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Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase (bruton tyrosine + kinase)
Selected AbstractsA contiguous deletion syndrome of X-linked agammaglobulinemia and sensorineural deafnessPEDIATRIC ALLERGY AND IMMUNOLOGY, Issue 2 2001Darko Richter Hearing loss in patients with X-linked agammaglobulinemia is often attributed to recurrent infections. However, recent genetic studies suggest a different etiology in some patients. We present three unrelated patients, 6, 9, and 14 years of age, with large deletions of the terminal portion of the Bruton tyrosine kinase (Btk) gene extending 4.2,19 kb beyond the 3, end of the gene. The DNA immediately downstream of the 3, end of Btk contains the deafness-dystonia protein gene (DDP). Mutations in this gene have recently been shown to underlie the Mohr,Tranebjaerg syndrome, which is characterized by sensorineural deafness, dystonia, and mental deficiency. Besides the immunodeficiency, our patients exhibited progressive sensorineural deafness. The clue to an associated hearing problem was delayed development of speech in one patient and post-lingual deafness noticed between the age of 3,4 years in the other two. These patients have not yet exhibited significant associated neurologic deficits. [source] Discovery of Selective Irreversible Inhibitors for Bruton's Tyrosine KinaseCHEMMEDCHEM, Issue 1 2007Zhengying Pan Dr. A series of highly selective irreversible inhibitors for Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk) was developed using a structural bioinformatics approach. Their capabilities to modulate Btk's activity were characterized both in,vitro and in,vivo. Oral treatment with once-a-day dosing of compound 4 greatly inhibited disease development in a rodent rheumatoid arthritis (RA) model. [source] Constitutive activation of Bruton's tyrosine kinase induces the formation of autoreactive IgM plasma cellsEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY, Issue 9 2010Rogier Kersseboom Abstract B-cell receptor (BCR)-mediated signals provide the basis for B-cell differentiation in the BM and subsequently into follicular, marginal zone, or B-1 B-cell subsets. We have previously shown that B-cell-specific expression of the constitutive active E41K mutant of the BCR-associated molecule Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk) leads to an almost complete deletion of immature B cells in the BM. Here, we report that low-level expression of the E41K or E41K-Y223F Btk mutants was associated with reduced follicular B-cell numbers and significantly increased proportions of B-1 cells in the spleen. Crosses with 3-83,, and VH81X BCR Tg mice showed that constitutive active Btk expression did not change follicular, marginal zone, or B-1 B-cell fate choice, but resulted in selective expansion or survival of B-1 cells. Residual B cells were hyperresponsive and manifested sustained Ca2+ mobilization. They were spontaneously driven into germinal center-independent plasma cell differentiation, as evidenced by increased numbers of IgM+ plasma cells in spleen and BM and significantly elevated serum IgM. Because anti-nucleosome autoantibodies and glomerular IgM deposition were present, we conclude that constitutive Btk activation causes defective B-cell tolerance, emphasizing that Btk signals are essential for appropriate regulation of B-cell activation. [source] Btk and phospholipase,C,2 can function independently during B cell developmentEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY, Issue 4 2007Kristina Abstract The pre-BCR and the BCR regulate B cell development via a signalosome nucleated by the adaptor protein B cell linker protein (BLNK). Formation of this complex facilitates activation of phospholipase,C (PLC),,2 by Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk). To determine whether Btk and PLC,2 also have separate functions, we generated Btk,/,PLC,2,/, mice. They demonstrated a block in development at the pre-B,stage and increased pre-BCR surface expression. This phenotype was more severe than that of Btk,/, or PLC,2,/, mice. Although both Btk and PLC,2 were required for proliferation of splenic B cells in response to BCR cross-linking, they contributed differently to anti-IgM-induced phosphorylation of ERK. Btk,/, and PLC,2,/, mice each had a reduced frequency of Ig,-expressing B cells and impaired migration of pre-B cells towards stromal cell-derived factor,1. However, the increase in pre-B cell malignancy that occurs in BLNK,/, mice in the absence of Btk was not observed in the absence of PLC,2. Thus, Btk and PLC,2 act both in concert and independently throughout B cell development. [source] Defective Toll-like receptor 9-mediated cytokine production in B cells from Bruton's tyrosine kinase-deficient miceIMMUNOLOGY, Issue 2 2008Maroof Hasan Summary Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk), a member of the Tec family of tyrosine kinases, plays an important role in the differentiation and activation of B cells. Mutations affecting Btk cause immunodeficiency in both humans and mice. In this study we set out to investigate the potential role of Btk in Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) activation and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-6, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-, and IL-12p40. Our data show that Btk-deficient B cells respond more efficiently to CpG-DNA stimulation, producing significantly higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines but lower levels of the inhibitory cytokine IL-10. The quantitative reverse transcription,polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis presented in this work shows that mRNA production of one of the important new members of the IL-12 family, IL-27, was significantly increased in Btk-deficient B cells after CpG-DNA stimulation. In this study, we demonstrate significant differences in CpG responsiveness between transitional 1 (T1) and T2 B cells for survival and maturation. Furthermore, TLR9 expression, measured both as protein and as mRNA, was increased in Btk-defective cells, especially after TLR9 stimulation. Collectively, these data provide evidence in support of the theory that Btk regulates both TLR9 activation and expression in mouse splenic B cells. [source] Transcriptional regulatory defects in the first intron of Bruton's tyrosine kinasePEDIATRICS INTERNATIONAL, Issue 6 2008Dong-Min Shin Abstract Background: X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA), characterized by the early onset of recurrent bacterial infections, profound hypogammaglobulinemia, and a markedly diminished number of peripheral B lymphocytes, is caused by mutations in the Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) gene. The >600 unique mutations identified to date include single base pair substitutions, small insertions or deletions, and gross deletions. A few cases, however, have been found to have no mutations in the coding region even with reduced BTK mRNA or protein expression. Mutations in intron 1 positions +5 (G,A) and +6 (T,G) of the BTK gene have been identified, and these changes were associated with reduced transcriptional activity. Methods: In the present study a novel mutation in intron 1 position +5 (G,T) was identified in a Japanese patient with XLA. The reporter constructs containing these mutations were made, and the reporter activities were measured using a luciferase assay. Results: All the mutant constructs were demonstrated to have reduced transcriptional activity. Conclusions: Positions +5 and +6 in intron 1 of the BTK gene are critical for transcriptional activity, and defects in these regions cause XLA. [source] META060 inhibits osteoclastogenesis and matrix metalloproteinases in vitro and reduces bone and cartilage degradation in a mouse model of rheumatoid arthritisARTHRITIS & RHEUMATISM, Issue 6 2010Veera Reddy Konda Objective The multikinase inhibitor META060 has been shown to inhibit NF-,B activation and expression of markers of inflammation. This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of META060 on biomarkers associated with bone and cartilage degradation in vitro and its antiinflammatory efficacy in vivo in both acute and chronic inflammation models. Methods Glycogen synthase kinase 3, (GSK3,),dependent ,-catenin phosphorylation was evaluated in RAW 264.7 macrophages to assess kinase inhibition. The inhibition of osteoclastogenesis and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity was evaluated in RANKL-treated RAW 264.7 cells. The inhibition of interleukin-1, (IL-1,),mediated markers of inflammation was analyzed in human rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts (RASFs). Mice with carrageenan-induced acute inflammation and collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) were used to assess efficacy. Results META060 inhibited the activity of kinases (spleen tyrosine kinase [Syk], Bruton's tyrosine kinase [Btk], phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase [PI 3-kinase], and GSK3) associated with RA and inhibited ,-catenin phosphorylation. META060 inhibited osteoclastogenesis, as indicated by decreased transformation of RAW 264.7 cells to osteoclasts and reduced TRAP activity, and inhibited IL-1,,activated prostaglandin E2, matrix metalloproteinase 3, IL-6, IL-8, and monocyte chemotactic protein 1 in RASFs. In mice with acute inflammation, oral administration of META060 reduced paw swelling similar to the effect of aspirin. In mice with CIA, META060 significantly reduced the arthritis index and decreased bone, joint, and cartilage degradation. Serum IL-6 concentrations in these mice were inhibited in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion Our findings indicate that META060 reduces swelling in a model of acute inflammation and inhibits bone and cartilage destruction in a model of chronic inflammation. Its efficacy is associated with the inhibition of multiple protein kinases, including Syk, Btk, PI 3-kinase, and GSK3. These results warrant further clinical testing of META060 for its therapeutic potential in the treatment of inflammatory diseases. [source] Discovery of Selective Irreversible Inhibitors for Bruton's Tyrosine KinaseCHEMMEDCHEM, Issue 1 2007Zhengying Pan Dr. A series of highly selective irreversible inhibitors for Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk) was developed using a structural bioinformatics approach. Their capabilities to modulate Btk's activity were characterized both in,vitro and in,vivo. Oral treatment with once-a-day dosing of compound 4 greatly inhibited disease development in a rodent rheumatoid arthritis (RA) model. [source] | ||||||||||