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Brain Abscess (brain + abscess)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Medical Sciences	85%
Life Sciences	14%

Distribution within Medical Sciences

Pediatrics	41%
Neurology	16%

Selected Abstracts

Brain Abscess in an Adult With Atrial Septal Defect

CLINICAL CARDIOLOGY, Issue 4 2010
Chong Won Sung MD
Brain abscess is a serious complication of congenital heart disease in children and adolescents. This association is rarely observed in adults. This article describes the case of a 41-year-old man who presented with altered mental status. Brain MRI showed a brain abscess at the left frontal lobe. The patient was successfully treated with surgical removal and appropriate antibiotics. Echocardiographic examination showed atrial septal defect (ASD) with bidirectional shunt. Transcatheter closure of ASD was carried out 6 months after neurosurgical treatment. We discuss the association of brain abscess and ASD. Copyright © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [source]

Brain abscess in children , epidemiology, predisposing factors and management in the modern medicine era

ACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 8 2010
Y Shachor-Meyouhas
Abstract Aims:, Brain abscess is rare in children. Predisposing factors are found in almost 85% of cases. Overall, 25% of brain abscesses develop in children, mostly in the 4,7 years age group. Our study aimed to characterize children with brain abscesses treated in our hospital, identify risk factors, pathogens and short-term outcome. Methods:, A retrospective cohort of 20 years period, (1989,2009) included 27children (0,18 years). Medical records were analysed for age, gender, presenting symptoms and signs, predisposing factors, laboratory tests, imaging, microbiology results, treatment and outcome. Results:, Of all the children, 63% (17/27) were male patients; mean age was 7.9 years and 52% were referred from other hospitals. Predisposing factors were identified in 81%, congenital heart disease and otitis were rare and sinusitis was found in 22% of the children. Main symptoms and signs included headaches, fever, neurological signs convulsions, (41%, 81%, 78% and 41% respectively). In 30% of cases, cultures were sterile. All patients were operated in addition to antibiotic treatment. Outcome was good with low mortality rate (3.7%). Conclusions:, Manifestations of brain abscess may be subtle. A high index of suspicion and early imaging are warranted, different predisposing factors may reflect early intervention for congenital heart diseases. Mortality is rare in the modern medicine era. [source]

Brain Abscess in an Adult With Atrial Septal Defect

Pyogenic abscess complicating a resolving cerebral haematoma secondary to a cavernous haemangioma: Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging findings

JOURNAL OF MEDICAL IMAGING AND RADIATION ONCOLOGY, Issue 2 2005
AD Borsaru
Summary A case is discussed of a brain abscess complicating an intracerebral haemorrhage occurring in a cavernous haemangioma. A young child presented with focal seizures as a result of a large intracerebral haemorrhage, occurring in a cavernous haemangioma. The only clue to the underlying vascular malformation was the presence of an associated developmental venous anomaly. The case was complicated by the development of a brain abscess at the site of the intracranial haematoma. The CT and MRI findings are discussed. [source]

Early brain abscess: A rare complication of deep brain stimulation

MOVEMENT DISORDERS, Issue 9 2009
Veronique G. VanderHorst MD
[source]

Central nervous system infections by members of the Pseudallescheria boydii species complex in healthy and immunocompromised hosts: epidemiology, clinical characteristics and outcome

MYCOSES, Issue 4 2008
A. Serda Kantarcioglu
Summary Infections caused by members of the Pseudallescheria boydii species complex are currently among the most common mould infections. These fungi show a particular tropism for the central nervous system (CNS). We reviewed all the available reports on CNS infections, focusing on the geographical distribution, infection routes, immunity status of infected individuals, type and location of infections, clinical manifestations, treatment and outcome. A total of 99 case reports were identified, with similar percentage of healthy and immunocompromised patients (44% vs. 56%; P = 0.26). Main clinical types were brain abscess (69%), co-infection of brain tissue and/or spinal cord with meninges (10%) and meningitis (9%). The mortality rate was 74%, regardless of the patient's immune status, or the infection type and/or location. Cerebrospinal fluid culture was revealed as a not very important tool as the percentage of positive samples for P. boydii complex was not different from that of negative ones (67% vs. 33%; P = 0.10). In immunocompetent patients, CNS infection was preceded by near drowning or trauma. In these patients, the infection was characterised by localised involvement and a high fatality rate (76%). In contrast, CNS infection in immunocompromised patients was presented as rapidly progressive disseminated lesions at various degrees of evolution. Major risk factors for CNS infection were the aspiration of polluted water in near-drowning episodes in immunologically intact patients and medical immunosuppression in the remaining patient groups. As the therapeutic options were poor, the treatment was difficult in general and the prognosis was poor. [source]

Tuberculous brain abscess in a patient with hyper IgE syndrome

PEDIATRICS INTERNATIONAL, Issue 1 2004
e Metin
First page of article [source]

Brain abscess in children , epidemiology, predisposing factors and management in the modern medicine era

Brain Abscess in an Adult With Atrial Septal Defect

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-,) regulates Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) expression in microglia

JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY, Issue 4 2007
Mohsin Md.
Abstract Microglia represent one effector arm of CNS innate immunity as evident by their role in pathogen recognition. We previously reported that exposure of microglia to Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), a prevalent CNS pathogen, led to elevated Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) expression, a pattern recognition receptor capable of recognizing conserved structural motifs associated with gram-positive bacteria such as S. aureus. In this study, we demonstrate that the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-, (TNF-,) enhances TLR2 expression in microglia, whereas interleukin-1, has no significant effect. To determine the downstream signaling events responsible for elevated microglial TLR2 expression in response to TNF-,, a series of signal transduction inhibitors were employed. Treatment with caffeic acid phenethyl ester, an inhibitor of redox-mediated nuclear factor-kappa B activation, significantly attenuated TNF-,-induced TLR2 expression. Similar results were observed with the IKK-2 and I,B-, inhibitors SC-514 and BAY 11-7082, respectively. In contrast, no significant alterations in TLR2 expression were observed with protein kinase C or p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitors. A definitive role for TNF-, was demonstrated by the inability of S. aureus to augment TLR2 expression in microglia isolated from TNF-, knockout mice. In addition, TLR2 expression was significantly attenuated in brain abscesses of TNF-, knockout mice. Collectively, these results indicate that in response to S. aureus, TNF-, acts in an autocrine/paracrine manner to enhance TLR2 expression in microglia and that this effect is mediated, in part, by activation of the nuclear factor-kappa B pathway. [source]

Chronic granulomatous disease presenting with disseminated intracranial aspergillosis

PEDIATRIC BLOOD & CANCER, Issue 1 2006
Abdul Alsultan MD
Abstract We describe an 8-year-old boy who presented with multiple unresectable aspergillus brain abscesses as the initial presentation of X-linked chronic granulomatous disease (CGD). He failed initial therapy with amphotericin B, but was subsequently salvaged with voriconazole. CGD should be considered in the differential diagnosis for all children presenting with invasive fungal infections, particularly, those involving the central nervous system (CNS). Whereas, optimal pharmacologic therapy is still unknown for CNS aspergillosis, voriconazole may have an advantage due to its ability to cross the blood brain barrier and excellent oral absorption and bioavailability. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

Listeria monocytogenes -infected bone marrow myeloid cells promote bacterial invasion of the central nervous system

CELLULAR MICROBIOLOGY, Issue 2 2005
Olivier F. Join-Lambert
Summary Listeria monocytogenes is a facultative intracellular pathogen that is able to invade the central nervous system causing meningoencephalitis and brain abscesses. The mechanisms allowing bacteria to cross the blood,brain barrier are poorly understood. In this work, we used an experimental model of acute listeriosis in the mouse inducing a reproducible invasion of the central nervous system. At the early phase of infection, we find that bacteria invade and rapidly grow in bone marrow cells identified as bone marrow myelomonocytic cells expressing the phenotype CD31pos:Ly-6Cpos:CD11bpos:LY-6Glow. We demonstrate that central nervous system invasion is facilitated by injecting L. monocytogenes- infected bone marrow cells in comparison with free bacteria or infected spleen cells. In mice transplanted with bone marrow cells from transgenic donor mice expressing the green fluorescent protein (GFP), we show that infected myeloid GFP+ cells adhere to activated brain endothelial cells, accumulate in brain vessels and participate to the pathogenesis of meningoencephalitis and brain abscesses. Our results demonstrate that bone marrow, the main haematopoietic tissue, is a previously unrecognized reservoir of L. monocytogenes -infected myeloid cells, which can play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of meningoencephalitis by releasing infected cells into the circulation that ultimately invade the central nervous system. [source]