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Brachiocephalic Trunk (brachiocephalic + trunk)
Selected AbstractsValidation of the murine aortic arch as a model to study human vascular diseasesJOURNAL OF ANATOMY, Issue 5 2010Christophe Casteleyn Abstract Although the murine thoracic aorta and its main branches are widely studied to gain more insight into the pathogenesis of human vascular diseases, detailed anatomical data on the murine aorta are sparse. Moreover, comparative studies between mice and men focusing on the topography and geometry of the heart and aorta are lacking. As this hampers the validation of murine vascular models, the branching pattern of the murine thoracic aorta was examined in 30 vascular corrosion casts. On six casts the intrathoracic position of the heart was compared with that of six younger and six older men of whom contrast-enhanced computer tomography images of the thorax were three-dimensionally reconstructed. In addition, the geometry of the human thoracic aorta was compared with that of the mouse by reconstructing micro-computer tomography images of six murine casts. It was found that the right brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid artery and left subclavian artery branched subsequently from the aortic arch in both mice and men. The geometry of the branches of the murine aortic arch was quite similar to that of men. In both species the initial segment of the aorta, comprising the ascending aorta, aortic arch and cranial/superior part of the descending aorta, was sigmoidally curved on a cranial/superior view. Although some analogy between the intrathoracic position of the murine and human heart was observed, the murine heart manifestly deviated more ventrally. The major conclusion of this study is that, in both mice and men, the ascending and descending aorta do not lie in a single vertical plane (non-planar aortic geometry). This contrasts clearly with most domestic mammals in which a planar aortic pattern is present. As the vascular branching pattern of the aortic arch is also similar in mice and men, the murine model seems valuable to study human vascular diseases. [source] Bilateral common carotid occlusion without neurological deficitJOURNAL OF MEDICAL IMAGING AND RADIATION ONCOLOGY, Issue 4 2002Serdar Karaköse Summary A 40-year-old man presented with pain and numbness in his right arm. On his clinical examination, no neurological deficit was found. Bilateral common carotid artery duplex sonography scan demonstrated no flow in either lumen. No abnormality was recognized on brain CT. On cerebral digital substraction angiogram, total occlusion of the brachiocephalic trunk and left carotid artery were shown. There was a modest stenosis in the left vertebral artery. Collateral circulation feeding the intracranial carotid system mainly originated from the left vertebrobasilar system. Previous cases of bilateral carotid occlusion are reviewed and discussed. [source] Skeleton-based active catheter navigationTHE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ROBOTICS AND COMPUTER ASSISTED SURGERY, Issue 2 2009Yili Fu Abstract Background The emergence of the active catheter has prompted the development of catheterization in minimally invasive surgery. However, it is still operated using only the physician's vision; information supplied by the guiding image and tracking sensors has not been fully utilized. Methods In order to supply the active catheter with more useful information for automatic navigation, we extract the skeleton of blood vessels by means of an improved distance transform method, and then present the crucial geometric information determining navigation. With the help of tracking sensors' position and pose information, two operations, advancement in the proximal end and direction selection in the distal end, are alternately implemented to insert the active catheter into a target blood vessel. Results The skeleton of the aortic arch reconstructed from slice images is extracted fast and automatically. A navigation path is generated on the skeleton by manually selecting the start and target points, and smoothed with the cubic cardinal spline curve. Crucial geometric information determining navigation is presented, as well as requirements for the catheter entering the target blood vessel. Using a shape memory alloy active catheter integrated with magnetic sensors, an experiment is carried out in a vascular model, in which the catheter is successfully inserted from the ascending aorta, via the aortic arch, into the brachiocephalic trunk. Conclusions The navigation strategy proposed in this paper is feasible and has the advantage of increasing the automation of catheterization, enhancing the manoeuvrability of the active catheter and providing the guiding image with desirable interactivity. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Macroscopic Anatomy of the Great Vessels and Structures Associated with the Heart of the Ringed Seal (Pusa hispida)ANATOMIA, HISTOLOGIA, EMBRYOLOGIA, Issue 3 2009H. Smodlaka Summary The ringed seal [Pusa (Phoca) hispida], as well as other seals, exhibits unique anatomical properties when compared to its terrestrial counterparts. In the ringed seal, the most conspicuous marine adaptation is the aortic bulb. This large dilatation of the ascending aorta is comparable to that found in other seal species and marine mammals. The branches of the ascending aorta (brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid artery and left subclavian artery) are similar to those of higher primates and man. The peculiarities of the venous system are: three pulmonary veins, a pericardial venous plexus, a caval sphincter, a hepatic sinus with paired caudal vena cavae and a large extradural venous plexus. Generally, three common pulmonary veins (right, left and caudal) empty into the left atrium. The pericardial venous plexus lies deep to the mediastinal pericardial pleura (pleura pericardica) on the auricular (ventral) surface of the heart. The caval sphincter surrounds the caudal vena cava as it passes through the diaphragm. Caudal to the diaphragm, the vena cava is dilated (the hepatic sinus), and near the cranial extremity of the kidneys, it becomes biphid. The azygos vein is formed from the union of the right and left azygos veins at the level of the 5th thoracic vertebra. Cardiovascular physiological studies show some of these anatomical variations, especially of the venous system and the ascending aorta, to be modifications for diving. This investigation documents the large blood vessels associated with the heart and related structures in the ringed seal. [source] The Impact of Aortic/Subclavian Outflow Cannulation for Cardiopulmonary Bypass and Cardiac Support: A Computational Fluid Dynamics StudyARTIFICIAL ORGANS, Issue 9 2009Tim A.S. Kaufmann Abstract Approximately 100 000 cases of oxygen deficiency in the brain occur during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) procedures each year. In particular, perfusion of the carotid and vertebral arteries is affected. The position of the outflow cannula influences the blood flow to the cardiovascular system and thus end organ perfusion. Traditionally, the cannula returns blood into the ascending aorta. But some surgeons prefer cannulation to the right subclavian artery. A computational fluid dynamics study was initially undertaken for both approaches. The vessel model was created from real computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging data of young healthy patients. The simulations were run with usual CPB conditions. The flow distribution for different cannula positions in the aorta was studied, as well as the impact of the cannula tip distance to vertebral artery for the subclavian position. The study presents a fast method of analyzing the flow distribution in the cardiovascular system, and can be adapted for other applications such as ventricular assist device support. It revealed that two effects cause the loss of perfusion seen clinically: a vortex under the brachiocephalic trunk and low pressure regions near the cannula jet. The results suggest that cannulation to the subclavian artery is preferred if the cannula tip is sufficiently far away from the branch of the vertebral artery. For the aortic positions, however, the cannula should be injected from the left body side. [source] Aortic arch variation analyzed by using plastinationCLINICAL ANATOMY, Issue 6 2002Mircea-Constantin Sora Abstract Different ramification patterns can be observed during the development of the aortic arch. In this study a common trunk (CT), which subsequently branched into the brachiocephalic trunk (BT) and left common carotid artery (LCCA), arose from the aortic arch. The LCCA arose from the CT 10.27 mm above the aortic arch. After crossing the ventral aspect of the trachea and esophagus, the LCCA became situated on the left side of the esophagus. The caliber and length of the main branches of the aortic arch were determined and compared to reports in the literature. This variation was discovered in the context of producing transverse body slices using an E12 plastination process. Clin. Anat. 15:379,382, 2002. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] | |||||||||||||