Bone Particles (bone + particle)

Distribution by Scientific Domains
Medical Sciences71%

Selected Abstracts

MLO-Y4 Osteocyte-Like Cells Support Osteoclast Formation and Activation,

JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH, Issue 11 2002
S. Zhao
Abstract Osteocytes are terminally differentiated cells of the osteoblast lineage that have become embedded in mineralized matrix and may send signals that regulate bone modeling and remodeling. The hypothesis to be tested in this study is that osteocytes can stimulate and support osteoclast formation and activation. To test this hypothesis, an osteocyte-like cell line called MLO-Y4 and primary murine osteocytes were used in coculture with spleen or marrow cells. MLO-Y4 cells support osteoclast formation in the absence of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OD)2D3] or any other exogenous osteotropic factor. These cells alone stimulate osteoclast formation to the same extent or greater than adding 1,25(OH)2D3. Coaddition of 1,25(OH)2D3 with MLO-Y4 cells synergistically increased osteoclast formation. Optimal osteoclast formation and pit formation on dentine was observed with 200,1000 MLO-Y4 cells per 0.75-cm2 well. No osteoclast formation was observed with 2T3, OCT-1, or MC3T3-E1 osteoblast cells (1000 cells/well). Conditioned media from the MLO-Y4 cells had no effect on osteoclast formation, indicating that cell contact is necessary. Serial digestions of 2-week-old mouse calvaria yielded populations of cells that support osteoclast formation when cocultured with 1,25(OH)2D3 and marrow, but the population that remained in the bone particles supported the greatest number of osteoclasts with or without 1,25(OH)2D3. To examine the mechanism whereby these cells support osteoclast formation, the MLO-Y4 cells were compared with a series of osteoblast and stromal cells for expression of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), RANKL, and osteoprotegerin (OPG). MLO-Y4 cells express and secrete large amounts of M-CSF. MLO-Y4 cells express RANKL on their surface and their dendritic processes. The ratio of RANKL to OPG mRNA is greatest in the MLO-Y4 cells compared with the other cell types. RANK-Fc and OPG-Fc blocked the formation of osteoclasts by MLO-Y4 cells. These studies suggest that both RANKL and OPG may play a role in osteocyte signaling, OPG and M-CSF as soluble factors and RANKL as a surface molecule that is functional in osteocytes or along their exposed dendritic processes. [source]

Deproteinized cancellous bovine bone (Bio-Oss®) as bone substitute for sinus floor elevation

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY, Issue 3 2003
A retrospective, histomorphometrical study of five cases
Abstract Objectives: To study in detail the performance of deproteinized cancellous bovine bone (DPBB, Bio-Osso®) granules as a bone substitute, a histomorphometric was performed on five patients treated with DPBB for reconstruction of the severely atrophic maxilla. Material and Methods: DPBB was used as mixture with autogenous bone particles, in concentrations that increased from 20% to 100% DPBB, with the time of healing increasing accordingly from 5 to 8 months. A total of 20 vertical biopsies was taken at the time of fixture installation and used for histomorphometry as undecalcified Goldner stained sections. Results: The results show that in all cases, the DPBB granules had been interconnected by bridges of vital newly formed bone. The volume of bone in the grafted area correlated inversely with the concentration of DPBB grafted, and varied between 37% and 23%. However, the total volume of mineralized material (bone plus DPI3B granules) remained within the same range in all five patients (between 53% and 59%). The high values for osteoid and resorption surface, and the presence of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive multinucleated osteoclasts in resorption lacunae, indicated that bone remodeling was very active in all grafts. Osteoclasts were also observed in shallow resorption pits on DPBB surfaces. The percentage DPBB surface in contact with bone remained stable at about 35% and could not be related to the proportion of DPBB grafted. Conclusion: Although the number of patients examined was limited, the data suggest that deproteinized cancellous bovine bone, preferably combined with autogenous bone particles, is a suitable material for sinus floor elevation in the severely atrophic human maxilla. Zusammenfassung Ent-Proteinisierter spöngiöser boviner Knochen (Bio-Oss) als Knochenersatz zur Sinusboden-Elevation. Eine retrospektive histomorphometrische Studie an 5 Fällen. Ziele:Um das Verhalten Ent-Proteinisierten spöngiösen bovinen Knochengranulats (DPBB, Bio,Oss) als Knochenersatzmaterial detailliert zu studieren, wurde an 5 Patienten, die mit DPBB zur Rekonstruktion der stark atrophischen Maxilla behandelt wurden, eine histomorphometrische Studie durchgeführt. Material und Methoden:DPBB wurde als Mischung mit autogenen Knochenpartikeln in einer Konzentration von 20 , 100% DPBB verwendet. Die Heilungsdauer wurde entsprechend von 5 auf 8 Monate erhöht. Zum Zeitpunkt der Implantatsetzung wurden insgesamt 20 vertikale Biopsien entnommen und für die Histomorphometrie als nicht-entkalkte, Goldner-gefärbte Schnitte verwendet. Ergebnisse: Die Ergebnisse zeigten in allen Fällen, dass die DPBB-Granula über Brücken von vitalem neu gebildetem Knochen miteinander verbunden waren. Das Volumen des Knochens in dem transplantiertem Gebiet korrelierte umgekehrt mit der Konzentration der transpantierten DPBB und variierte zwischen 37% und 23%. Jedoch lag das Gesamtvolumen des mineralisierten Materials (Knochen+DPBB-Granula)bei allen 5 Patienten im selben Bereich (zwischen 53% und 59%). Die hohen Werte für Ostoid und Resorptionsflächen sowie die Anwesenheit von TRAP-positiven multinukleären Osteoklasten in Resorptionslakunen, zeigte, dass das Knochenremodelling in allen Transplantaten sehr aktiv war. Auch in flachen Resorpionsgrübchen auf der DPBB-Oberfläche wurden Osteoklasten beobachtet. Der Prozentsatz der DPBB-Oberfläche welche im Knochenkontakt war blieb mit etwa 35% stabil und korrelierte nicht mit dem Anteil des transplantierten DPBBs. Schlussfolgerung:Obwohl die untersuchte Patientenzahl sehr gering ist, lassen die Daten vermuten, dass Ent-Proteinisierter spöngiöser boviner Knochen, vorzugsweise mit autogenen Knochenpartikeln kombiniert, ein geeignetes Material für die Sinusboden-Elevation bei stark atrophischer Maxilla ist. Résumé Os bovin spongieux déprotéiné comme substitut osseux dans l'épaississement sinusal. Une étude histomorphométrique rétrospective de cinq cas Le but de cette étude a été d'analyser en détail les performances de l'os bovin spongieux déprotéiné (DPBB, Bio-Oss®) en granules comme substitut osseux par une analyse histomorphométrique effectuée chez cinq patients traités pour une reconstruction au niveau d'un maxillaire sévèrement atrophié. DPBB a été utilisé en mélange avec des particules osseuses autogènes en concentrations augmentaient de 20 à 100% de DPBB, avec un temps de guérison augmentant paralèllement de cinq à huit mois. Vingt biopsies verticales ont ainsi été prélevées au moment du placement des implants et utilisées pour l'histomorphométrie sur coupes colorées Goldner non-décalcifiées. Les résultats ont indiqué que dans tous les cas les granules DPBB ont été interconnectées par des bridges d'os néoformé vivant. Le volume d'os dans l'aire greffée était en corrélation inverse avec les concentrations de DPBB greffées et variait entre 37 et 23 %. Cependant le volume total de matériel minéralisé (os+granules DPBB) restait dans les mêmes moyennes chez les cinq patients (entre 53 et 59 %). Les valeurs importantes pour la surface de résorption et ostéides, et la présence d'ostéoclastes multinucléaires positifs au TRAP dans les lacunes de résorption indiquaient que le remodelage osseux était très actif dans tous les greffons. Les ostéoclastes étaient également observés dans des petites crevasses de résorption étroites sur les surfaces DPBB. Le pourcentage DPBB en contact avec l'os demeurait stable à environ 35% et ne pouvait pas être mis en relation avec la proportion de DPBB greffé. Bien que le nombre de patients examinés aie été très limité, les données suggèrent que l'os bovin spongieux déprotéiné de préférence en combinaison avec des particules d'os autogène est un bon matériel pour l'épaississement du plancher sinusal en présence de maxillaire humain sévèrement atrophié. [source]

Mortadella Sausage Formulations with Partial and Total Replacement of Beef and Pork Backfat with Mechanically Separated Meat from Spent Layer Hens

JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE, Issue 3 2005
Marco A. Trindade
ABSTRACT: Mortadella sausages were formulated with 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% mechanically separated layer hen meat (MSLM) replacing the beef and pork backfat as raw materials. Treatments were compared by determination of shear force, sensory acceptance, and stability during cold storage (microbial analysis, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances [TBARS], color, and descriptive sensory analysis). Mortadella with higher MSLM presented lower shear force values. TBARS index and sensory rancidity were not affected. The greater the amounts of MSLM used, the paler was the pink color observed in the sensory evaluations and the lower were the CIE a* values. All treatments presented minimal increase in the microbiological counts evaluated during storage. The limiting factor in the acceptance of the product was the perception of bone particles in mortadella containing 60% or more MSLM. [source]

Technical note: PCR analysis of minimum target amount of ancient DNA

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY, Issue 2 2010
Daniela Woide
Abstract The study of ancient DNA plays an important role in archaeological and palaeontological research as well as in pathology and forensics. Here, we present a new tool for ancient DNA analysis, which overcomes contamination problems, DNA degradation, and the negative effects of PCR inhibitors while reducing the amount of starting target material in the picogram range. Ancient bone samples from four Egyptian mummies were examined by combining laser microdissection, conventional DNA extraction, and low-volume PCR. Initially, several bone particles (osteons) in the micrometer range were extracted by laser microdissection. Subsequently, ancient DNA amplification was performed to verify our extraction method. Amelogenin and ,-actin gene specific fragments were amplified via low-volume PCR in a total reaction volume of 1 ,l. Results of microdissected mummy DNA samples were compared to mummy DNA, which was extracted using a standard DNA extraction method based on pulverization of bone material. Our results highlight the combination of laser microdissection and low-volume PCR as a promising new technique in ancient DNA analysis. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2010. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

Optimal microvessel density from composite graft of autogenous maxillary cortical bone and anorganic bovine bone in sinus augmentation: influence of clinical variables

CLINICAL ORAL IMPLANTS RESEARCH, Issue 2 2010
Pablo Galindo-Moreno
Abstract Objectives: The objectives of this study were to assess the microvessel density (MVD) of intra-sinus grafts after 6 months of wound healing and to study the relationship between revascularization processes and patient clinical variables and habits. Material and methods: We performed 45 maxillary sinus augmentations with different implant placements in 25 consecutive patients, obtaining bone cores of the grafted area for histological, histomorphometric and immunohistochemical study. Biopsies were also taken from pristine bone in the posterior maxilla (control). Results: All implants survived at 24 months. Biopsies of sinus augmentation areas showed significantly greater remodeling activity vs. pristine bone, with significantly more osteoid lines. The morphometry study revealed 34.88±15.2% vital bone, 32.02±15.1% non-mineralized tissue and 33.08±25.4% remnant anorganic bovine bone particles. The number of CD34-positive vessels was 86.28±55.52/mm2 in graft tissue vs. 31.52±13.69/mm2 in native tissue (P=0.002, Mann,Whitney U=46). The larger amount of non-mineralized tissue in grafts was directly correlated with a higher MVD (r=0.482, P=0.0001, Pearson's test). MVD was affected by the presence of periodontitis or tobacco and alcohol consumption. Conclusion: The angiogenesis and revascularization obtained by this type of graft achieve adequate tissue remodeling for osseointegration and are influenced by periodontal disease and tobacco or alcohol consumption. To cite this article: Galindo-Moreno P, Padial-Molina M, Fernández-Barbero JE, Mesa F, Rodríguez-Martínez D, O'Valle F. Optimal microvessel density from composite graft of autogenous maxillary cortical bone and anorganic bovine bone in sinus augmentation: influence of clinical variables. Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 21, 2010; 221,227 doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2009.01827.x [source]

High concentrations of bioactive glass material (BioGran®) vs. autogenous bone for sinus floor elevation

CLINICAL ORAL IMPLANTS RESEARCH, Issue 4 2002
Histomorphometrical observations on three split mouth clinical cases
Abstract: In this study, high concentrations of bioactive glass (BG) particles were compared with autogenous bone in their capacity to augment maxillary bone when grafted in the human sinus floor using a split mouth design. Three female patients with severe maxillary atrophy underwent bilateral sinus floor elevation and bone grafting using 80,100% BG particles (300,355 ,m in size) mixed with 20% to 0% iliac crest bone particles at one (experimental) side, and 100% iliac crest derived bone particles at the other (control) side. A total of 22 bone biopsies was taken at the time of fixture installation; that is, at 4, 6 and 15 months after grafting, and processed for histology and histomorphometry. At the control (autogenous bone) sides, trabecular bone amounted to 39% of the biopsy volume in the graft (site) at 4 months, almost 41% at 6 months, and 42% at 15 months. This bone contained viable osteocytes and was mostly of mature, lamellar type. At the experimental (BG particles) sides, the graft consisted of 27% of mostly woven (and some lamellar) bone at 4 months, 36% (woven and lamellar) bone at 6 months, and 39% (mainly lamellar) bone at 15 months. The grafted BG particles started to excavate at 4 months and their centers gradually filled with bone tissue. As a consequence, the volume of BG particles in the biopsy decreased from 29% at 4 months to 15% at 6 months and 8% at 15 months. The BG particles appeared to resorb within 1,2 years by dissolution rather than by osteoclastic activity. Parameters for bone turnover (% osteoid surface, % resorption surface) indicated that bone remodeling was very active at both experimental and control sides, during more than 6 months. These results suggest that mixtures of mainly (80,90%) BG particles and some (10,20%) autogenous bone are effective for bone regeneration in the augmented sinus offer 6 months healing time, while about 12 months healing time is needed for 100% BG particles. [source]