|
| ||
|
|
||
Body Fat Weight (body + fat_weight)
Selected AbstractsSonographic evaluation of gallbladder volume and ejection fraction in obese women without gallstonesJOURNAL OF CLINICAL ULTRASOUND, Issue 7 2003Ramazan Sari MD Abstract Purpose Obese people have an increased incidence of gallstones. Although the exact pathogenic mechanisms of gallstone development are unknown, impaired gallbladder emptying has been suggested as a possible underlying mechanism. Our aim was to investigate this possibility by evaluating gallbladder motility and related factors in obese and nonobese women without gallstones. Methods This study included 79 obese women and 25 nonobese healthy women. Using real-time sonography, we evaluated fasting and postprandial (15th-, 30th-, 45th-, 60th-, 75th-, 90th-, 120th-, and 150th-minute) gallbladder volumes and ejection fractions. The smallest postprandial volume was considered the residual volume. Results Mean (± standard deviation) fasting and residual gallbladder volumes were 43.2 ± 18.3 cm3 and 21.4 ± 11.2 cm3, respectively, in the obese women and 28.1 ± 12.3 cm3 and 7.9 ± 3.4 cm3, respectively, in the nonobese women. Maximal ejection fraction was 49 ± 19% in obese women and 63 ± 29% in nonobese women (p = 0.001). The fasting and residual volumes and the postprandial volumes at all time points were higher in obese women than in nonobese women (p < 0.001). In addition, 15th-, 30th-, 45th-, 60th-, 75th-, and 90th-minute postprandial ejection fractions were lower in obese women than in nonobese women (p < 0.001). Positive correlations were found between fasting gallbladder volume and body mass index and body fat weight and between residual volume and body mass index, waist circumference, body fat percentage, and body fat weight (p < 0.05 for all comparisons). Conclusions Our results show that fasting and postprandial gallbladder volumes are higher and that postprandial gallbladder motility is lower in obese than in nonobese women. There are positive correlations between fasting gallbladder volume and body weight, body mass index, and body fat weight. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 31: 352,357, 2003 [source] The relationship between plasma leptin concentrations and the distribution of body fat in crossbred steersANIMAL SCIENCE JOURNAL, Issue 2 2003Tomoya YAMADA Abstract The objective of the present study was to examine the relationship between plasma leptin levels and fat distribution in crossbred steers. Twenty-four crossbred steers (Japanese Black × Holstein) were used in this study. Six steers belonged to the growing phase (11 months of age), and 18 steers to the finishing phase (from 21 to 28 months of age). Plasma leptin levels correlated positively with body fat weight (r = 0.807, P < 0.01), body fat percentage (r = 0.802, P < 0.01), visceral fat weight (r = 0.807, P < 0.01), visceral fat percentage (r = 0.780, P < 0.01), subcutaneous fat weight (r = 0.745, P < 0.01), subcutaneous fat percentage (r = 0.734, P < 0.01), intermuscular fat weight (r = 0.793, P < 0.01), intermuscular fat percentage (0.775, P < 0.01), renal fat weight (r = 0.694, P < 0.01), renal fat percentage (r = 0.642, P < 0.01), subcutaneous fat thickness (r = 0.755, P < 0.01), intermuscular fat thickness (r = 0.721, P < 0.01), beef marbling score (r = 0.706, P < 0.01) and the crude fat content of Musculus longissimus thoracis (r = 0.592, P < 0.01). The location of fat deposits did not affect the correlation values. However, when steers were divided into growing (n = 6) and finishing (n = 18) groups, there was no significant correlation between plasma leptin levels and the carcass characteristics related to fat deposition (fat weight, fat percentage, carcass traits) in either group. These results suggest that plasma leptin levels in crossbred steers positively correlate with body fat content and carcass traits when these parameters vary widely. [source] Fasting concentrations of nesfatin-1 are negatively correlated with body mass index in non-obese malesCLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY, Issue 4 2010Takafumi Tsuchiya Summary Background, We recently identified a novel anorexigenic protein, nesfatin-1, which is processed from nesfatin/nucleobindin-2 (NUCB2). However, the clinical importance of this protein has not been determined. Objective, To investigate its clinical significance in humans, we have established a new specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for human nesfatin-1 in peripheral blood and measured its circulating concentration in healthy subjects. Design, The new sandwich-type ELISA method was validated and then used to measure nesfatin-1 levels in plasma samples, under overnight fasting conditions, followed by oral glucose tolerance and meal tests. Patients and measurements, A total of 43 nonobese males (age: 24·5 ± 0·6 , body mass index (BMI); 21·1 ± 0·3 kg/m2) were recruited to the study for evaluating fasting concentrations of nesfatin-1. In those, fifteen subjects underwent a 75- g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and another 15 underwent a meal test. In addition, fasting concentrations of nesfatin-1 were measured in nine males with high BMI (age: 32·4 ± 3·7 , BMI; 37·3 ± 3·8 kg/m2). Results, Peripheral concentrations of nesfatin-1 showed a significant negative correlation with BMI, percentage body fat, body fat weight and blood glucose (P < 0·05). Nesfatin-1 concentrations were not significantly changed during OGTT and meal tests. Fasting nesfatin-1 levels were significantly lower in subjects with high BMI compared to nonobese subjects (P < 0·05). Conclusions, A new specific and sensitive ELISA for nesfatin-1 was established. Further accumulation of clinical observations is necessary to clarify the role of circulating nesfatin-1 in various metabolic disorders. [source] Depressed humoral immunity after weight reduction in competitive judoistsLUMINESCENCE: THE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL LUMINESCENCE, Issue 3 2002Seikou Ohta Abstract We studied changes in serum opsonic activity (SOA) in male judoists who were engaged in active weight reduction. Serum immunoglobulins, complements and SOA, measured by neutrophil-associated chemiluminescence responses, were investigated 20 days, 7 days and 1 day before a competition and 5 days after the competition. In addition, muscle strength and anaerobic work capacity, as well as body composition, were also determined. A dietary survey was conducted daily during the observation period. Body weight decreased by 4.2 kg over 19 days. SOA significantly decreased 5 days after the competition, as well as the concentrations of serum immunoglobulins, complements and total proteins. These trends were noted in the marked weight reduction group (i.e. reduction weight of body fat/body fat weight before weight reduction ,25%) more than the slight reduction group (<25%). Depressed SOA was closely correlated with the decreased concentrations of immunoglobulins and complements. These results suggest that the decrease in immunoglobulins and complements following weight reduction is associated with reduced SOA, which might cause susceptibility to infections. This study demonstrated that such immunosuppression appeared in the recovery period after the competition rather than immediately before the competition. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] | ||||||||||