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Bowel Motility (bowel + motility)
Kinds of Bowel Motility Selected AbstractsThe nervous system and gastrointestinal functionDEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES RESEARCH REVIEW, Issue 2 2008Muhammad A. Altaf Abstract The enteric nervous system is an integrative brain with collection of neurons in the gastrointestinal tract which is capable of functioning independently of the central nervous system (CNS). The enteric nervous system modulates motility, secretions, microcirculation, immune and inflammatory responses of the gastrointestinal tract. Dysphagia, feeding intolerance, gastroesophageal reflux, abdominal pain, and constipation are few of the medical problems frequently encountered in children with developmental disabilities. Alteration in bowel motility have been described in most of these disorders and can results from a primary defect in the enteric neurons or central modulation. The development and physiology of the enteric nervous system is discussed along with the basic mechanisms involved in controlling various functions of the gastrointestinal tract. The intestinal motility, neurogastric reflexes, and brain perception of visceral hyperalgesia are also discussed. This will help better understand the pathophysiology of these disorders in children with developmental disabilities. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. Dev Disabil Res Rev 2008;14:87,95. [source] Opiate Use to Control Bowel Motility May Induce Chronic Daily Headache in Patients With MigraineHEADACHE, Issue 3 2001S.M. Wilkinson MD Objectives.,To investigate whether opiate overuse might cause chronic daily headache in those with migraine, we studied patients who were taking codeine (or other opiates) for control of bowel motility after colectomy for ulcerative colitis. Background.,Analgesic overuse is considered by many to be one factor which can result in the transformation of migraine into a chronic daily headache pattern. Most of the evidence for this comes from patients with migraine who are taking increasing amounts of analgesia for headache. Many of these patients revert to an intermittent migraine pattern once the analgesics are stopped. Methods.,Women who were 1 year postcolectomy for ulcerative colitis were identified in several colorectal surgery practices in Calgary. They were sent a questionnaire designed to determine if they had a history of migraine prior to surgery, if they currently had chronic daily headache, what medications they were taking to control bowel motility, and what medications they were taking for headache. Results.,Twenty-eight patients who met our inclusion criteria returned completed questionnaires. Eight of these exceeded the recommended limits for opiate use in patients with headache. Eight patients met diagnostic criteria for migraine. Two patients had chronic daily headache starting after surgery. Both used daily opiates beginning after their surgery, and both had a history of migraine. The other six patients who used opiates daily did not have a history of migraine and did not have chronic daily headache. All patients with migraine who used daily opiates to control bowel motility following surgery developed chronic daily headache after surgery. Conclusions.,Patients with migraine who use daily opiates for any reason are at high risk of developing transformed migraine with chronic daily headache. This risk appears much lower in patients without a history of migraine who use opiates for nonpain indications. [source] Effects of midazolam on small bowel motility in humansALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS, Issue 5 2000Castedal Background: Benzodiazepines are used as sedatives for some intestinal procedures and as hypnotics, and this is the reason for studying their effects on duodenojejunal motility. Methods: Antroduodenojejunal manometry was performed in 13 healthy volunteers on two different occasions, when placebo or midazolam were given intravenously (randomized, double-blind). A bolus dose of midazolam 0.03 mg/kg was followed by 0.015 mg/kg after 1.5, 3 and 4.5 h. After 5 h observation of interdigestive motility, the volunteers were given a test meal and recording continued for another hour. Twenty-eight motility variables were compared. Results: With midazolam the median motility index of phase III in the proximal duodenum was increased by 37% (P < 0.05), which was a consequence of both a longer duration (P < 0.01) and higher pressure amplitudes (P < 0.05), compared with placebo. A longer duration (9%) of phase III was also seen in the distal duodenum (P < 0.05). With midazolam the duration of the migrating motor complex was shortened by 27% (P < 0.05). No statistically significant difference was found for the number of episodes of phase III registered (P=0.09), or for the other 22 motility variables compared including the duodenal retroperistalsis in late phase III. Conclusion: Midazolam does affect some aspects of duodenal motility, especially in the proximal part, but phase III-related retroperistalsis is not affected. [source] The incretin hormones GIP and GLP-1 in diabetic rats: effects on insulin secretion and small bowel motilityNEUROGASTROENTEROLOGY & MOTILITY, Issue 3 2009T. Edholm Abstract, Incretin hormones often display inhibitory actions on gut motility. The aim of this study was to investigate if altered responsiveness to glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) as regards insulin release and small bowel motility could bring further clarity to the pathophysiology of diabetes in the Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rat. The isolated perfused pancreas was studied in male GK and Wistar rats (controls) under euglycemic and hyperglycemic conditions. Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (10 nmol L,1) or GLP-1 (10 nmol L,1) were added to the medium and perfusate was collected and analysed for insulin. Moreover, GK and Wistar rats were supplied with bipolar electrodes in the small bowel and myoelectric activity was recorded during intravenous administration of GIP (1,400 pmol kg,1 min,1) or GLP-1 (0.1,20 pmol kg,1 min,1). Finally, tissue was collected from GK and Wistar rats for RNA extraction. Under euglycemia, GIP and GLP-1 stimulated the initial insulin response by 10-fold in GK rats (P < 0.05). At later hyperglycemia, the insulin response to GIP and GLP-1 was blunted to about one-third compared with controls (P < 0.05). In the bowel GLP-1 was about 2.6,16.7 times more potent than GIP in abolishing the migrating myoelectric complex in the GK and control rats. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) showed GIP and GLP-1 receptor gene expression in pancreatic islets and in small bowel. The initially high, but later low insulin responsiveness to stimulation with GIP and GLP-1 along with inhibition of small bowel motility in the GK rat indicates a preserved incretin response on motility in diabetes type 2. [source] 12 Effects of synchronized intestinal electrical stimulation on small intestinal motility in dogsNEUROGASTROENTEROLOGY & MOTILITY, Issue 6 2006J YIN Our previous studies showed that synchronized gastric electrical stimulation enhanced antral contractions, accelerated gastric emptying in dogs. It has never been reported whether synchronized electrical stimulation could improve small intestinal motility. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of synchronized intestinal electrical stimulation (SIES) on small bowel motility in both fasting and fed states in dogs. Methods:, Five healthy female dogs (18,24 kg) were equipped with a duodenal cannula for the measurement of small bowel motility using manometry. Two pairs of bipolar electrodes were implanted on the small intestinal serosa with an interval of 25 cm; the first one was 10 cm beyond the pylorus and used for stimulation. The experiment was consisted of four sessions in each dog with a randomized order. In the fasting state, 20 min after occurrence of phase III, SIES was initiated and maintained for 45 min, small bowel motility was recorded during the entire experiment, and no stimulation was performed in the control session. In other two sessions, dogs were fed with solid meal at the beginning of the experiment; glucagon (0.1 mg kg1) was injected 20 min after feeding, SIES was initiated at the same time for 20 min followed by 20 min recovery period. The stimulus was composed of train of pulses with on-time of 0.5 s, frequency of 20 Hz, pulse width of 2 ms and amplitude of 4 mA. Results:, 1). In the fasting state, SIES induced small intestinal contractions during phase I. The motility index was 5.2 ± 0.6 in the control session and significantly increased to 10.3 ± 0.7 with SIES (P = 0.003). 2). In the fed state, glucagon substantially and significantly inhibited small intestinal motility. The motility index was 11.3 ± 0.7 after feeding and reduced to 3.4 ± 0.5 with glucagon injection (P < 0.001). SIES significantly enhanced glucagon-induced small intestinal postprandial hypomotility. The motility index was 3.4 ± 0.5 in the control session and increased to 6.0 ± 0.3 with the presence of SIES (P = 0.03). Conclusions:, Intestinal electrical stimulation synchronized with intestinal slow waves induces intestinal contractions during phase I and enhanced small intestinal postprandial hypomotility induced by glucagon. SIES may have the therapeutic potential for treating small intestinal motility disorders. (Supported by a grant from American Diabetes Association). [source] | ||||||||||