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Breast Cancer Rates (breast + cancer_rate)
Selected AbstractsComparison of Fracture, Cardiovascular Event, and Breast Cancer Rates at 3 Years in Postmenopausal Women with OsteoporosisJOURNAL OF AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY, Issue 9 2004Stuart L. Silverman MD Objectives: To compare event rates for osteoporotic fractures, cardiovascular events, and breast cancer in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. Design: A prospective, observational study of the placebo group in the double-blind, randomized Multiple Outcomes of Raloxifene Evaluation trial. Setting: One hundred eighty clinical research centers in 25 countries. Participants: Postmenopausal women (n=2,565, mean age=67) with osteoporosis were given calcium (500 mg/d) and vitamin D (400,600 IU/d) supplements. Measurements: The occurrence of at least one new fracture, cardiovascular event, or breast cancer diagnosis at 3 years was identified and adjudicated. Results: The occurrence of any fracture was the most common event in these women. In women without prevalent vertebral fractures (n=1,627), the event rates per 1,000 patient-years were 45.4 for any fracture, 15.2 for vertebral fracture, 4.7 for clinical vertebral fracture, 0.9 for hip fracture, 8.3 for any cardiovascular event, and 5.2 for all breast cancer. In women with prevalent vertebral fractures (n=938), the event rates per 1,000 patient-years were 117.4 for any new fracture, 77.1 for new vertebral fracture, 25.7 for clinical vertebral fracture, 5.8 for hip fracture, 15.1 for any cardiovascular event, and 2.6 for all breast cancer. The effect of prevalent fracture status on event rates was not dependent on whether women were older or younger than 65, but women aged 65 and older had a 3.6 times greater occurrence of cardiovascular events than younger women, irrespective of prevalent fracture status. Conclusion: These data on the relative incidence of clinically significant skeletal and extra-skeletal outcomes may be useful in choosing an agent for health maintenance for postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. [source] Cancer incidence in patients with schizophrenia and their first-degree relatives , a meta-analysisACTA PSYCHIATRICA SCANDINAVICA, Issue 5 2008V. S. Catts Objective:, Controversy concerning cancer incidence in schizophrenia exists because of heterogeneous study findings. Method:, A meta-analysis was performed on standardized incidence ratios (SIR) of cancer in patients with schizophrenia and first-degree relatives and compared with general population samples. Results:, The pooled overall cancer incidence in patients was not significantly increased (SIR = 1.05, CI 0.95,1.15). Lung cancer incidence was slightly increased (SIR = 1.31, CI 1.01,1.71), but was reduced after adjusting for smoking prevalence. The incidence of several cancers unrelated to smoking was reduced in patients. Breast cancer rates were significantly increased in female patients. The pooled overall cancer incidence in siblings (SIR = 0.89, CI 0.84,0.94) and parents (SIR = 0.90, CI 0.88,0.93) was significantly reduced. A meta-regression detected a significant relationship between cancer risk in the general population and relative risk in patients. Conclusion:, The meta-analysis aided exploration of inconsistent study findings. There is a discrepancy between cancer risk exposure and cancer incidence in schizophrenia consistent with a protective effect. [source] Low-risk factor profile, estrogen levels, and breast cancer risk among postmenopausal womenINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER, Issue 8 2009Naja Hulvej Rod Abstract Obesity, alcohol consumption, physical inactivity and postmenopausal hormone use are known modifiable risk factors for breast cancer. We aim to measure incidence rates of breast cancer for women with favorable levels on all 4 risk factors (BMI , 30 kg/m2, alcohol <1 drink/week, physically active and no current hormone use) and to evaluate their associations with estrogen. The 5,054 postmenopausal women in the Copenhagen City Heart Study were asked about risk factors at baseline in 1981,3 and were followed until 2002 in the Danish Cancer Registry, with <0.1% loss to follow-up. Estradiol was measured in a subset of 1,042 women. During follow-up, 263 women developed breast cancer. Twenty-six percent of the women had a favourable risk factor profile, and their breast cancer rates were markedly lower (154 per 100,000 years) than women with 3+ risk factors (460 per 100,000 years). One, two and three risk factors were associated with hazard ratios of 1.38 (95% CI: 0.99; 1.92), 1.84 (1.26; 2.67) and 2.79 (1.59; 4.88) compared to women with a favourable profile. Each of the risk factors was associated with estrogen. In conclusion, the risk of breast cancer was markedly lower for women with a favourable risk profile than for other women and lower estrogen levels is a possible explanation. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Recent trends in breast cancer incidence among 6 Asian groups in the Greater Bay Area of Northern California,INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER, Issue 6 2007Theresa H.M. Keegan Abstract Asians and Pacific Islanders are typically aggregated in United States (US) cancer statistics even though the few studies that have considered subgroups separately have found marked differences in cancer incidence. The objective of this study was to evaluate trends in breast cancer incidence rates separately for US Chinese, Japanese, Filipino, Korean, South Asian and Vietnamese women overall and by age at diagnosis, histologic subtype and stage at diagnosis. Age-adjusted incidence rates and annual percent changes (APC) of new, primary breast cancer diagnosed in the Greater Bay Area Cancer Registry of Northern California (1990,2002) were calculated using SEER*Stat. In women under 50 years of age, annual incidence rates decreased for Japanese (APC = ,4.1, p = 0.02) and Filipinas (APC = ,1.9, p = 0.11), and increased or fluctuated in other subgroups over the study period. In women 50 years or older, rates of invasive breast cancer increased for most subgroups, except Filipinas (APC = ,1.3, p = 0.32), and in Japanese until 1998,2000. Rates of breast cancer in situ increased in most subgroups from 1990 to 2002, as did rates of lobular breast cancer for Chinese (APC = +7.46, p < 0.01) women. In Japanese women, rates of lobular breast cancer were highest in 1995,1997 and decreased thereafter. Our data support the notion that the prevalence of established risk factors influence breast cancer incidence, as breast cancer rates increased for more recently immigrated groups and decreased among more established groups, and may suggest leads into other avenues of research, such as genetic differences, that may explain differences in incidence rates among Asian subgroups. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Breast cancer incidence among American Indian and Alaska Native women: US, 1999,2004,,§CANCER, Issue S5 2008Phyllis A. Wingo PhD Abstract BACKGROUND. Breast cancer is a leading cause of cancer morbidity and mortality among American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) women. Although published studies have suggested that breast cancer rates among AI/AN women are lower than those among other racial and ethnic populations, accurate determinations of the breast cancer burden have been hampered by misclassification of AI/AN race. METHODS. Cancer incidence data from the National Program of Cancer Registries and the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program were combined to estimate age-adjusted rates for the diagnosis years 1999 through 2004. Several steps were taken to reduce the misclassification of AI/AN race: linking cases to Indian Health Service (IHS) patient services database, restricting analyses to Contract Health Service Delivery Area counties, and stratifying results by IHS region. RESULTS. Breast cancer incidence rates among AI/AN women varied nearly 3-fold across IHS regions. The highest rates were in Alaska (134.8) and the Plains (Northern, 115.9; Southern, 115.7), and the lowest rates were in the Southwest (50.8). The rate in Alaska was similar to the rate among non-Hispanic white (NHW) women in Alaska. Overall, AI/AN women had lower rates of breast cancer than NHW women, but AI/AN women were more likely to be diagnosed with late-stage disease. CONCLUSIONS. To the authors' knowledge, this report provides the most comprehensive breast cancer incidence data for AI/AN women to date. The wide regional variation indicates an important need for etiologic and health services research, and the large percentage of AI/AN women with late-stage disease demands innovative approaches for increasing access to screening. Cancer 2008;113(5 suppl):1191,202. Published 2008 by the American Cancer Society. [source] Cost-effectiveness analysis of screening modalities for breast cancer in Japan with special reference to women aged 40,49 yearsCANCER SCIENCE, Issue 11 2006Koji Ohnuki Although the introduction of screening mammography in Japan would be expected to reduce mortality from breast cancer, the optimal screening modality in terms of cost-effectiveness remains unclear. We compared the cost-effectiveness ratio, defined as the cost required for a life-year saved, among the following three strategies: (1) annual clinical breast examination; (2) annual clinical breast examination combined with mammography; and (3) biennial clinical breast examination combined with mammography for women aged 30,79 years using a hypothetical cohort of 100 000. The sensitivity, specificity and early breast cancer rates were derived from studies conducted from 1995 to 2000 in Miyagi Prefecture. The treatment costs were based on a questionnaire survey conducted at 13 institutions in Japan. We used updated parameters that were needed in the analysis. Although the effectiveness of treatment in terms of the number of expected survival years was highest for annual combined modality, biennial combined modality had a higher cost-effectiveness ratio, followed by annual combined modality and annual clinical breast examination in all age groups. In women aged 40,49 years, annual combined modality saved 852.9 lives and the cost/survival duration was 3 394 300 yen/year, whereas for biennial combined modality the corresponding figures were 833.8 and 2 025 100 yen/year, respectively. Annual clinical breast examination did not confer any advantages in terms of effectiveness (815.5 lives saved) or cost-effectiveness (3 669 900 yen/year). While the annual combined modality was the most effective with respect to life-years saved among women aged 40,49 years, biennial combined modality was found to provide the highest cost-effectiveness. (Cancer Sci 2006; 97: 1242,1247) [source] | ||||||||||