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Box Model (box + model)
Selected AbstractsOn The Peña,Box ModelJOURNAL OF TIME SERIES ANALYSIS, Issue 6 2004Yu-Pin Hu Abstract., Peña and Box [Journal of Americal Statistical Association (1987) Vol. 82, PP. 836,843] proposed a factor model which aimed to explore the possibility of using lower-dimensional series to represent or explain an observed higher-dimensional multiple time series. However, there were no statistics with distribution results with which to build the model. In this paper, we derive a statistical procedure to build the model for stationary and first-order non-stationary series. The main idea, conducted by the canonical correlation analysis between present series and non-present series, is an extension of the concept of the scalar component model proposed by Tiao and Tsay [Journal of the Royal Statistical Society B (1989) Vol. 51, pp. 157,213]. Finally, simulation studies and reanalysis of two real data sets are illustrated. [source] Spatial arrangement of molecules in homomolecular Z' = 2 structuresACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION B, Issue 2 2006Elna Pidcock The Box Model of crystal packing describes unit cells in terms of a limited number of arrangements of molecular building blocks. An analysis of Z,, 1 structures has shown that cell dimensions are related to molecular dimensions in a systematic way and that the spatial arrangement of molecules in crystal structures is very similar, irrespective of Z or space group. In this paper it is shown that the spatial arrangement of molecules in Z, = 2 structures are, within the context of the Box Model, very similar to that found for Z,, 1 structures. The absence of crystallographic symmetry does not appear to affect correlations between molecular dimensions and cell dimensions, or between the packing patterns and the positions of molecules in the unit cell, established from the analysis of Z,, 1 structures. The preference shown by Z, = 2 structures for low surface-area packing patterns and the observation that strong energetic interactions are most often found between the large faces of the independent molecules reaffirms the importance of molecular shape in crystal packing. [source] A new approach using tissue optic theory to research the properties of organismsHEAT TRANSFER - ASIAN RESEARCH (FORMERLY HEAT TRANSFER-JAPANESE RESEARCH), Issue 5 2008Yan Zhang Abstract Based on theories of tissue optics and artificial neural network, the relationship between the optical properties and biological parameters was studied, and a new experimental calculation method was derived. The properties of the organism were obtained indirectly by a black box model derived by self-study of the artificial neural network between optical parameters and thermo-physical parameters. The results calculated from the black box have an average relative error between ,5% and 5% when compared with the actual values, which verifies the neural network method's feasibility for the measurement of parameters in other domains. ©2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 37(5): 283,289, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.20207 [source] Microbial strengthening of loose sandLETTERS IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY, Issue 2 2010B.L. Banagan Abstract Aims:, To test whether the addition of Flavobacterium johnsoniae could increase the strength of saturated Ottawa 30 sand. Methods and Results:, A box model was built that simulates groundwater-like flow through a main sand compartment. Strength tests were performed at seven locations and at two depths, 10·8 and 20·3 cm below the top of the tank, using a vane shear device before and after the addition of bacteria. After the addition of Fl. johnsoniae, sand samples were obtained from multiple sampling ports on the vertical sides of the box model. The presence of a bacterial biofilm was confirmed by staining these sand samples with SYTO-9 and Alexa Fluor 633 and viewing with a confocal microscope. The average shear strength increases after the addition of Fl. johnsoniae were 15·2,87·5%, depending on the experimental conditions. Conclusions:,Flavobacterium johnsoniae caused a statistically significant increase in the strength of saturated Ottawa 30 sand. Significance and Impact of the Study:, Biofilm-forming bacteria can increase the shear strength of saturated sand. The addition of biofilm-forming bacteria to a building site may be an alternate method to mitigate the effects of liquefaction. [source] Effects of tidal flat reclamation on sediment quality and hypoxia in Isahaya BayAQUATIC CONSERVATION: MARINE AND FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEMS, Issue 6 2006Yoshikuni Hodoki Abstract 1.Ariake Bay, which is located in western Japan, has a large tidal range (>6 m) and a vast tidal flat (200 km2). In the early 1990s, the government-managed Isahaya Reclamation Project began in the western part of Ariake Bay. A 16-km2 area of tidal flat in the inner part of Isahaya Bay was destroyed through reclamation and separated from the sea by a dyke, which created land and a freshwater reservoir. 2.Since the initiation of the project, fishery yields around Isahaya Bay have dramatically decreased. The objective of this study was to clarify the relationship between the work associated with the Isahaya Reclamation Project and the recent environmental deterioration in Ariake Bay, with references to present sediment thickness and organic matter content, and hypoxic water distributions in Isahaya Bay. 3.The organic matter load from the reservoir has increased since the initiation of the reclamation project and has been associated with a thick layer of fine sediment at the bottom of Isahaya Bay. The thickness of fine sediment and the total organic carbon content were higher in Isahaya Bay than in the freshwater reservoir. 4.Based on measurements in August 2001, hypoxic water spread widely in and around Isahaya Bay; the lowest dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration (0.53 mg L,1) was observed just outside the dyke. An analysis based on a two-layered box model using data obtained in August 2001 showed that the DO consumption rate in the bottom layer was high (0.61 mg O2 L,1 day,1), and that 22,41% of the total organic carbon load needed to induce the hypoxic water was derived from the reclamation area. 5.Our findings strongly suggest that enclosed seas may suffer from eutrophic and hypoxic conditions because of their low seawater-exchange rate. A comprehensive conservation programme and environmental assessment including physical and material transport processes in the system is needed to manage the environment of the enclosed sea. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Modelling the impact of oxygenated VOC and meteorology upon the boundary layer photochemistry at the South PoleATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE LETTERS, Issue 1 2007P. D. Hamer Abstract A chemistry box model is used to explore implications of recent measurements of methyl hydroperoxide (MHP) across Antarctica and their influence upon high ozone events in the South Pole boundary layer. To reconcile, recent data models suggest that chemistry and meteorology play an important role. Copyright © 2007 Royal Meteorological Society [source] | ||||||||||