Botulinum Toxin Treatment (botulinum + toxin_treatment)

Distribution by Scientific Domains
Medical Sciences100%

Selected Abstracts

Botulinum toxin treatment of facial myoclonus in suspected Rasmussen encephalitis

MOVEMENT DISORDERS, Issue 9 2006
Nina Browner MD
Abstract Patients with Rasmussen encephalitis (RE) may develop a variety of involuntary movements. We report a 26-year-old woman who presented with a 3-year history of progressive, continuous myoclonus of the left side of the face and left arm as well as left spastic hemiparesis. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed right hemisphere and basal ganglia atrophy, and 24-hour electroencephalogram demonstrated diffuse slowing with random sharp waves in both hemispheres. An 18-fluoro-deoxy-glucose positron emission tomography scan indicated hypometabolism of the right cerebral hemisphere, including basal ganglia and thalamus. We successfully treated her myoclonus with injections of botulinum toxin A into the left zygomaticus muscle. © 2006 Movement Disorder Society [source]

Patient-Reported Outcomes with Botulinum Toxin Type A Treatment of Glabellar Rhytids: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study

DERMATOLOGIC SURGERY, Issue 2007
FACS, STEVEN FAGIEN MD
BACKGROUND Global patient-reported outcomes do not evaluate specific aspects of treatment that are important to patients. OBJECTIVE The objective was to evaluate self-perception of age and specific outcomes that are important to patients receiving botulinum toxin type A or placebo for moderate to severe glabellar lines (using the Facial Line Outcomes Questionnaire to assess how much facial lines bother them, make them look older, detract from their facial appearance, prevent a smooth facial appearance, and make them look tired, stressed, or angry). METHODS AND MATERIALS In the double-blind phase of this 12-week study, 70 patients were randomly assigned to treatment with 20 U botulinum toxin type A (BOTOX Cosmetic) or placebo. At Week 4, those still with moderate or severe glabellar lines were offered open-label 20 U botulinum toxin type A. RESULTS Median glabellar line severity was significantly lower after botulinum toxin treatment than after placebo. Compared with placebo, botulinum toxin also resulted in significantly superior patient assessments and a greater proportion of patients considering they looked younger than their current age. CONCLUSIONS Botulinum toxin type A can achieve specific goals of treatment that are important to patients and help them feel that they look younger than their current age. [source]

Molding the sensory cortex: Spatial acuity improves after botulinum toxin treatment for cervical dystonia

MOVEMENT DISORDERS, Issue 16 2007
Richard Walsh MB
Abstract Disorganization of sensory cortical somatotopy has been described in adult onset primary torsion dystonia (AOPTD). Although botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) acts peripherally, some studies have suggested a central effect. Our primary hypothesis was that sensory cortical reorganization occurs after BTX-A treatment of AOPTD. Twenty patients with cervical dystonia and 18 healthy age-matched control patients had spatial discrimination thresholds (SDTs) measured at baseline and monthly for 3 months. Mean baseline SDT (±SD) was 1.75 ±0.76 mm in the dystonia group, greater than the control group mean of 1.323 ± 0.45 mm (P = 0.05). Mean control group SDT did not vary significantly over time. A transient improvement of 23% from baseline (P = 0.005) occurred in the dystonia group 1 month after injection, which did not positively correlate with changes in physician and patient ratings of torticollis severity. The presumed mechanism of SDT improvement is a modulation of afferent cortical inputs from muscle spindles. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society [source]

Historical notes on botulism, Clostridium botulinum, botulinum toxin, and the idea of the therapeutic use of the toxin

MOVEMENT DISORDERS, Issue S8 2004
Frank J. Erbguth MD
Abstract Food-borne botulism probably has accompanied mankind since its beginning. However, we have only few historical sources and documents on food poisoning before the 19th century. Some ancient dietary laws and taboos may reflect some knowledge about the life-threatening consumption of poisoned food. One example of such a dietary taboo is the 10th century edict of Emperor Leo VI of Byzantium in which manufacturing of blood sausages was forbidden. Some ancient case reports on intoxications with Atropa belladonna probably described patients with food-borne botulism, because the combination of dilated pupils and fatal muscle paralysis cannot be attributed to an atropine intoxication. At the end of the 18th century, some well-documented outbreaks of "sausage poisoning" in Southern Germany, especially in Württemberg, prompted early systematic botulinum toxin research. The German poet and district medical officer Justinus Kerner (1786,1862) published the first accurate and complete descriptions of the symptoms of food-borne botulism between 1817 and 1822. Kerner did not succeed in defining the suspected "biological poison" which he called "sausage poison" or "fatty poison." However, he developed the idea of a possible therapeutic use of the toxin. Eighty years after Kerner's work, in 1895, a botulism outbreak after a funeral dinner with smoked ham in the small Belgian village of Ellezelles led to the discovery of the pathogen Clostridium botulinum by Emile Pierre van Ermengem, Professor of bacteriology at the University of Ghent. The bacterium was so called because of its pathological association with the sausages (Latin word for sausage = "botulus") and not,as it was suggested,because of its shape. Modern botulinum toxin treatment was pioneered by Alan B. Scott and Edward J. Schantz. © 2004 Movement Disorder Society [source]

Dynamic behaviour and localization of pseudoglottis in alaryngeal voice related to voice quality

CLINICAL OTOLARYNGOLOGY, Issue 4 2000
A.J.G.E. Peeters
Objective. To evaluate the pseudoglottic position and dynamic behaviour of alaryngeal voice after laryngectomy related to voice quality. Patients and methods. Pseudoglottic vibrations during sustained phonation were evaluated by videofluoroscopy, videostroboscopy and videokymography in 15 laryngectomees and related to perceptual voice quality, assessed by two independent speech therapists. Videokymography can be used to identify irregular vibrations. This combined with videofluoroscopy and videostroboscopy characterizes the dynamic behaviour of the pseudoglottis. Results. Videofluoroscopy and videostroboscopy demonstrated a mid-neopharyngeal pseudoglottis in 10 laryngectomees, five of whom had an additional inferior located pseudoglottis. Four patients only had a pseudoglottis localized low in the neopharynx and one patient had no pseudoglottis at all. Videokymographic evaluation of pseudoglottic vibrations could be obtained in eight patients, surprisingly demonstrating a regular vibration pattern in all cases. Good alaryngeal voice quality was related to a mid-neopharyngeal pseudoglottis. This is consistent with our experience concerning botulinum toxin treatment for neopharyngeal hypertonicity (injection in the low pseudoglottis reduced phonatory pressure and increased voice quality, whereas injection in the mid-neopharyngeal pseudoglottis resulted in voice deterioration). Conclusion. Good alaryngeal voice quality is related to a mid-neopharyngeal pseudoglottis which should be taken into consideration when treating hypertonicity. [source]