mating are high. 5.,The results support the theoretical conjecture that population density affects resource allocation into inter-sexual armament and call for further research on the interaction between sexual selection and population density. [source] Senescence of immune defence in Bombus workersECOLOGICAL ENTOMOLOGY, Issue 2 2002Claudie Doums Abstract 1. Senescence in workers of social insects is a particularly intriguing life-history trait as the future fitness of workers relies primarily on age-dependent survival rate. The pattern of senescence of immune defence traits was investigated under laboratory conditions in workers of two bumble bees: Bombus terrestris and B. lucorum. 2. In both species, there was a significant decrease with age in the ability to encapsulate a foreign object (a global measure of the efficiency of immune systems). This pattern of senescence was observed in all colonies in B. terrestris (seven) and B. lucorum (eight) assayed, even though, for the latter, there was some heterogeneity among colonies. 3. In B. terrestris, two other measures of immune defence were taken: the relative percentage of fat body in the abdomen and the concentration of haemocytes (the immune defence cells). The quantity of fat body increased only slightly with age and there was no effect for the concentration of haemocytes. Interestingly, the concentration of haemocytes decreased strongly after an encapsulation response, regardless of the age of workers. 4. The importance of the senescence pattern observed for the immune defence traits is discussed in the context of the social biology of workers. [source] Diagnosis at dusk: Malignant hypertension and phaeochromocytoma in a 6-year-old girlEMERGENCY MEDICINE AUSTRALASIA, Issue 1 2008John Corcoran Abstract Phaeochromocytoma is a rare catecholamine-secreting tumour that may arise at any age, but is particularly unusual in childhood. The case of a 6-year-old girl who presented with a prolonged history of general malaise, headaches and abdominal pain is reported. On examination, she was noted to have malignant hypertension. Subsequent imaging of the abdomen demonstrated a left adrenal mass, with the diagnosis of phaeochromocytoma being confirmed by serial raised urinary metanephrines. Sympathetic blockade was established prior to definitive surgical treatment, resulting in complete resolution of the patient's symptoms and hypertension. Genetic screening of the family has since identified a previously undocumented missense mutation in the patient's VHL gene. The case raises the importance of routine measurement of blood pressure in all paediatric patients regardless of age, presentation or other factors. [source] State of play: Clearing the thoracolumbar spine in blunt trauma victimsEMERGENCY MEDICINE AUSTRALASIA, Issue 5-6 2006Marten C Howes Abstract Introduction:, The present article reviews the clinical and imaging clearance of the thoracic and lumbar spines of blunt trauma victims and the evolution of these strategies with the use of new imaging technologies. Methods:, A comprehensive literature search was performed, and articles identified were critically appraised Results:, Twenty papers were identified, 12 directly comparing computed tomography screening with plain X-rays. Evidence-based protocols are presented. The evolution of imaging strategies in response to new technology is described. Conclusions:, Thoracolumbar spine screening is best done using reformatted images acquired when scanning the chest and abdomen of high-risk multi-trauma patients. If computed tomography is not clinically indicated for investigation of other injuries then plain films are the first line investigation. [source] Bilateral theca lutein cysts: A rare cause of acute abdomen in pregnancyEMERGENCY MEDICINE AUSTRALASIA, Issue 5-6 2004Geetika Upadhyaya Abstract Theca lutein cysts (hyperreactio luteinalis) are benign cysts usually associated with molar pregnancy. We report a case of bilateral theca lutein cysts with normal intrauterine singleton pregnancy presenting as an acute abdomen requiring surgical intervention. Laparotomy revealed bilateral theca lutein cysts one of which was torted, necessitating salpingo-ovariotomy. [source] Antiepileptic Therapies in the Mifi Province in CameroonEPILEPSIA, Issue 4 2000P.-M. Preux Summary: Purpose: To evaluate the availability and accessibility of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) in two health districts in Cameroon. Methods: The study included 33 patients with epilepsy, 26 physicians, 13 private pharmacists, eight hospital pharmacists, three distributors, and eight traditional healers. Structured questionnaires were used to assess the knowledge of the disease, treatment accessibility, the methods of prescriptions, and the availability and the frequency of delivery of drugs. Results: Only one of 33 patients did not take modern treatment; 91% of the patients were followed up by a traditional healer, and 78%, by an hospital physician. Phenobarbitone (PB) was the most frequently prescribed drug by 69% of the doctors; 54% of the physicians considered the traditional therapies to be incompatible with modern drug treatment. By pharmacists, PB was delivered regularly. Other drugs went out of stock frequently. The number of packages in stock varied significantly directly with the frequency of delivery. The mean price per package and the mean number of packages in stock were higher in the public hospital pharmacies than in the private pharmacies. A majority of healers explained epilepsy as the presence of excess foam in the abdomen. The remedies proposed were to stop foam secretion. Conclusions: Availability of AEDs was quite high, but with no strict correspondence between the rate of prescriptions and the supply of the drugs. [source] Foal colic: practical imaging of the abdomenEQUINE VETERINARY EDUCATION, Issue S6 2003H. N. Neal First page of article [source] Social Behavior of Larvae of the Neotropical Processionary Weevil Phelypera distigma (Boheman) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Hyperinae)ETHOLOGY, Issue 7 2004James T. Costa Socially gregarious behavior among free-living leaf-eating insect larvae occurs mostly among Lepidoptera, Symphyta, and a few Chyrsomelidae (Coleoptera). However, the Neotropical hyperine curculionid Phelypera distigma has also evolved this lifestyle, exhibiting a suite of social behaviors unique among beetles. The larvae are nomadic processionary foragers that punctuate foraging bouts with rosette-shaped resting formations (cycloalexy). Larvae also vibrate or bob their heads rapidly when moving, especially when in contact with conspecifics, and this suggests acoustic or vibrational communication. In this study we used observational and experimental approaches to investigate the basis of processionary, cycloalexic,and head-vibration behavior of this species. Larvae used both trail pheromones and thigmotactic signals to organize themselves into head-to-tail processionary columns. The trail pheromone, produced from the center of the abdomen, remains active for up to 4 h. Processions are not consistently led by particular individuals, but dynamically change over time and often temporarily break into two or more subprocessions. Subprocessions reunite through use of the trail pheromone. We found no evidence that head-bobbing generates attraction through substrate-borne or acoustic signals, but this behavior functions in direct contact to excite group activity. Time-lapse videography used to analyze cycloalexic group formation showed that larvae transition from feeding in a line along the leaf margin to cycloalexic formations on the upper leaf surface via a coordinated back-up movement that brings the posterior tip of their abdomens into contact. We identify three phases of cycloalexic formation: line-up, back-up, and an adjustment phase. Complete assembly can be achieved in as little as 5 s, but often the two phases establishing the basic rosette lasts 5,10 min, while the adjustment phase slowly tightens the group over a period of up to an hour. Collectively these studies present the first documented case of chemical trail marking in a beetle, and provide insight into a remarkable social-behavioral repertoire convergent in key respects with the better-studied social caterpillars and sawflies. [source] Acute intestinal obstruction due to intramural haemorrhage in small intestine in a patient with severe haemophilia A and inhibitorEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HAEMATOLOGY, Issue 2 2005Khaled M. A. Ramadan Abstract:, Patients with severe haemophilia A usually present with joint, gastrointestinal and urinary tract haemorrhage. Bleeding elsewhere is often precipitated by pre-existing pathology or trauma. We report a patient with severe haemophilia A, who presented with symptoms of acute intestinal obstruction. He has a factor VIII inhibitor and receives recombinant factor VIIa on demand at home. The CT scan of abdomen showed dilated small intestine with fluid filled loops and a long segment in the jejunum with marked transmural thickening. There was no other pathology in the small intestine. These appearances were consistent with intramural haemorrhage in the small intestine as the cause of acute obstruction. He was managed conservatively with recombinant factor VIIa and this resulted in resolution of his symptoms. This case highlights an unusual presentation of bleeding in a haemophilia patient. Intestinal obstruction due to haemorrhage in the small intestinal wall is extremely rare and only previously reported in a few haemophilia patients. It also highlights the effectiveness of conservative management with recombinant factor VIIa as opposed to immediate exploratory surgery. [source] Screening of urocanic acid isomers in human basal and squamous cell carcinoma tumors compared with tumor periphery and healthy skinEXPERIMENTAL DERMATOLOGY, Issue 10 2008Juan Manuel Decara Abstract:,Trans -urocanic acid is a major chromophore for ultraviolet (UV) radiation in human epidermis. The UV induces photoisomerization of trans -urocanic acid (tUCA) form to cis -urocanic acid (cUCA) and has been reported as an important mediator in the immunosuppression induced by UV. This immunomodulation has been recognized as an important factor related to skin cancer development. This is the first time that UCA isomers have been measured in epidermis of skin biopsies from patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and with basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and compared with the tumor periphery and biopsies of healthy photoexposed and non-photoexposed skin as controls. The UCA isomers were separated and quantified by high performance liquid chromatography. Analysis of UCA in healthy skin showed significant increase in total UCA content in non-photoexposed body sites compared with highly exposed skins. In contrast, the percentage of cUCA was higher in photoexposed body sites. Maximal levels of cUCA were found in cheek, forehead and forearm and lower levels in abdomen and thigh. No differences were found in total UCA concentration between the tumor samples and healthy photoexposed skin. However, differences were found in relation between isomers. Higher levels of cUCA were detected in SCC biopsies (44% of total UCA) compared with samples of BCC and that of healthy photoexposed skin (30%). These results suggest that the UV radiation exposure, a main factor in development of SCC can be mediated, apart from direct effect to cells (DNA damage), by immunosuppression pathways mediated by high production of cUCA. [source] Markedly attenuated acute and chronic pain responses in mice lacking adenylyl cyclase-5GENES, BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR, Issue 2 2007K.-S. Kim Chronic inflammatory and neuropathic pain is often difficult to manage using conventional remedies. The underlying mechanisms and therapeutic strategies required for the management of chronic pain need to be urgently established. The cyclic AMP (cAMP) second messenger system has been implicated in the mechanism of nociception, and the inhibition of the cAMP pathway by blocking the activities of adenylyl cyclase (AC) and protein kinase A has been found to prevent chronic pain in animal models. However, little is known regarding which of the 10 known isoforms of AC are involved in nociceptive pathways. Therefore, we investigated the potential pronociceptive function of AC5 in nociception using recently developed AC5 knockout mice (AC5,/,). We found that AC5,/, mice show markedly attenuated pain-like responses in acute thermal and mechanical pain tests as compared with the wildtype control. Also, AC5,/, mice display hypoalgesic responses to inflammatory pain induced by subcutaneous formalin injection into hindpaws, and to non-inflammatory and inflammatory visceral pain induced by injecting magnesium sulfate or acetic acid into the abdomen. Moreover, AC5,/, mice show strongly suppressed mechanical and thermal allodynia in two nerve injury-induced neuropathic pain models. These results suggest that AC5 is essential for acute and chronic pain, and that AC5 knockout mice provide a useful model for the evaluation of the pathophysiological mechanisms of pain. [source] CT of the chest and abdomen in patients with newly diagnosed head and neck squamous cell carcinoma,HEAD & NECK: JOURNAL FOR THE SCIENCES & SPECIALTIES OF THE HEAD AND NECK, Issue 10 2005Harri T. Keski-Säntti MD Abstract Background. The benefits of CT scanning of the chest and abdomen as a routine screening method for patients with newly diagnosed head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remain unclear. Methods. Consecutive patients with a primary HNSCC (T classification, T2,T4) and or regionally metastatic disease (ie, N+) were eligible for inclusion. Patients who were considered incurable and patients with recurrent disease were excluded. CT scans of the chest and abdomen were performed. Results. We examined 100 patients. Two patients had pulmonary metastases at presentation. An occult aortic aneurysm required surgical repair before anticancer therapy in one patient. In many patients, nonspecific CT findings warranted further examinations or close follow-up. The abdominal CT was negative for metastatic HNSCC in all patients. Conclusions. Routine CT screening of the chest and abdomen resulted in upstaging of disease in two patients (2%) and altered the treatment approach in three patients (3%). Abdominal CT does not seem beneficial in patients with previously untreated HNSCC. Chest CT is not indicated routinely. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck27: XXX,XXX, 2005 [source] Chylous effusions complicating lymphoma: a serious event with octreotide as a treatment optionHEMATOLOGICAL ONCOLOGY, Issue 2 2003J. Evans Abstract Chylous effusions have an identical appearance to milk and occur when the thoracic duct is blocked. Since chyle represents direct absorption of fat from the small intestine lacteals, it is rich in fat, calories, vitamins and immunoglobulins. Drainage of this milk-like fluid from any cavity (chest or abdomen) results in rapid weight loss and profound cachexia. The recognition of this milk-like fluid as chyle is urgent for the implementation of the correct treatment. In adults, lymphoma is one of the commonest malignancies to cause blockages in the thoracic duct. Once the diagnosis is made, conservative treatment with strict dietary adjustment often fails to prevent weight loss or resolve the underlying cause. Since the condition is uncommon, no guidelines exist. Many surgeons recommend early surgical intervention before the patient becomes too weak. Surgery may also fail. We report the case of a 62-year-old man with chylous effusions and a weight loss of 30,kg. The nature of the effusion was unrecognized for the first 16 weeks. Upon diagnosis, dietary adjustment was made and a lymphangiogram organized with a view to surgery. Literature searches revealed two cases in which somatostatin was used after surgical procedures failed. We therefore used octreotide (a synthetic analogue of somatostatin). We report complete resolution of the condition within 72,h leading to the resumption of a normal diet and discharge within 2 weeks. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] A standardized, comprehensive magnetic resonance imaging protocol for rapid and precise quantification of HIV-1-associated lipodystrophyHIV MEDICINE, Issue 7 2007M Bickel Objectives Although multiple methods have been proposed, there is no current gold standard for assessing HIV-1-associated lipodystrophy. Methods HIV-1-infected participants were randomly enrolled and surveyed about changes in the abdomen, thigh, cheek and neck areas. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences of these sites were obtained. Participants were grouped according to survey results, and the MRI measurements were compared between groups. Results One hundred participants were included in the study, of whom 79% reported any body fat changes. Persons reporting increased abdominal girth had higher visceral ([mean±standard deviation] 142±75 vs. 59±48 cm2; P<0.0001) and total abdominal adipose tissue than those reporting no change (344±119 vs. 201±95 cm2; P<0.0001). The amount of localized fat was less for persons reporting sunken cheeks and reduced diameter of the legs compared with those who noted no changes (5.9±3.6 vs. 9.3±3.8 cm2; P<0.0001, and 35±28 vs. 112±56 cm2; P<0.0001). Participants reporting increased neck girth had a thicker fat layer in the dorsocervical region compared with those reporting no change (4.0±1.8 vs. 2.3±1.4 cm; P<0.0002). Conclusions MRI is a precise method for rapidly surveying body regions affected by HIV-1-associated lipodystrophy. Our proposed protocol provides a rapid, comprehensive survey of these areas, without the need to combine multiple modalities or to expose subjects to radiation. [source] Disseminated bony metastases following incidental gallbladder cancer detected after laparoscopic cholecystectomyHPB, Issue 4 2003F Youssef Background In patients with gallbladder cancer bony metastases are usually a late feature. Case outline A 47-year-old woman presented with a 2-month history of right upper quadrant pain. Ultrasound scan showed gallstones and a thick-walled gallbladder. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed. Histopathology showed poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma infiltrating the muscular layer and vascular invasion. She was referred for further surgery. Staging CT scan of the abdomen showed no local residual disease. However Tc-99 bone scan suggested disseminated bony metastases, which were confirmed by bone trephine biopsy. The cancer progressed rapidly and the patient died 4 months after the diagnosis. Discussion Bone metastases can occur with early gallbladder cancer and a radioisotope bone scan can avoid unnecessary extensive liver surgery. [source] Simultaneous administration of a low-dose mixture of donor bone marrow cells and splenocytes plus adenovirus containing the CTLA4Ig gene result in stable mixed chimerism and long-term survival of cardiac allograft in ratsIMMUNOLOGY, Issue 2 2003Yongzhu Jin Summary T-cell costimulatory blockade combined with donor bone marrow transfusion may induce mixed chimerism, rendering robust tolerance in transplanted organs and cells. However, most protocols entail high doses of donor bone marrow cells (BMCs) or repeated administration of costly agents that block costimulatory pathways, thus delaying clinical development. To circumvent these shortcomings, we developed a strategy in which the dosage of donor BMCs was reduced but compensated by donor splenocytes (SPLCs). Furthermore, repeated administration of costly agents was replaced with a single injection of adenovirus expressing a gene of interest. In rat cardiac transplantation models, cardiac allografts from DA (RT-1a) rats were transplanted heterotopically into the abdomen of LEW (RT-11) recipient rats. Immediately after cardiac transplantation, an adenovirus vector (AdCTLA4Ig; 5 × 109 plaque-forming units) containing the gene for CTLA4Ig was administered to recipients (n = 6) simultaneously with a low dose of donor BMCs (1 × 108/rat) and SPLCs (5 × 107/rat) via the portal vein. The treated LEW recipient rats developed long-lasting mixed chimerism (>10% at >100 days) and exhibited long-term cardiac allografts (mean survival time of > 200 days) compared with control recipients. Moreover, recipients displaying long-lasting mixed chimerism accepted subsequent donor skin allografts while promptly rejecting third-party skin allografts. These results suggest that blockade of the CD28-B7 pathway, using adenovirus-mediated CTLA4Ig gene transfer, in concert with a low dosage of donor BMCs and SPLCs, may represent a feasible strategy to induce stable mixed chimerism and permit long-term survival of cardiac allografts. [source] Expression of a pheromone receptor in ovipositor sensilla of the female moth (Heliothis virescens)INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, Issue 4 2009P. Widmayer Abstract Female moths release pheromones that influence various behavioral and physiological processes. The highly specific responses elicited by pheromones are mediated via specific chemosensory proteins, pheromone binding proteins and chemoreceptors, operating in the antennal sensory neurons. In Heliothis virescens, the response to the major pheromone component (Z)-11-hexadecenal (Z11-16:Al) is mediated by the pheromone binding protein PBP2 and the receptor type HR13. PCR experiments revealed that transcripts for relevant chemosensory molecules are also present in the abdomen suggesting an additional role. In the female, mRNA for HR13 as well as for the related PBP2 was found in the ovipositor tip and in an immunohistochemical analysis with a specific antiserum it was possible to visualize the receptor protein in distinct sensilla types surrounding the ovipositor tip. The expression of HR13 implies a chemosensory responsiveness of these sensilla types to pheromones possibly provided by PBP2. Due to the close vicinity of sensillar HR13 cells and pheromone producing cells in the ovipositor we propose that the HR13 cells might mediate abdominal responses to the emitted pheromones. [source] TWO NEW SPECIES OF MICROGASTER LATREILLE (HYMENOPTERA: BRACONIDAE) FROM CHINA,INSECT SCIENCE, Issue 3 2000XU Wei-an Abstract The present paper describes two new species of Microgaster Latreille, 1804, viz: M. longiterebra sp. nov. (,) and M. longicaudatus sp. nov. (,). M. longiterebra sp. nov. is described from Kunming, Yunnan Prov. in China closely related to M. subcompletus, but differs from the latter in the combination of the following features: 1) APOL as long as OD; 2) Mesonotum strongly punctate on anterior 2/ 3) r shorter than width of stigma; 4) cu-a of hind wing medially curved; 5) Apex of hypopygium ending far beyond apex of abdomen. M. longicaudatus sp. nov. is described from Tianmushan, Zhejiang Prov. in China closely related to M. ductilis, but differs from the latter in the combination of the following features: 1) middle and hind femora reddish yellow only with apical 1/4 blackish; 2) 1-SR 0.5 times as long as 1-M; 3) the hairy part of ovipositor sheath 0.5 times as long as hind tibia; 4) tergite 3 with slightly weaker rugosity. The type specimens are deposited in Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China. [source] An apparently sporadic paraganglioma with an SDHB gene germline mutation presenting at age 68 yearsINTERNAL MEDICINE JOURNAL, Issue 2 2006M. S. Elston Abstract Paragangliomas (PGLs) are rare tumours arising from parasympathetic-associated paraganglia (particularly of the head and neck) or from sympathetic-associated paraganglia such as in the adrenal medulla when they are termed phaeochromocytomas and at extra-adrenal sites in the abdomen and thorax. Recent reports have found frequent germline mutations of VHL, RET, SDHB or SDHD not only in familial cases but also in apparently sporadic cases of phaeochromocytoma. These germline mutations are particularly likely to be found if multifocal disease is present or if the phaeochromocytoma or PGL occurs at a young age. We report a germline splice site mutation in SDHB in a patient presenting with an incidental, apparently sporadic, abdominal sympathetic PGL at 68 years of age. [source] Larger tidal volume increases sevoflurane uptake in blood: a randomized clinical studyACTA ANAESTHESIOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA, Issue 9 2010B. ENEKVIST Background: The rate of uptake of volatile anesthetics is dependent on alveolar concentration and ventilation, blood solubility and cardiac output. We wanted to determine whether increased tidal volume (VT), with unchanged end-tidal carbon dioxide partial pressure (PETCO2), could affect the arterial concentration of sevoflurane. Methods: Prospective, randomized, clinical study. ASA physical status 2 and II patients scheduled for elective surgery of the lower abdomen were randomly assigned to one of the two groups with 10 patients in each: one group with normal VT (NVT) and one group with increased VT (IVT) achieved by increasing the inspired plateau pressure 0.04 cmH2O/kg above the initial plateau pressure. A corrugated tube added extra apparatus dead space to maintain PETCO2 at 4.5 kPa. The respiratory rate was set at 15 min,1, and sevoflurane was delivered to the fresh gas by a vaporizer set at 3%. Arterial sevoflurane tensions (Pasevo), Fisevo, PETsevo, PETCO2, PaCO2, VT and airway pressure were measured. Results: The two groups of patients were similar with regard to gender, age, weight, height and body mass index. The mean PETsevo did not differ between the groups. Throughout the observation time, arterial sevoflurane tension (mean±SE) was significantly higher in the IVT group compared with the NVT group, e.g. 1.9±0.23 vs. 1.6±0.25 kPa after 60 min of anesthesia (P<0.05). Conclusion: Ventilation with larger tidal volumes with isocapnia maintained with added dead-space volume increases the tension of sevoflurane in arterial blood. [source] Nonagenarian surgical admissions for the acute abdomen: who benefits?INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PRACTICE, Issue 11 2010Z. Toumi Summary Introduction:, Patients 90 years and older form an increasing proportion of the general population. Outcomes of their acute surgical admissions are not well documented. Methods and materials:, Surgical management of 49 consecutive nonagenarian admissions (median age: 92 years) with an acute abdomen was compared with the management and outcome of 50 younger patients (median age: 53.5) admitted with a suspected acute abdomen over the same period. Results:, Nonagenarian group consisted of mainly women (71% vs. 50%; p = 0.003). The use of laboratory investigations and imaging was similar for the patients aged over 90 and the younger patients, although proportionately fewer nonagenarians were investigated by abdominal CT scan (8% vs. 24%). Of the 49 nonagenarian patients admitted, only 4% (n = 2) were operated on. In contrast, 38% (n = 19) of patients aged 50,59 (p = 0.0001) underwent a surgical intervention. A much greater proportion of nonagenarians died in hospital than patients in the 50,59 comparator group (16% nonagenarians vs. 4% comparator patients; p = 0.04). The very large majority of survivors in both age groups were discharged back to their preadmission domicile [39 (95%) nonagenarians vs. 46 (96%) comparator 50,59 year group]. Conclusions:, In this study, when compared with younger patients, very few nonagenarian patients (2%) with a suspected acute abdomen benefited from surgical admission. Instead, the large majority of nonagenarians either died or were discharged back to their home address without surgery. [source] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||