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Bottle Feeding (bottle + feeding)
Selected AbstractsParental reported apnoea, admissions to hospital and sudden infant death syndromeACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 4 2001EA Mitchell Three studies were undertaken: (i) a nation-wide case-control study for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), with 393 cases and 1592 controls, examined the association between parental reported apnoea and SIDS; (ii) a case-cohort study, with 84 cases of parental reported apnoea and 1502 controls, aimed to identify risk factors for apnoea; and (ii) national hospital admission data for ALTE and national SIDS mortality data were compared for the years 1986 to 1994. Parental reported apnoea was associated with a significant increased risk of SIDS [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 1.86; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.12, 3.09]. The population attributable risk was 8%. There was a significant increased risk for parental reported apnoea in infants who did not die after adjustment for potential confounders with maternal smokers, short gestation and admission to the neonatal unit. There was no association with prone sleeping position, co-sleeping and bottle feeding. The mean annual admission rate for ALTE was 9.4/1000 live births. This did not change significantly over the study period (1986,1994). In contrast, the SIDS mortality rate decreased from over 4/ 1000 to 2.1/1000. Admission rates were higher for Maori infants and boys. Conclusion: It may be concluded that the relationship between parental reported apnoea and SIDS is tenuous. [source] Characterization of the developmental stages of sucking in preterm infants during bottle feedingACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 7 2000C Lau It is acknowledged that the difficulty many preterm infants have in feeding orally results from their immature sucking skills. However, little is known regarding the development of sucking in these infants. The aim of this study was to demonstrate that the bottle-feeding performance of preterm infants is positively correlated with the developmental stage of their sucking. Infants' oral-motor skills were followed longitudinally using a special nipple/bottle system which monitored the suction and expression/compression component of sucking. The maturational process was rated into five primary stages based on the presence/absence of suction and the rhythmicity of the two components of sucking, suction and expression/compression. This five-point scale was used to characterize the developmental stage of sucking of each infant. Outcomes of feeding performance consisted of overall transfer (percent total volume transfered/volume to be taken) and rate of transfer (ml/min). Assessments were conducted when infants were taking 1-2, 3-5 and 6-8 oral feedings per day. Significant positive correlations were observed between the five stages of sucking and postmenstrual age, the defined feeding outcomes, and the number of daily oral feedings. Overall transfer and rate of transfer were enhanced when infants reached the more mature stages of sucking. We have demonstrated that oral feeding performance improves as infants' sucking skills mature. In addition, we propose that the present five-point sucking scale may be used to assess the developmental stages of sucking of preterm infants. Such knowledge would facilitate the management of oral feeding in these infants. [source] Cows milk consumption in constipation and anal fissure in infants and young childrenJOURNAL OF PAEDIATRICS AND CHILD HEALTH, Issue 5 2003F And Objective: To examine daily cows milk consumption and duration of breastfeeding in infants and young children with anal fissure and constipation. Methods: Two groups of 30 consecutive children aged between 4 months and 3 years were evaluated retrospectively. Group I comprised children with chronic constipation and anal fissure in whom surgical causes were excluded, and group II comprised normal children. The daily consumption of cows milk, duration of breastfeeding and other clinical features of the children were investigated Results: The mean daily consumption of cows milk was significantly higher in group I (756 mL, range 200,1500 mL) than group II (253 mL, range 0,1000 mL) (P < 0.001). Group I children were breastfed for a significantly shorter period (5.8 months, range 0,18 months) than group II (10.1 months, range 2,24 months) (P < 0.006). The odds ratios for the two factors , children consuming more than 200 mL of cows milk per day (25 children in group I, 11 children in group II) and breastfeeding for less than 4 months (16 children in group I, 5 children in group II) , were calculated to be 8.6 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.23,0.74, P = 0.0005) and 5.7 (95% CI: 0.37,0.66, P = 0.007), respectively. Conclusions: Infants and young children with chronic constipation and anal fissure may consume larger amounts of cows milk than children with a normal bowel habit. Additionally, shorter duration of breastfeeding and early bottle feeding with cows milk may play a role in the development of constipation and anal fissure in infants and young children. [source] Prediction for developmental delay on Neonatal Oral Motor Assessment Scale in preterm infants without brain lesionPEDIATRICS INTERNATIONAL, Issue 1 2010Sen-Wei Tsai Abstract Background:, Preterm infants often have difficulty in achieving a coordinated sucking pattern. To analyze the correlation between preterm infants with disorganized sucking and future development, weekly studies were performed of 27 preterm infants from initiation of bottle feeding until a normal sucking pattern was recognized. Methods:, A total of 27 preterm infants without brain lesion participated in the present study. Neonatal Oral Motor Assessment Scale (NOMAS) was utilized to evaluate the sucking pattern. Infants who were initially assessed as having disorganized sucking on NOMAS and regained a normal sucking pattern by 37 weeks old were assigned to group I; infants with a persistent disorganized sucking pattern after 37 weeks were assigned to group II. The mental (MDI) and psychomotor (PDI) developmental indices of Bayley Scales of Infant Development, second edition were used for follow-up tests to demonstrate neurodevelopment at 6 months and 12 months of corrected age. Results:, At 6 months follow up, subjects in group I had a significantly higher PDI score than group II infants (P= 0.04). At 12 months follow up, group I subjects had a significantly higher score on MDI (P= 0.03) and PDI (P= 0.04). There was also a higher rate for development delay in group II at 6 months (P= 0.05). Conclusion:, NOMAS-based assessment for neonatal feeding performance could be a helpful tool to predict neurodevelopmental outcome at 6 and 12 months. Close follow up and early intervention may be necessary for infants who present with a disorganized sucking pattern after 37 weeks post-conceptional age. [source] The preterm piglet , a model in the study of oesophageal development in preterm neonatesACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 2 2010S Rasch Abstract Aim:, Preterm infants have difficulty in attaining independent oral feeding. This can ensue from inadequate sucking, swallowing and/or respiration. In impeding bolus transport, immature oesophageal motility may also be a cause. As studies on the development of oesophageal motility are invasive in preterm infants, the preterm piglet was investigated as a potential research model. Methods:, Oesophageal motility (EM) of term (n = 6) and preterm (n = 15) piglets were monitored by manometry for 10 min immediately following bottle feeding on days 1,2 and 3,4 of life. Results:, Piglets' oral feeding performance and EM were similar to those of their human counterparts. Term piglets readily completed their feeding, whereas their preterm counterparts did not. They also presented with greater peristaltic activity and propagating velocity. Peristaltic activity remained unchanged over time in preterm piglets, but an increase in synchronous and decrease in incomplete motor activity were noted. Preterm piglets that developed symptoms analogous to necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) demonstrated uncharacteristic oesophageal activity. Conclusion:, Immature EM may cause oral feeding difficulties. NEC-like symptoms may adversely affect EM. The piglet is a valid research model for studying human infant oral feeding and oesophageal development. [source] Rates and social patterning of household smoking and breastfeeding in contrasting European settingsCHILD: CARE, HEALTH AND DEVELOPMENT, Issue 5 2005G. Papadimitriou Abstract Objective To compare rates and social patterning of household smoking and breastfeeding in families with newborn infants in birth cohorts in Coventry, UK and Veria, North Greece. Methods Infants born in 1996 in Coventry, 1999 in Veria were recruited into birth cohort studies using similar methodologies. In Coventry recruitment was by family health visitor at the primary visit; in Veria, hospital-based paediatricians enrolled infants at the neonatal examination. Data were collected at the initial contact on household smoking, type of feeding, and household socio-demographic characteristics. Rates of initial breastfeeding and household smoking with 95% confidence intervals were estimated and breastfeeding and household smoking regressed on parental education and housing tenure in logistic regression models. Results Data were available on 2612 Coventry infants and 773 Veria infants. Rates of household smoking and breastfeeding were higher in Veria compared to Coventry. In Coventry, living in rented accommodation and lower maternal and paternal education were associated with household smoking and bottle feeding. Logistic regression models fitted on initiation of breastfeeding failed to show social patterning in Veria but more educated mothers showed a longer duration of breastfeeding. Only low paternal education was associated with household smoking after adjustment for maternal education and housing tenure. Conclusions Smoking and breastfeeding are more prevalent among households with young infants in Veria compared with Coventry. The social patterning of health-related behaviours noted in Coventry is less marked in Veria. The relevance of these findings for public health interventions in the contrasting settings is discussed. [source] | ||||||||||