Bond Conversion (bond + conversion)

Distribution by Scientific Domains
Polymers and Materials Science100%

Kinds of Bond Conversion

  • double bond conversion
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    Selected Abstracts

    Swelling-Induced Surface Patterns in Hydrogels with Gradient Crosslinking Density

    ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS, Issue 19 2009
    Murat Guvendiren
    Abstract Hydrogels with controlled surface patterns are useful for a range of applications, including in microdevices, sensors, coatings, and adhesives. In this work, a simple and robust method to generate a wide range of osmotically driven surface patterns, including random, lamellar, peanut, and hexagonal structures is developed. This method does not require the use of organic solvents for swelling, pre-patterning of the film surface, or coating of a second layer on the gel. The patterns are fabricated by exposing a photocurable formulation to light while open to air and then swelling, using oxygen inhibition of the radical polymerization at the surface to create a gradient of crosslinking with depth, which was confirmed by measuring the double bond conversion at the surface, surface mechanics, and molecule diffusion into the network. The modulus gradient, and hence osmotic pressure, is controlled by the crosslinker concentration, and the characteristic size of the patterns is determined by the initial film thickness. The patterns are stable in both swollen and dry states, creating a versatile approach that is useful for diverse polymers to create complex patterns with long-range order. [source]

    Kinetics of self-condensing vinyl hyperbranched polymerization in three-dimensional space

    JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE (IN TWO SECTIONS), Issue 13 2008
    Xuehao He
    Abstract Self-condensing vinyl hyperbranched polymerization (SCVP) with A-B* type monomer is simulated applying Monte Carlo method using 3d bond fluctuation lattice model in three-dimensional space. The kinetics of SCVP with zero active energy of reaction is studied in detail. It is found that the maximal number,average and weight,average polymerization degrees and the maximal molecular weight distribution, at varying the initial monomer concentration and double bond conversion, are about 52, 190, and 3.93, respectively, which are much lower than theoretical values. The maximal average fraction of branching points is about 0.27, obtained at full conversion at the initial monomer concentration of 0.75. The simulation demonstrated the importance of steric effects and intramolecular cyclization in self-condensing vinyl hyperbranched polymerization. The results are also compared with experiments qualitatively and a good agreement is achieved. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 4486,4494, 2008 [source]

    Modeling the Effect of Oxygen on Photopolymerization Kinetics

    MACROMOLECULAR THEORY AND SIMULATIONS, Issue 2 2006
    Allison K. O'Brien
    Abstract Summary: A comprehensive one-dimensional photopolymerization model was utilized to investigate the effect of oxygen on the free-radical photopolymerization kinetics. The spatial profiling aspect of the model provided insight into the heterogeneity of the cure kinetics due to oxygen inhibition, specifically the variance in the concentration profile of monomer and oxygen. Double bond conversion was negligible for the top ten microns of the film due to continuous oxygen diffusion, and increased with increasing depth. Similarly, the oxygen concentration decreased with increasing depth due to the competition between oxygen diffusion time and the polymerization rate. The effect of initiation rate on the extent of oxygen inhibition was investigated for various oxygen concentrations. As the initiation rate increased, the polymerization rate increased, and eventually approached that of a sample in an inert environment. Similarly, as the oxygen concentration was decreased, the polymerization rate increased. The effect of varying the initiation rate on the cure profile in the oxygen-exposed film was also studied. It was found that the unpolymerized tacky layer decreased from 50 µm to 5 µm with a 3 order of magnitude increase in initiation rate. Using the pseudo steady state approximation, the relationship between polymerization rate and initiation rate was derived for films in an oxygen environment. A direct relationship between the polymerization and initiation rate was found for films in air. The polymerization model supported this derivation and found that as the oxygen concentration was decreased, the dependence on initiation rate, or alpha, decreased, reaching the accepted value of 0.5 for alpha in inert environments. Double bond conversion versus film depth and cure time. [source]

    Low-temperature photopolymerization and post-cure characteristics of acrylates

    POLYMER INTERNATIONAL, Issue 6 2007
    Xia Gao
    Abstract Near-infrared spectroscopy was used to investigate the post-cure characteristics of acrylates polymerized from , 75 °C up to room temperature. The results obtained showed that the double bond conversion increased with increasing initiator concentration. Post-cure was much more striking for samples cured at lower temperatures. The chemical structure of monomer and photoinitiator had a great effect on the post-cure process. The greater the functionality, the lower the final double bond conversion and the more distinct the post-cure effect. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry Society of Chemical Industry [source]