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Bovine Adipose Tissue (bovine + adipose_tissue)
Selected Abstracts, -Carotene is incorporated or mobilized along with triglycerides in bovine adipose tissue in response to insulin or epinephrineJOURNAL OF ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY AND NUTRITION, Issue 1 2009E. Arias Summary Pasture fed cattle ingest substantial amounts of , -carotene (, -C). Not all of the carotenoid compound is transformed into vitamin A, but the surplus is deposited in adipose tissue (AT). The mechanisms of , -C incorporation and mobilization are unknown. Two experiments were conducted using explants from bovine AT cultured in vitro. First, , -C incorporation by explants from three animals was examined with different , -C concentrations (0, 1, 5 and 20 ,m) and different times of incubation (every 5 h up to 25 h). The data showed a significant increase of , -C concentration in explants only for 20 ,m, -C. Secondly, effects of insulin and epinephrine on , -C and triglyceride (TG) contents of explants were studied. Explants from six animals were incubated with either hormone and 0 or 20 ,m, -C for 20 h. Both TG and , -C contents were affected positively by insulin and negatively by epinephrine. Interestingly, changes in ratios of , -C/TG (hormone vs. control) were similar (1.7 × 10,3 and 1.8 × 10,3), respectively, for insulin and epinephrine, indicating that , -C level is directly related to TG content. We also report the presence of mRNA for , -C 15, 15, oxygenase in bovine AT. The in vitro culture system using explants from bovine AT is a promising model to investigate factors that might affect the accumulation and metabolism of , -C. [source] Genetic variation in the ,, ,-carotene-9,, 10,-dioxygenase gene and association with fat colour in bovine adipose tissue and milkANIMAL GENETICS, Issue 3 2010R. Tian Summary ,, ,-carotene-9,, 10,-dioxygenase (BCO2) plays a role in cleaving ,-carotene eccentrically, and may be involved in the control of adipose and milk colour in cattle. The bovine BCO2 gene was sequenced as a potential candidate gene for a beef fat colour QTL on chromosome (BTA) 15. A single nucleotide base change located in exon 3 causes the substitution of a stop codon (encoded by the A allele) for tryptophan80 (encoded by the G allele) (c. 240G>A, p.Trp80stop, referred to herein as SNP W80X). Association analysis showed significant differences in subcutaneous fat colour and beta-carotene concentration amongst cattle with different BCO2 genotypes. Animals with the BCO2 AA genotype had more yellow beef fat and a higher beta-carotene concentration in adipose tissues than those with the GA or GG genotype. QTL mapping analysis with the BCO2 SNP W80X fitted as a fixed effect confirmed that this SNP is likely to represent the quantitative trait nucleotide (QTN) for the fat colour-related traits on BTA 15. Moreover, animals with the AA genotype had yellower milk colour and a higher concentration of beta-carotene in the milk. [source] Characterisation of gene expression in bovine adipose tissue before and after fatteningANIMAL GENETICS, Issue 3 2000M Oishi Summary It has been reported that fattening causes bovine adipose tissue development associated with an enlargement in adipocyte cell size. As a first study to elucidate mechanisms of bovine adipose tissue development during fattening, our experiment was designed to characterise gene expression in bovine adipose tissue before and after fattening. We randomly isolated a large number of cDNA clones derived from bovine adipose tissue before and after fattening. Sequence analysis of the isolated clones showed that 3 and 10 clones from before and after fattening, respectively, correspond to genes related to adipocyte development and/or function in the adipose tissue. In addition, we isolated cDNA clones that possess negative signal by hybridising the cDNA population from the adipose tissue after fattening with that before fattening as a probe. As a result, we identified five types of transcripts observed in the adipose tissue after fattening but not before fattening. Two of the five are likely to encode bovine orthologs of phospholipase A2 and RNA helicase p68, while the other three represent unknown genes. Further functional investigation of the identified genes might lead to elucidation of mechanisms of bovine adipose tissue development during fattening. [source] Adiposity, fatty acid composition, and delta-9 desaturase activity during growth in beef cattleANIMAL SCIENCE JOURNAL, Issue 5 2006Stephen B. SMITH ABSTRACT Oleic acid (18:1n-9) is the most abundant fatty acid in bovine adipose tissue. Because most of the lipid in bovine muscle is contributed by intramuscular adipocytes, oleic acid also is the predominant fatty acid in beef. In many species, the concentration of oleic acid in adipose tissue is dictated by the average concentration of oleic acid in the diet, but in ruminant species such as beef cattle, oleic acid is hydrogenated largely to stearic acid by ruminal microorganisms. In these species, the concentration of oleic acid in adipose tissue is dependent upon the activity of ,9 desaturase, encoded by the stearoyl coenzyme A desaturase (SCD) gene. Expression of the SCD gene is essential for bovine preadipocyte differentiation, and desaturase gene expression and catalytic activity increase dramatically as adipose tissue mass increases after weaning. Feeding a hay-based diet to American Wagyu steers to a typical Japanese bodyweight endpoint (650 kg) markedly stimulated desaturase enzyme activity as well as the accumulation of both oleic acid and intramuscular lipid, but the increase in oleic acid and intramuscular lipid was much less in hay-fed Angus steers. Increasing the concentration of oleic acid improves the palatability and healthiness of beef, and Korean Hanwoo and Japanese Black (and American Wagyu) seem especially well adapted to accumulate oleic acid in their adipose tissue. [source] | ||||||||||