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Bone Tumors (bone + tumor)
Kinds of Bone Tumors Selected AbstractsA Painless Subungual Osteoid OsteomaDERMATOLOGIC SURGERY, Issue 8 2001Pelin Ekmekci MD Background. Osteoid osteoma is a benign bone tumor. Its etiology is not fully understood and the role of trauma is still elusive. Objective. Osteoid osteoma mostly presents with a poorly localized pain that is worst at night and characteristically relieved by salicylates. It usually occurs on the weight-bearing bones of the lower extremities, but toe location is quite rare. Here, we present a case of painless osteoid osteoma located subungually on the dorsum of the great toe. Result. A 29-year-old woman presented with a painless subungual mass on the dorsum of her great toe. Subungual exotosis, osteochondroma, and osteoma were considered in the differential diagnosis and the lesion was totally excised. Histopathologic examination showed characteristic findings of osteoid osteoma. Conclusion. A painless osteoid osteoma is rarely seen and it can be easily misdiagnosed if it occurs in an atypical location such as the subungual area. [source] 2-methoxyestradiol-mediated anti-tumor effect increases osteoprotegrin expression in osteosarcoma cellsJOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY, Issue 5 2010Michaela B. Benedikt Abstract Osteosarcoma is a bone tumor that frequently develops during adolescence. 2-Methoxyestradiol (2-ME), a naturally occurring metabolite of 17,-estradiol, induces cell cycle arrest and cell death in human osteosarcoma cells. To investigate whether the osteoprotegrin (OPG) protein plays a role in 2-ME actions, we studied the effect of 2-ME treatment on OPG gene expression in human osteosarcoma cells. 2-ME treatment induced OPG gene promoter activity and mRNA levels. Also, Western blot analysis showed that 2-ME treatment increased OPG protein levels in MG63, KHOS, 143B and LM7 osteosarcoma cells by 3-, 1.9-, 2.8-, and 2.5-fold, respectively, but did not affect OPG expression in normal bone cells. In addition, increases in OPG protein levels were observed in osteosarcoma cell culture media after 3 days of 2-ME treatment. The effect of 2-ME on osteosarcoma cells was ligand-specific as parent estrogen, 17,-estradiol and a tumorigenic estrogen metabolite, 16,-hydroxyestradiol, which do not affect osteosarcoma cell cycle and cell death, had no effect on OPG protein expression. Furthermore, co-treating osteosarcoma cells with OPG protein did not further enhance 2-ME-mediated anti-tumor effects. OPG-released in 2-ME-treated cultures led to an increase in osteoblastic activity and a decrease in osteoclast number, respectively. These findings suggest that OPG is not directly involved in 2-ME-mediated anti-proliferative effects in osteosarcoma cells, but rather participates in anti-resorptive functions of 2-ME in bone tumor environment. J. Cell. Biochem. 109: 950,956, 2010. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Establishment and characterization of a KIT-positive and stem cell factor-producing cell line, KTHOS, derived from human osteosarcomaPATHOLOGY INTERNATIONAL, Issue 2 2005Toshiaki Hitora Osteosarcoma is a malignant bone tumor that commonly affects adolescents and young adults. In the present study a human osteosarcoma cell line, KTHOS, was established from a primary osteosarcoma lesion in the distal femur of a 16-year-old girl. After 106 passages, the KTHOS cell line retained the biological characteristics of osteosarcoma. The KTHOS cells had spindle to pleomorphic cytoplasm with round to ovoid nuclei containing multiple prominent nucleoli, as expected based on the mesodermic origin of osteoblasts. The KTHOS cells were immunoreactive for osteocalcin, osteonectin, stem cell factor (SCF), and KIT (CD117). Reverse transcriptase,polymerase chain reaction indicated that the KTHOS cell line expressed mRNA for SCF and KIT. The KTHOS cells produced relatively high amounts of soluble SCF as determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results suggest that cell proliferation of the KTHOS cell line might be involved in autocrine and/or paracrine loops of the SCF/KIT signaling system. The KTHOS cell line is a novel human osteosarcoma cell line that releases SCF and expresses KIT. This cell line can be used for studies to explore the mechanisms for oncogenesis of human osteosarcomas. [source] Fine-needle aspiration of primary osseous lesions: A cost effectiveness studyDIAGNOSTIC CYTOPATHOLOGY, Issue 4 2010Lester J. Layfield M.D. Abstract Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) is not widely used in the work-up of osseous lesions because of concerns regarding its high incidence of nondiagnostic specimens. Although several studies have shown that FNA is less expensive than surgical biopsy, the authors are aware of only one prior study evaluating the cost effectiveness of FNA, which includes the cost of incisional or core needle biopsies necessary to establish a diagnosis when the initial FNA was noncontributory. A computerized search of the pathology records of three medical centers was performed to obtain all FNAs of primary osseous lesions. For each FNA case, all subsequent core needle, incisional or excisional biopsies were recorded as was the result of the definitive operative procedure. The cost of obtaining the definitive diagnosis was calculated for each case including the cost of FNA, imaging guidance utilized, and cost of subsequent surgical biopsy when necessary. The cost of an alternate approach using only surgical biopsy was calculated. The average per patient costs of these two protocols were compared. A total of 165 primary bone tumors underwent FNA. One hundred six of these yielded a definitive cytologic diagnosis. In 59 cases, FNA yielded a result insufficient for definitive therapy necessitating surgical biopsy. FNA investigation of the 165 bone lesions cost 575,932 (average of 3,490 per patient). Surgical biopsy alone would have cost 5,760 per patient. FNA resulted in a cost savings of 2,215 per patient. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2010 © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Osteosarcoma metastatic to adrenal gland diagnosed by fine-needle aspirationDIAGNOSTIC CYTOPATHOLOGY, Issue 3 2005Noman H. Siddiqui M.D. Abstract Osteosarcoma, a primary malignant tumor of the long bones, frequently metastasizes to the lungs. We report an unusual case of osteosarcoma metastatic to the right adrenal gland in a 37-yr-old male who presented 8 yr after remission with an adrenal mass. A preoperative diagnosis was made by fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy. FNA biopsy revealed pleomorphic oval cells with prominent nucleoli, spindle cells, and giant tumor cells. Diagnostic osteoid was readily seen on smears and was also detected by polarization of cell-block section. Immunocytochemical stains revealed positivity of tumor cells for vimentin and osteonectin. Cytokeratin stains were negative. The cytologic diagnosis of metastatic Osteosarcoma was made, which was later confirmed upon resection of tumor by histology. Although the role of FNA in the diagnosis of primary bone tumors, including osteogenic sarcoma (OGS), remains controversial, this case, however, demonstrates the value of FNA biopsy combined with immunocytochemistry performed on the aspirated material in diagnosing osteosarcoma from an unusual location such as the adrenal gland. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2005;33:201,204. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Osteoblastoma of the mandible: Clinicopathologic study of four cases and literature reviewHEAD & NECK: JOURNAL FOR THE SCIENCES & SPECIALTIES OF THE HEAD AND NECK, Issue 7 2005Saverio Capodiferro DDS Abstract Background. Osteoblastoma is a benign bone tumor accounting for 1% of all bone tumors; it commonly involves the spine and the sacrum of young individuals, with less than 5% being localized to the posterior mandible. In view of its rarity in the maxilla and mandible, osteoblastoma is rarely diagnosed as such in the absence of interdisciplinary cooperation. Methods. A retrospective study of four benign osteoblastomas was performed based on a review of the clinical, radiographic, and histopathologic features of all cases. Results. The tumors involved the posterior mandible of young patients (age range, 10,21 years; two male and two female patients) and appeared as painful bone expansions. Radiologically, they were poorly defined, radiolucent/radiopaque lesions containing calcifications and not showing sclerotic borders or periosteal reactions. Histologically, they were composed of osteoid and woven bone surrounded by plump osteoblast-like cells with interposed fibroblasts, inflammatory cells, and red blood cells. All patients were disease free after prolonged follow-up. Conclusions. Osteoblastomas may be distinguished from other bone tumors, fibro-osseous lesions, and odontogenic neoplasms on the basis of integrated clinical, radiologic, and histologic features and usually manifest an indolent clinical course. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck27: XXX,XXX, 2005 [source] Proteasome inhibition with bortezomib suppresses growth and induces apoptosis in osteosarcomaINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER, Issue 1 2010Yuriy Shapovalov Abstract Osteosarcomas are primary bone tumors of osteoblastic origin that mostly affect adolescent patients. These tumors are highly aggressive and metastatic. Previous reports indicate that gain of function of a key osteoblastic differentiation factor, Runx2, leads to growth inhibition in osteosarcoma. We have previously established that Runx2 transcriptionally regulates expression of a major proapoptotic factor, Bax. Runx2 is regulated via proteasomal degradation, and proteasome inhibition has a stimulatory effect on Runx2. In this study, we hypothesized that proteasome inhibition will induce Runx2 and Runx2-dependent Bax expression sensitizing osteosarcoma cells to apoptosis. Our data showed that a proteasome inhibitor, bortezomib, increased Runx2 and Bax in osteosarcoma cells. In vitro, bortezomib suppressed growth and induced apoptosis in osteosarcoma cells but not in nonmalignant osteoblasts. Experiments involving intratibial tumor xenografts in nude mice demonstrated significant tumor regression in bortezomib-treated animals. Immunohistochemical studies revealed that bortezomib inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in osteosarcoma xenografts. These effects correlated with increased immunoreactivity for Runx2 and Bax. In summary, our results indicate that bortezomib suppresses growth and induces apoptosis in osteosarcoma in vitro and in vivo suggesting that proteasome inhibition may be effective as an adjuvant to current treatment regimens for these tumors. Published 2009 UICC. This article is a US Government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America. [source] MRI of bone tumors: Fast STIR imaging as a substitute for T1-weighted contrast-enhanced fat-suppressed spin-echo imagingJOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING, Issue 4 2004Osamu Tokuda MD Abstract Purpose To compare the usefulness of short inversion recovery (STIR) and T1-weighted, contrast-enhanced, fat-suppressed (T1W-CEFS) sequences for the evaluation of bone tumors. Materials and Methods Eighteen patients with 19 bone tumors who underwent both STIR and T1W-CEFS imaging were evaluated. The tumors were categorized in pairs as follows: bone marrow and soft-tissue components, benign and malignant tumors, and tumors with and without mineralization. The signal difference-to-noise ratio (SDNR), signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and tumor volume were calculated in each group. An additional qualitative analysis was performed by means of the ratings of imaging contrast. Results The mean SDNRs of all bone marrow components and bone marrow components without mineralization were significantly higher on fast STIR images than on T1W-CEFS images (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the mean SDNR and SNR of the other group (surrounding soft tissue components, bone marrow components with mineralization, benign and malignant lesions) between fast STIR images and T1W-CEFS images. The mean volume of the tumors was significantly higher with STIR than with the T1W-CEFS sequence (P < 0.05). Conclusion The STIR sequence should be used instead of T1W-CEFS imaging for the evaluation of bone tumors. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2004;19:475,481. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Inhibitory effects of a new bisphosphonate, minodronate, on proliferation and invasion of a variety of malignant bone tumor cellsJOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC RESEARCH, Issue 6 2006Tadahiko Kubo Abstract Little is known about the biological effects of bisphosphonates on primary malignant bone tumors. The purpose of this study was to investigate the antitumor effects of newly developed minodronate (MIN) on a variety of human malignant bone tumors. We examined the effects of MIN and clinically relevant incadronate (INC) on the proliferation, apoptosis, and cell cycle of two osteosarcoma (Saos-2, MG-63), two chondrosarcoma (SW1353, OUMS27), and two Ewing's sarcoma (RD-ES, SK-ES-1) cell lines. Furthermore, we investigated the anti-invasion effects of MIN on sarcoma cells and the effects of MIN on tumor growth in nude mice. MIN inhibited the viability of all six cell lines in a dose-dependent manner with IC50 values of 2.7 to 5.0 µM, which were significantly lower than those of INC. Importantly, both bisphosphonates affected the viability of normal bone marrow stromal cells much less than sarcoma cells. Both bisphosphonates induced cell cycle perturbation in all sarcoma cells tested and apoptosis in Saos-2 and SW1353 cells, although they failed to induce apoptosis in RD-ES and SK-ES-1 cells. MIN significantly suppressed invasion, even at a low concentration of 1 µM (p,<,0.01). Daily injection of 5 µg of MIN inhibited the growth of SK-ES-1 xenograft sarcoma in nude mice without loss of body weight. These findings suggest that MIN may have a beneficial adjuvant role in the treatment of patients with malignant bone tumors. © 2006 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 24:1138,1144, 2006 [source] Expression of the melatonin receptor (MT) 1 in benign and malignant human bone tumorsJOURNAL OF PINEAL RESEARCH, Issue 2 2007Cyril D. Toma Abstract:, The beneficial effects of melatonin on bone homeostasis have been shown in various diseases. As this indoleamine causes dose-dependent modulation of bone-forming osteoblast and bone-resorbing osteoclast activities by receptor-independent and -dependent pathways, we investigated the expression of G-protein-coupled melatonin receptors (MTs) in malignant and non-malignant human bone lesions. By TaqMan polymerase chain reaction (PCR), we analyzed 30 specimens from osteosarcoma and 11 from benign bone tumors for MT1-mRNA expression. Furthermore, we determined mRNA expression levels of the osteoclast activity-stimulating receptor activator of nuclear factor- , B ligand (RANKL) and its counterpart osteoprotegerin (OPG). Although mean MT1-mRNA levels were similar (P = 0.596) in malignant (4.39 ± 4.98-fold) and benign samples (4.64 ± 6.81-fold), the highest MT1-mRNA levels (up to 27-fold) were observed in individual osteosarcomas, particularly, in two specimens of patients with local recurrence of the tumor. Moreover, mean RANKL- and OPG-mRNA levels were similar in malignant and benign specimens (RANKL: 7.38 ± 9.61-fold versus 3.57 ± 3.11-fold, P = 0.207; OPG: 23.45 ± 32.76 versus 8.07 ± 7.23-fold, P = 0.133). Again, highest RANKL- and OPG-mRNA levels (up to 41- and 160-fold, respectively) were observed in individual osteosarcomas. Expression of MT1-mRNA was confirmed in two human osteosarcoma cell lines (HOS, MG63). High expression levels of MT1-mRNA together with low OPG-mRNA were found in both osteosarcoma cell lines, while in normal human osteoblasts and bone marrow stromal cells, high OPG-mRNA levels were associated with low MT1-mRNA levels. These data on the abundant expression of MT1-mRNA in human bone tumors and osteosarcoma cells lines suggest an important role for MT1 in bone pathology. [source] Immunohistochemical study of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANK-L) in human osteolytic bone tumorsJOURNAL OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY, Issue 3 2002Christopher R. Good BA Abstract Background and Objectives Osteolytic bone tumors produce intercellular signaling proteins that regulate bone remodeling by altering the rates of osteoclast and osteoblast differentiation and activity. This report examines osteolytic bone tumor expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor B-ligand (RANK-L), a cytokine that is arguably the most critical regulator of osteoclast differentiation and activation. Methods This prospective immunohistochemical study examined RANK-L expression in frozen tissues from sixteen surgical specimens of patients who underwent surgery for the treatment of osteolytic bone tumors between 1999 and 2000. Results RANK-L was positive in 13 of the 16 cases. Primary benign bone tumors, primary malignant bone tumors, and metastasis to bone were positive for RANK-L. Conclusions The cells in some, but not all, osteolytic tumors produce the cytokine RANK-L. Further study is necessary to determine in which specific tumors RANK-L is the cytokine responsible for increased osteoclastic activity, and to develop possible therapeutic use of RANK-L antagonists such as osteoprotegerin (OPG). J. Surg. Oncol. 2002;79:174,179. © 2002 Wiley,Liss, Inc. [source] Primary giant cell tumor of soft tissues similar to bone giant cell tumor: A case report and literature reviewPATHOLOGY INTERNATIONAL, Issue 1 2001José L. Rodríguez-Peralto In this report we describe a primary giant cell tumor (GCT) of soft tissues located in the left dorsal wrist of a 52-year-old man. Plain radiographs did not reveal any lesion in his carpal or hand bones. Although the tumor was clinically considered a ganglion initially, the microscopic features were identical to those found in classic GCT of bone. Light microscopy showed a lesion composed of a homogeneously mixed proliferation of spindle and polygonal mononucleated stromal cells and evenly distributed multinucleated, osteoclast-like giant cells. Whereas most bone tumors have an extraosseous counterpart, only 13 cases of GCT in soft tissues had been published until 1998. Moreover, 64 new cases have been reported in three series. Nevertheless, most major reviews and textbooks do not consider this tumor as a specific entity and regard it as a low grade variant of malignant GCT of soft tissue. We describe the clinical, histologic, and immunohistochemical features of this rare benign neoplasm emphasizing the differential diagnosis with its malignant soft tissue counterpart, an ominous tumor. [source] Concentration of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the serum of patients with malignant bone tumors,PEDIATRIC BLOOD & CANCER, Issue 6 2001Gerold Holzer MD Abstract Background Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is recognized as an important stimulator of angiogenesis. Formation of new blood vessels by angiogenic factors occurs in many biological processes, both physiological and pathological, among others in growth of primary solid malignant tumors and metastasis. This implies that the inhibition of angiogenic factors like VEGF would result in a suppression of tumor growth and metastasis formation. The aim of the present study was to compare preoperative serum VEGF levels of patients having malignant bone tumors with healthy controls to identify serum VEGF levels as a tumor marker. Procedure Blood sera from patients with high-grade osteosarcoma (n,=,17), chondrosarcoma (n,=,4) and Ewing sarcoma (n,=,6) were taken at the time of diagnosis before biopsy and compared with sera from 129 healthy persons. To measure VEGF levels in serum, a commercially available ELISA was used (Quantikine Human VEGF Immunoassay; R&D Systems). Results The observed geometric mean VEGF levels and 95% confidence intervals are 232.0 pg ml,1 (168.9,318.5) for patients with high-grade osteosarcoma, 325.5 pg ml,1 (169.3,625.8) for patients with chondrosarcoma, 484.3 pg ml,1 (284.0,826.0) for patients with Ewing sarcoma, as compared to 216.2 pg ml,1 (192.8,242.5) for healthy individuals. Conclusions While the sample means for the three groups of sarcoma patients were higher than the respective mean for the healthy controls, only the mean for the group with Ewing sarcoma is statistically significantly higher than the mean for the healthy controls. Despite the significant difference, VEGF levels are not suitable as a marker for Ewing sarcoma. Med. Pediatr. Oncol. 36:601,604, 2001. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Chronic osteomyelitis of the tibia resembling benign bone tumorsPEDIATRICS INTERNATIONAL, Issue 5 2007RYOSUKE SATO First page of article [source] Clinical score for nonbacterial osteitis in children and adultsARTHRITIS & RHEUMATISM, Issue 4 2009Annette F. Jansson Objective To accurately differentiate nonbacterial osteitis (NBO) from other bone lesions by applying a clinical score through the use of validated diagnostic criteria. Methods A retrospective study was conducted to assess data on patients from a pediatric clinic and an orthopedic tertiary care clinic, using administrative International Classification of Diseases codes as well as laboratory and department records from 1996 to 2006. Two hundred twenty-four patients older than age 3 years who had either NBO (n = 102), proven bacterial osteomyelitis (n = 22), malignant bone tumors (n = 48), or benign bone tumors (n = 52) were identified by chart review. Univariate logistic regression was used to determine associations of single risk factors with a diagnosis of NBO, and multivariable logistic regression was used to assess simultaneous risk factor associations with NBO. Results NBO was best predicted by a normal blood cell count (odds ratio [OR] 81.5), symmetric bone lesions (OR 30.0), lesions with marginal sclerosis (OR 26.8), normal body temperature (OR 20.3) a vertebral, clavicular, or sternal location of lesions (OR 13.9), presence of >1 radiologically proven lesion (OR 10.9), and C-reactive protein level ,1 mg/dl (OR 6.9). The clinical score for a diagnosis of NBO based on these predictors ranged from 0 to 63. A score for NBO of ,39 had a positive predictive value of 97% and a sensitivity of 68%. Conclusion The proposed scoring system helps to facilitate the diagnostic process in patients with suspected NBO. Use of this system might spare unnecessary invasive diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. [source] A phase II study of cisplatin, doxorubicin, and ifosfamide with peripheral blood stem cell support in patients with skeletal osteosarcoma and variant bone tumors with a poor prognosis,CANCER, Issue 1 2004Shreyaskumar R. Patel M.D. Abstract BACKGROUND The authors evaluated the efficacy and toxicity of cisplatin, ifosfamide, and doxorubicin with peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) support in adult patients with osteosarcomas and variants with a poor prognosis. METHODS Between December 1994 and January 2001, 37 patients (20 males and 17 females) with a median age of 38 years (range, 18,63 years) entered the study. Ten patients had pelvic osteosarcomas (OS), 6 had malignant fibrous histiocytomas, 5 had metastatic OS, and 16 had miscellaneous histologies. The authors used doxorubicin (60,75 mg/m2) and ifosfamide (10 g/m2) followed by granulocyte,colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) (5 ,g/kg twice per day) for mobilization of PBSC, collected at a median of 12 days (range, 10,14 days). Three cycles with cisplatin (120 mg/m2), ifosfamide (10 g/m2), and doxorubicin (75 mg/m2), given 28 days apart, were planned followed by PBSC (2,4 × 106 CD34-positive cells/kg) infusion plus G-CSF. RESULTS Patients received a median of three cycles (range, one to three cycles) in addition to the mobilizing cycle. The median PBSC collection was 17.5 × 106/kg (range, 13.2,90.8 × 106/kg) with a median of 1 apheresis (range, 1,2 aphereses). Twenty-eight patients underwent surgery, 10 achieved 95,100% necrosis, and 4 achieved 90,94% necrosis. Six patients required early discontinuation of therapy due to toxicities, two patients developed progressive disease, and one patient was deemed unresectable. The median time to progression (TTP) and overall survival by Kaplan,Meier estimates for all 37 patients was 19 months and 49 months, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The authors accomplished the objective of improving the rate of necrosis with intensification of preoperative therapy. However, TTP and survival rates remained poor. The toxicity profile of this regimen is prohibitive and alternative strategies need to be investigated. Cancer 2004. © 2004 American Cancer Society. 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