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Brands
Kinds of Brands Terms modified by Brands Selected AbstractsA SURVEY OF THE QUALITY OF SIX RETAIL BRANDS OF BONELESS, SKINLESS CHICKEN BREAST FILLETS OBTAINED FROM RETAIL SUPERMARKETS IN THE ATHENS, GEORGIA AREA,JOURNAL OF FOOD QUALITY, Issue 6 2007HONG ZHUANG ABSTRACT To assess the variation in quality of chicken breast fillets available from retail supermarkets, six brands of boneless, skinless fillets without additives were obtained from the fresh counter at grocery stores in Athens, GA, and the surrounding area during fall of 2005. The samples were stored at ,20C and subsequently cooked using a Henny Penny MCS-6 combi oven (Henny Penny Corp., Eaton, OH). Quality parameters of the fillets were measured on the cooked chicken breast fillets including cook yield, descriptive sensory flavor and texture profiling, and Warner,Bratzler (WB) shear force. Our results show that the average cook yield ranged from 78.1 to 80.9%, the average intensity of individual descriptive sensory characteristics was less than 5.4 in a 0,15 universal scale, and WB shear force values were less than 5.2 kg. There were no significant differences in the intensity among brands of all flavor attributes and the texture characteristics associated with moisture. However, significant differences were found among the brands for cook yield, mechanical properties of texture (including springiness, cohesiveness, hardness and chewiness) and WB shear force values. The variation of WB shear force measurements (coefficient of variation) depended on brand. These results indicate that differences exist in the quality and shear force consistency among market brands of boneless, skinless chicken breast fillets available in Athens, GA, and the surrounding area. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS This study is the first survey reported to evaluate the quality of boneless, skinless chicken breast products without additives in U.S. retail market. This study supplies the evidence that the intensity of sensory quality is mild of cooked boneless, skinless chicken breast products and there are the differences in the quality among the different retail brands obtained by consumers. [source] "Face of the Brand": A design methodology with global potentialDESIGN MANAGEMENT REVIEW, Issue 4 2001Dannielle Blumenthal To cope with the multiplicity of world markets, Dannielle Blumenthal presents a strategy known as "face of the brand." In this approach, brand is less about a uniform message and logo and more about a distinctive competitive position expressed through a palette of images, colors, shapes, and language that can, without losing its global impact,be designed and adapted to suit the nuances of individual cultures and consumer preferences. [source] Brand and Branding GeographiesGEOGRAPHY COMPASS (ELECTRONIC), Issue 1 2009Andy Pike Brands and branding can sometimes seem pervasive. Yet, the geographies of brands and branding have been relatively neglected and under-researched, especially in economic geography. The focus here is the historically longstanding and well-established brands and branding of goods and services. Drawing on empirical examples to ground its claims, the argument seeks to establish the entangled geographies of branded objects and branding processes, advocates reading their socio-spatial histories, explains their uneven geographies and relationships to uneven development and explores their potential and pitfalls for territorial development locally and regionally. The conclusion is that brands and branding geographies have the potential to stimulate a novel approach to addressing spatial questions at the intersections of economic, social, cultural, political and ecological geographies that can transcend the more ,traditional' and longstanding foci of firms and industries for ,new economic geographies'. Ideas to contribute to future research on brand and branding geographies are then sketched out. [source] A New Brand in ImagingIMAGING & MICROSCOPY (ELECTRONIC), Issue 1 2008Five Imaging Companies Formed MAG In Late 200 The Microimaging Applications Group (MAG) comprises five imaging technology leaders: Gatan, Media Cybernetics, Photometrics, QImaging, and MAG Biosystems. These partners work independently as well as in synergy to offer an unparalleled range of solutions for microimaging applications. Michael Reubold spoke with Steven Ridge, MAG's Vice President of Marketing about the concept and strategy behind the formation of MAG. [source] Combining Stated and Revealed Preferences on Typical Food Products: The Case of Dry-Cured Ham in SpainJOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS, Issue 3 2010Helena Resano-Ezcaray C25; D12; Q13; Q18 Abstract An extensive body of research concerns the valuation of EU certification schemes of quality based on the origin of food products. This literature focuses mainly on stated preferences (SPs) and reported behaviours by the consumers. We combine consumers' SPs, obtained through a conjoint ranking experiment, with revealed preferences (RP), obtained through a retail scanner database. We evaluate SPs as predictors of RP, and investigate whether SPs and RPs are consistent. Dry-cured ham in Spain is chosen as the anchor product, mainly because of its broad customer base and long history of origin certification. A ,trick' nested logit model with non-identical and identical samples of consumers is estimated to answer each of the objectives. Results show that, irrespective of the analysed samples, SP can predict general market trends and choices but not accurately predict market shares, and that consumers' actual behaviour is partly consistent with their SPs. We find that consumers prefer ham produced in Teruel, compared with unspecified Spanish origin. Quality Certification and a Distributor's Brand are preferred over the alternatives of no quality label or identified with a brand owned by the producer. Interestingly, SPs for the Quality Certification and the distributor's brand lead to an over- and under-estimation, respectively, of the market share. [source] The Effects of Consumer Risk Perception on Pre-purchase Information in Online Auctions: Brand, Word-of-Mouth, and Customized InformationJOURNAL OF COMPUTER-MEDIATED COMMUNICATION, Issue 1 2002Hong-Youl Ha This study examines how consumer information processing affects consumers' perception of risk prior to purchase. In particular, this research focuses on pre-purchase information such as brand, word-of-mouth, and customized information. The results show that customized information and word-of-mouth communication influence consumers more than do other types of information from online auctions. Consumers rely on these two factors because they are based on consumer experience and relevant to product purchase. Nevertheless, brand also has a significant effect upon consumer perceived risk. Pre-purchase information processing is directly related to reducing consumers' risk perception. In particular, information processing associated with product performance plays a crucial role in reducing consumers' perceived risk in online transactions. The results offer insights to e-marketers and e-marketing researchers about the role of pre-purchase information in management and e-commerce. [source] Uncoupled and surviving: individual mice with high metabolism have greater mitochondrial uncoupling and live longerAGING CELL, Issue 3 2004John R. Speakman Summary Two theories of how energy metabolism should be associated with longevity, both mediated via free-radical production, make completely contrary predictions. The ,rate of living-free-radical theory' (Pearl, 1928; Harman, 1956; Sohal, 2002) suggests a negative association, the ,uncoupling to survive' hypothesis (Brand, 2000) suggests the correlation should be positive. Existing empirical data on this issue is contradictory and extremely confused (Rubner, 1908; Yan & Sohal, 2000; Ragland & Sohal, 1975; Daan et al., 1996; Wolf & Schmid-Hempel, 1989]. We sought associations between longevity and individual variations in energy metabolism in a cohort of outbred mice. We found a positive association between metabolic intensity (kJ daily food assimilation expressed as g/body mass) and lifespan, but no relationships of lifespan to body mass, fat mass or lean body mass. Mice in the upper quartile of metabolic intensities had greater resting oxygen consumption by 17% and lived 36% longer than mice in the lowest intensity quartile. Mitochondria isolated from the skeletal muscle of mice in the upper quartile had higher proton conductance than mitochondria from mice from the lowest quartile. The higher conductance was caused by higher levels of endogenous activators of proton leak through the adenine nucleotide translocase and uncoupling protein-3. Individuals with high metabolism were therefore more uncoupled, had greater resting and total daily energy expenditures and survived longest , supporting the ,uncoupling to survive' hypothesis. [source] Effect of cultivar and roasting method on composition of roasted soybeansJOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE, Issue 5 2009Emily L Boge Abstract BACKGROUND: The composition of raw soybeans and the roasting method have an important impact on the quality of roasted soybeans. The objective of the study was to determine the effect of food-grade soybean cultivars (IA 2064, IA 1008, IA 1008LF, Prairie Brand 299, Asgrow 2247) and roasting method (oil- and dry-roasting) on the composition of roasted soybeans. RESULTS: Moisture content decreased after roasting, with oil-roasted soybeans having a significantly lower moisture content than the dry-roasted soybeans. With the exception of the low linolenic acid cultivar (IA 2064), there were no significant differences in total lipid and fatty acid contents of the five cultivars. Oil-roasted soybeans had significantly higher lipid content than raw and dry-roasted soybeans owing to the absorption of oil. The soluble sugars and free amino acids contents of the five soybean cultivars were not significantly different. Decreases in the contents of free amino acids, but not soluble sugars, occurred during roasting. Greater reductions were seen in oil-roasted soybeans because of the higher roasting temperature. CONCLUSION: Roasting method, rather than cultivar, had the greatest effect on the composition of roasted soybeans. The food-grade soybean cultivars evaluated in this study were similar in composition. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry [source] Saying and Showing: Art, Literature and Religious UnderstandingMODERN THEOLOGY, Issue 1 2002Patrick J. Sherry I argue that works of art and literature can be primary expressions of religious ideas, i.e., ones not dependent on other modes of communication like preaching or theology. This does not mean, however, that such works are independent of criticism, for an artist or writer can show something that is untrue, immoral, crude, and so on. I maintain that art and literature may criticize theology, or vice versa; or, thirdly, the relationship between them may be reciprocal, and I illustrate these three possibilities via Ibsen's Brand, Goethe's Faust, and the film Dead Man Walking. [source] TAXONOMY AND ZOOGEOGRAPHY OF THE MESOZOIC CYTHERURID OSTRACODA FROM WEST-CENTRAL ARGENTINAPALAEONTOLOGY, Issue 1 2009SARA C. BALLENT Abstract:, The status of thirty four species of the cytheroidean ostracod family Cytheruridae from the Neuquén Basin, west-central Argentina is reviewed. These species belong to the following nine genera: Eucytherura Müller, ranging in this study from Pliensbachian to Valanginian and represented by fourteen species; Kangarina Coryell and Fields, Aalenian,Bajocian, with a single species; Acrocythere Neale, Hauterivian, one species; Paranotacythere Bassiouni, Berriasian, two species; Procytherura Whatley, Pliensbachian to Hauterivian, twelve species; Cytheropteron Sars, Aalenian,Bajocian, one species: Eocytheropteron Alexander, Hauterivian, one species; Paradoxorhyncha Chapman, Aalenian,Bajocian, one species; and Paracytheridea Müller, Berriasian, one species. Of the three subfamilies of the Cytheruridae, the Cytherurinae, with thirty species are by far the most numerous and abundant throughout the study. The other two subfamilies, the Cytheropterinae are represented by three species and the Paracytherideinae by a single species of the nominative genus. Several of the species are very widely distributed geographically and have, for example, also been recorded from Europe; others indicate close links with South Africa and Australia. The stratigraphical ranges of certain genera have been extended as a result of this study. For example, Kangarina has not previously been recorded below the Cretaceous. The Cytheruridae are clearly the most diverse cytheroidean ostracodes in the Mesozoic of the Neuquén Basin and are more diverse than all other groups of ostracodes combined. Four new species, Eucytherura tessae, Eucytherura yunga, Procytherura amygdala and Eocytheropteron immodicus are described. Eucytherura guillaumeae nom. nov. for Eucytherura tuberculata Brenner and Oertli and Eucytherura paranuda nom. nov. for Eucytherura nuda (Brand) are proposed. [source] Associations among adolescent risk behaviours and self-esteem in six domainsTHE JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY AND ALLIED DISCIPLINES, Issue 8 2004Lauren G. Wild Background:, This study investigated associations among adolescents' self-esteem in 6 domains (peers, school, family, sports/athletics, body image and global self-worth) and risk behaviours related to substance use, bullying, suicidality and sexuality. Method:, A multistage stratified sampling strategy was used to select a representative sample of 939 English-, Afrikaans- and Xhosa-speaking students in Grades 8 and 11 at public high schools in Cape Town, South Africa. Participants completed the multidimensional Self-Esteem Questionnaire (SEQ; DuBois, Felner, Brand, Phillips, & Lease, 1996) and a self-report questionnaire containing items about demographic characteristics and participation in a range of risk behaviours. It included questions about their use of tobacco, alcohol, cannabis, solvents and other substances, bullying, suicidal ideation and attempts, and risky sexual behaviour. Data was analysed using a series of logistic regression models, with the estimation of model parameters being done through generalised estimation equations. Results:, Scores on each self-esteem scale were significantly associated with at least one risk behaviour in male and female adolescents after controlling for the sampling strategy, grade and race. However, specific self-esteem domains were differentially related to particular risk behaviours. After taking the correlations between the self-esteem scales into account, low self-esteem in the family and school contexts and high self-esteem in the peer domain were significantly independently associated with multiple risk behaviours in adolescents of both sexes. Low body-image self-esteem and global self-worth were also uniquely associated with risk behaviours in girls, but not in boys. Conclusions:, Overall, the findings suggest that interventions that aim to protect adolescents from engaging in risk behaviours by increasing their self-esteem are likely to be most effective and cost-efficient if they are aimed at the family and school domains. [source] A Special Brand of SausageANTIPODE, Issue 5 2008Winifred Curran Abstract:, At our institution, the next iteration of the corporatization of higher education is the creation of a university brand. This brands us as academics and creates its own landscape of consumption. It also raises troubling issues about academic freedom. [source] Anwendung von massiv paralleler Berechnung mit Grafikkarten (GPGPU) für CFD-Methoden im BrandschutzBAUPHYSIK, Issue 4 2009Hendrik C. Belaschk Dipl.-Ing. Berechnungsverfahren; Brandschutz; calculation methods; fire protection engineering Abstract Der Einsatz von Brandsimulationsprogrammen, die auf den Methoden der Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) beruhen, wird in der Praxis immer breiter. Infolge der Zunahme von verfügbarer Rechenleistung in der Computertechnik können heute die Auswirkungen möglicher Brandszenarien nachgebildet und daraus nützliche Informationen für den Anwendungsfall gewonnen werden (z. B. Nachweis der Zuverlässigkeit von Brandschutzkonzepten). Trotz der erzielten Fortschritte reicht die Leistung von heute verfügbaren Computern bei weitem nicht aus, um einen Gebäudebrand mit allen beteiligten physikalischen und chemischen Prozessen mit der höchstmöglichen Genauigkeit zu simulieren. Die in den Computerprogrammen zur Berechnung der Brand- und Rauchausbreitung implementierten Modelle stellen daher immer einen Kompromiss zwischen der praktischen Recheneffizienz und dem Detailgrad der Modellierung dar. Im folgenden Aufsatz wird gezeigt, worin die Ursachen für den hohen Rechenbedarf der CFD-Methoden liegen und welche Problemstellungen und möglichen Fehlerquellen sich aus den getroffenen Modellvereinfachungen für den Ingenieur ergeben. Darüber hinaus wird ein neuer Technologieansatz vorgestellt, der die Rechenleistung eines Personalcomputers unter Verwendung spezieller Software und handelsüblicher 3D-Grafikkarten massiv erhöht. Hierzu wird am Beispiel des Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) demonstriert, dass sich die erforderliche Berechnungszeit für eine Brandsimulation auf einem Personalcomputer um den Faktor 20 und mehr verringern lässt. Application of general-purpose computing on graphics processing units (GPGPU) in CFD techniques for fire safety simulations. The use of fire simulation programs based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) techniques is becoming more and more widespread in practice. The increase in available computing power enables the effects of possible fire scenarios to be modelled in order to derive useful information for practical applications (e.g. analysis of the reliability of fire protection concepts). However, despite the progress in computing power the performance of currently available computers is inadequate for simulating a building fire including all relevant physical and chemical processes with maximum accuracy. The models for calculating the spread of fire and smoke implemented in the computer programs therefore always represent a compromise between practical computing efficiency and level of modelling detail. This paper illustrates the reasons for the high computing power demand of CFD techniques and describes potential problems and sources of error resulting from simplifications applied in the models. In addition, the paper presents a new technology approach that significantly increases the computing power of a PC using special software and standard 3D graphics cards. The Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) is used as an example to demonstrate how the required calculation time for a fire simulation on a PC can be reduced by a factor of 20 and more. [source] CHEMSAFE , Eine Datenbank für bewertete sicherheitstechnische KenngrößenCHEMIE-INGENIEUR-TECHNIK (CIT), Issue 1-2 2009M. Molnarne Dr.-Ing. Abstract Sicherheitstechnische Kenngrößen bilden die Grundlage des Brand- und Explosionsschutzes. Sie müssen daher stets auf dem neuesten Stand, verlässlich und schnell verfügbar sein. Diese Anforderungen erfüllt die Datenbank CHEMSAFE, ein Gemeinschaftsprojekt der Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), der Physikalisch-Technischen Bundesanstalt (PTB) und der DECHEMA Gesellschaft für Chemische Technik und Biotechnologie e. V. Die Datenbank enthält von Fachleuten bewertete Kenngrößen von etwa 3000 brennbaren Flüssigkeiten, Gasen und Stäuben sowie von etwa 2800 Gemischen. [source] Supply Chain Conflict Due to Store Brands: The Value of Wholesale Price Commitment in a Retail Supply Chain,DECISION SCIENCES, Issue 2 2010Ana Groznik ABSTRACT Store brands are of increasing importance in retail supply chains, often causing channel conflict, as the retailer's product directly competes with the manufacturer's national brand. Extant research on the resulting channel interactions either assumes the national brand manufacturer can credibly commit to maintaining a wholesale price or that he lacks such ability. However, these two scenarios imply very different supply chain interactions, as only a national brand manufacturer with commitment ability can strategically adjust a national brand wholesale price to prevent a store brand introduction by the retailer. We specifically analyze the impact of this assumption on the manufacturer, the retailer, and the customers. We determine when long-term contracts that provide the manufacturer with such commitment ability can improve supply chain profitability. [source] Cultivating Creative Equity in Scandinavian Design BrandsDESIGN MANAGEMENT REVIEW, Issue 3 2010Oscar Person Scandinavia is famous throughout the world for its design savvy. But the flip side of this enviable situation is the inevitable commoditization of design. How do companies like Marimekko and Kosta Boda manage to hang on to their premium brands? The answer: creative equity. [source] Building Leadership Brands by DesignDESIGN MANAGEMENT REVIEW, Issue 2 2005Jerry Kathman Distilling 30 years of experience, Jerry Kathman articulates four timeless principles companies can embrace to establish powerful and enduring brands. Richly amplified with examples, these tenets speak to the content and characteristics of effective brands, the ways in which they are communicated and nurtured, design issues, the necessity to innovate, and the types of relationships compelling brands have with consumers. [source] Brand and Branding GeographiesGEOGRAPHY COMPASS (ELECTRONIC), Issue 1 2009Andy Pike Brands and branding can sometimes seem pervasive. Yet, the geographies of brands and branding have been relatively neglected and under-researched, especially in economic geography. The focus here is the historically longstanding and well-established brands and branding of goods and services. Drawing on empirical examples to ground its claims, the argument seeks to establish the entangled geographies of branded objects and branding processes, advocates reading their socio-spatial histories, explains their uneven geographies and relationships to uneven development and explores their potential and pitfalls for territorial development locally and regionally. The conclusion is that brands and branding geographies have the potential to stimulate a novel approach to addressing spatial questions at the intersections of economic, social, cultural, political and ecological geographies that can transcend the more ,traditional' and longstanding foci of firms and industries for ,new economic geographies'. Ideas to contribute to future research on brand and branding geographies are then sketched out. [source] Institutional brand personality and advertisements during televised gamesNEW DIRECTIONS FOR HIGHER EDUCATION, Issue 148 2009Michael S. Harris Brands underscore what is distinctive and notable about institutions, important in the minds of consumers interested in purchasing something more than just a generic product. [source] Brands on the Brain: Neuro-Images of AdvertisingBUSINESS STRATEGY REVIEW, Issue 3 2000Tim Ambler Neuroscience is opening a new chapter of understanding in many fields. One such is how advertising works. For the first time we can directly ,see' some effects of advertisements on the brain's activity. This article reports two small-scale experiments into the differential effects of advertising's rational and emotional components. Advertising has long been seen as providing reasons to buy, however subtle. In academic research at least, the importance of emotion has often been downplayed. The preliminary experiment reported here shows how emotional ads are more likely to be remembered. The second experiment uses brain imaging to investigate the part of the brain which responds to emotionally-engaging (,affective') and reason-engaging (,cognitive') advertising stimuli. These are very early days in using brain-imaging techniques and these experiments are very exploratory. However, as the three Commentaries by Simon Broadbent, Thomas O'Guinn and Larry Percy suggest, along with other work, they may point towards a revolution in advertising research. [source] Supply Chain Conflict Due to Store Brands: The Value of Wholesale Price Commitment in a Retail Supply Chain,DECISION SCIENCES, Issue 2 2010Ana Groznik ABSTRACT Store brands are of increasing importance in retail supply chains, often causing channel conflict, as the retailer's product directly competes with the manufacturer's national brand. Extant research on the resulting channel interactions either assumes the national brand manufacturer can credibly commit to maintaining a wholesale price or that he lacks such ability. However, these two scenarios imply very different supply chain interactions, as only a national brand manufacturer with commitment ability can strategically adjust a national brand wholesale price to prevent a store brand introduction by the retailer. We specifically analyze the impact of this assumption on the manufacturer, the retailer, and the customers. We determine when long-term contracts that provide the manufacturer with such commitment ability can improve supply chain profitability. [source] Two Faces of Social Media: Brand Communication and Brand ResearchDESIGN MANAGEMENT REVIEW, Issue 1 2010Ralf Beuker The social web is not just a place to communicate about your brand,it's also a good place to facilitate brand research. But remember that knowing the attitudes and behavior of your target audience comes first. [source] Evolving the UPS brandDESIGN MANAGEMENT REVIEW, Issue 2 2004Larry Bloomenkranz When it was designed in 1961, the corporate identity was a compelling symbol for UPS. In the intervening decades, however, things had changed,dramatically! The company was significantly larger, a leader in a diverse spectrum of interrelated businesses, and publicly traded. In this context, Larry Bloomenkranz details the rationale, the research, and the meaning of the company's most recent brand developments. [source] Steering the brand in the auto industryDESIGN MANAGEMENT REVIEW, Issue 1 2003Anne Asensio At General Motors, the goal is to give each automotive line a distinctive brand character. In this interview, Anne Asensio discusses how she and her design colleagues contribute to this effort. From contour to features, these elements are used to reinforce brand character and build an emotional bond with consumers. It is intense and exciting work in which quality,from conception to execution,is a key aspect of success. [source] Transforming the brand narrative: The global redesign of Pantene Pro-VDESIGN MANAGEMENT REVIEW, Issue 1 2003Emily Kokenge As a product, Pantene Pro-V is a blockbuster,the planet's best-selling shampoo, with annual sales topping one billion dollars. After a decade of envious growth, however, the line had become dated and somewhat confusing. In this story, Emily Kokenge and Liz Grubow tell how the brand has been revitalized with new graphics, packaging, and advertising based on a strategy that blends local marketing and sales tactics with a compelling global presence. [source] "Face of the Brand": A design methodology with global potentialDESIGN MANAGEMENT REVIEW, Issue 4 2001Dannielle Blumenthal To cope with the multiplicity of world markets, Dannielle Blumenthal presents a strategy known as "face of the brand." In this approach, brand is less about a uniform message and logo and more about a distinctive competitive position expressed through a palette of images, colors, shapes, and language that can, without losing its global impact,be designed and adapted to suit the nuances of individual cultures and consumer preferences. [source] Identity and brand: A broadening spectrum of design challenges and design opportunitiesDESIGN MANAGEMENT REVIEW, Issue 1 2001Design Management Journal, Thomas Walton Ph.D. Editor First page of article [source] Beyond the Corporate SphereDESIGN MANAGEMENT REVIEW, Issue 1 2000Roger Sametz MUCH OF THE thinking and best practices related to branding and design in the corporate realm are of great value in the not-for-profit sector,particularly academia. Roger Sametz reframes fundamental branding strategies to better fit the academic culture, details the steps necessary to build a strong brand in this context, and shares examples of work Sametz Blackstone has done for several institutions. [source] Smoker sensitivity to retail tobacco displays and quitting: a cohort studyADDICTION, Issue 1 2010Daniella Germain ABSTRACT Aims To assess whether sensitivity to point of sale (POS) cigarette displays influences quitting behaviour. Design Prospective cohort study. Setting Victoria, Australia. Participants A total of 222 adult smokers were surveyed at baseline in 2006 and followed-up 18 months later. Measurements Baseline sensitivity to POS displays, which included the frequency of ,noticing displays', ,impulse purchasing behaviour' and ,deciding on brand based on POS displays'; smoking status at follow-up. Findings At follow-up, 17.0% were no longer smokers. After adjusting for covariates, compared to those with low POS display sensitivity, smokers who had a medium or high level of sensitivity to POS displays were significantly less likely to have quit at follow-up [odds ratio (OR) = 0.32, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.14,0.74; OR = 0.27, 95% CI = 0.08,0.91, respectively]. Conclusions The presence of cigarette pack displays in stores may make it more difficult for smokers to quit smoking successfully. [source] Miniaturized movable contactless conductivity detection cell for capillary electrophoresisELECTROPHORESIS, Issue 12-13 2003Miroslav Macka Abstract A miniaturized capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detector (mini-C4D) cell has been designed which is small enough to allow it to slide along the effective capillary length inside the capillary cassette of an Agilent capiillary electrophoresis system (CE) (or other CE brand of similar construction), including the possibility of positioning it close to the point of optical detection (4 cm), or even putting two such detector cells in one cassette. The cell was tested and the performance characteristics (noise, sensitivity, and peak width) were compared with those obtained with the previously used large C4D cell. No significant differences were observed. The mini-C4D was used in simultaneous separations of common cations and anions where its advantage over a larger C4D cell is the ability to vary the point of detection with the mini-C4D cell continuously at any point along the capillary length, so that the optimum apparent selectivity can be chosen. Other applications include providing a convenient second point of detection in addition to photometric detection, such as to measure accurately the linear velocity of a zone, or to allow placement of two mini-C4D cells in one capillary cassette simultaneously. [source] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||