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Brief Analysis (brief + analysis)
Selected AbstractsBrief analysis of the retention process in RP-HPLC systems with a C30 bonded stationary phaseJOURNAL OF SEPARATION SCIENCE, JSS, Issue 13 2008Wojciech Zapa Abstract The influence of the mobile-phase composition on the retention of eight model substances in different RP-HPLC systems with a C30 alkyl bonded stationary phase has been studied. The aim of this study was to compare the performance of four valuable retention models assuming the partition and adsorption mechanism of retention. All the models were verified for different experimental data by four criteria: the sum of squared differences between the experimental and theoretical data; the approximation of the standard deviation; the Fisher test; and the F-test ratio. [source] Discrete dynamic Bayesian network analysis of fMRI dataHUMAN BRAIN MAPPING, Issue 1 2009John Burge Abstract We examine the efficacy of using discrete Dynamic Bayesian Networks (dDBNs), a data-driven modeling technique employed in machine learning, to identify functional correlations among neuroanatomical regions of interest. Unlike many neuroimaging analysis techniques, this method is not limited by linear and/or Gaussian noise assumptions. It achieves this by modeling the time series of neuroanatomical regions as discrete, as opposed to continuous, random variables with multinomial distributions. We demonstrated this method using an fMRI dataset collected from healthy and demented elderly subjects (Buckner, et al., 2000: J Cogn Neurosci 12:24-34) and identify correlates based on a diagnosis of dementia. The results are validated in three ways. First, the elicited correlates are shown to be robust over leave-one-out cross-validation and, via a Fourier bootstrapping method, that they were not likely due to random chance. Second, the dDBNs identified correlates that would be expected given the experimental paradigm. Third, the dDBN's ability to predict dementia is competitive with two commonly employed machine-learning classifiers: the support vector machine and the Gaussian naïve Bayesian network. We also verify that the dDBN selects correlates based on non-linear criteria. Finally, we provide a brief analysis of the correlates elicited from Buckner et al.'s data that suggests that demented elderly subjects have reduced involvement of entorhinal and occipital cortex and greater involvement of the parietal lobe and amygdala in brain activity compared with healthy elderly (as measured via functional correlations among BOLD measurements). Limitations and extensions to the dDBN method are discussed. Hum Brain Mapp, 2009. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Recent developments in Fourier Domain Mode Locked lasers for optical coherence tomography: Imaging at 1310 nm vs.JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS, Issue 6-7 20091550 nm wavelength Abstract We report on recent progress in Fourier domain mode-locking (FDML) technology. The paper focuses on developments beyond pushing the speed of these laser sources. After an overview of improvements to FDML over the last three years, a brief analysis of OCT imaging using FDML lasers with different wavelengths is presented. For the first time, high speed, high quality FDML imaging at 1550 nm is presented and compared to a system at 1310 nm. The imaging results of human skin for both wavelengths are compared and analyzed. Sample arm optics, power on the sample, heterodyne gain, detection bandwidth, colour cut levels and sample location have been identical to identify the influence of difference in scattering and water absorption. The imaging performance at 1310 nm in human skin is only slightly better and the results suggest that water absorption only marginally affects the penetration depth in human skin at 1550 nm. For several applications this wavelength may be preferred. (© 2009 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) [source] The Seventh Messenger and Australia 1904,1980: Benjamin Purnell and the House of DavidJOURNAL OF RELIGIOUS HISTORY, Issue 3 2005GUY FEATHERSTONE The Southcottian tradition of the Seven Angelic Messengers of Rev. 10:7 has a long association with millennial belief in Australia. Brought hither by Christian Israelite missionaries in the 1840s, the final three Messengers (Wroe, Jezreel, and Purnell) all journeyed to Australia to win converts. After describing the origins and beliefs of the sects established by these Messengers, this article outlines the impact of Benjamin Purnell's House of David on local Christian Israelites and others. His visit to Melbourne in December 1904 to "ingather" over seventy converts from the Fitzroy congregation is outlined; a comparison is made with J. A. Dowie's missionary tour of the same year. A description of the life the Australians led in Michigan and their attempts to leave the colony and expose Purnell's sexual misconduct are outlined. Despite unfavourable press reports, continuing missionary activity in Melbourne and then in Sydney resulted in further converts leaving for America, and the establishment of a branch community at North Ryde. A comparison of its ethos and that prevailing at Benton Harbor is included. Details of the eventual demise of the North Ryde community are followed by a brief analysis of its place in Australia's religious life. This essay is published to mark the centenary of the departure of the Christian Israelites in February 1905. [source] Principles of QSAR models validation: internal and externalMOLECULAR INFORMATICS, Issue 5 2007Paola Gramatica Abstract The recent REACH Policy of the European Union has led to scientists and regulators to focus their attention on establishing general validation principles for QSAR models in the context of chemical regulation (previously known as the Setubal, nowadays, the OECD principles). This paper gives a brief analysis of some principles: unambiguous algorithm, Applicability Domain (AD), and statistical validation. Some concerns related to QSAR algorithm reproducibility and an example of a fast check of the applicability domain for MLR models are presented. Common myths and misconceptions related to popular techniques for verifying internal predictivity, particularly for MLR models (for instance cross-validation, bootstrap), are commented on and compared with commonly used statistical techniques for external validation. The differences in the two validating approaches are highlighted, and evidence is presented that only models that have been validated externally, after their internal validation, can be considered reliable and applicable for both external prediction and regulatory purposes. [source] EU sustainable development indicators: An overviewNATURAL RESOURCES FORUM, Issue 4 2005Laure Ledoux Abstract The European Union's commitment to sustainable development at the 1992 Earth Summit resulted in an EU-wide sustainable development strategy, adopted in Gothenburg in 2001. This article presents an overview of the set of sustainable development indicators (SDIs) recently adopted by the European Commission to monitor, assess and revise the strategy. It provides a critical assessment of the current status of the indicator set, and reviews the main policy trends in the areas of the strategy through a brief analysis of headline indicators, placing energy and climate change issues in a broader perspective. Finally, the article compares the energy SDIs to the recent inter-agency energy indicators for sustainable development (EISD), underlining their similarities as well as their different priorities and objectives. The article concludes that further research is needed to improve the SDI set and further explore the linkages between themes. [source] Intellectual Property Right Abuses in the Patent Licensing of Technology Standards from Developed Countries to Developing Countries: A Study of Some Typical Cases from ChinaTHE JOURNAL OF WORLD INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY, Issue 3-4 2007Ying Zhan While Western countries continually criticize developing countries, especially China, for a lack of effective protection of intellectual property rights (IPRs), the IPR abuses of developed countries in developing countries are also worth paying attention to. This article takes several representative cases that have occurred in recent years in China and discusses the IPR abuses in the licensing of technology standards from developed countries to developing countries. Under de facto standards, the IPR abuses of western enterprises are mainly conducted through blocking competitors by taking advantage of the status of controlling the standards. Under de jure standards, the most urgent antitrust concerns for developing countries are being charged an excessively high patent royalty and being refused independent licensing in practice by the western patent pools under the standards. In addition, this article also shows China's responses, such as improving its legal system to restrict IPR abuses and commonweal intellectual property litigation filed by IPR scholars. A brief analysis on categories of commonweal relative to IPR abuses is also presented. [source] Using Visual Stimuli in EthnographyANTHROPOLOGY & EDUCATION QUARTERLY, Issue 2 2008George Spindler In this article, the work of George and Louise Spindler is reviewed with visual stimuli ranging from the Rorschach technique and Thematic Apperception Technique to inventions of their own, the Cross-Cultural Sensitization Technique, the Instrumental Activities Inventory, and the Cross-Cultural, Comparative, Reflective Interview Technique. The sites of the various researches, the methods of application, and a brief analysis of the results are included.,[interview techniques, culture and personality, ethnography and education] [source] Progressive stroke in pontine infarctionACTA NEUROLOGICA SCANDINAVICA, Issue 4 2009V. Saia Objective,,, The pathogenesis of isolated pontine infarctions is still unclear, being attributed both to small or large vessel disease. The extension of infarcted tissue to the pons surface has been indicated as a possible marker of basilar branch atheromatous disease and some neuroimaging evidence confirms this finding. Methods,,, On the basis of Kim's et al., study, we performed a revision of the literature addressing this topic. Results,,, Several authors confirm an association between basilar artery branch disease and isolated pontine infarction; moreover, the enlargement of pontine lesion seems to be associated with neurological worsening. We therefore performed a brief analysis of possible mechanisms of progression. Conclusions,,, Prospective studies could be useful to evaluate predictors of neurological worsening in pontine stroke. Improvement of neuroimaging techniques is needed for a deeper comprehension of the etiopathogenesis of isolated pontine infarction. [source] Variable-Temperature Infrared Spectroscopy Studies on the Thermodynamics of CO Adsorption on the Zeolite Ca,YCHEMPHYSCHEM, Issue 12 2008Barbara Bonelli Dr. Abstract Variable temperature FT,IR spectroscopy (in the range of 298,380 K) is used to study the thermodynamics of formation of Ca2+,,,CO carbonyl species upon CO adsorption on the faujasite-type zeolite Ca,Y, and also the (temperature-dependent) isomerization equilibrium between carbonyl and isocarbonyl (Ca2+,,,OC) species. The standard enthalpy and entropy changes involved in formation of the monocarbonyl species resulted to be ,H0=,50.3 (±0.5) kJ,mol,1 and ,S0=,186 (±5) J,mol,1,K,1, respectively. Isomerization of the (C-bonded) Ca2+,,,CO carbonyl to yield the (O-bonded) Ca2+,,,OC isocarbonyl involves an enthalpy change =+11.4 (±1.0) kJ,mol,1. These results are compared with previously reported data for the CO/Sr,Y system; and also, a brief analysis of enthalpy,entropy correlation for CO adsorption on zeolites and metal oxides is given. [source] | ||||||||||||||||