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Blood Oxygen Saturation (blood + oxygen_saturation)
Selected AbstractsInfluence of occupational factors on lung function in french dairy farmers.AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE, Issue 4 2006A 5-year longitudinal study Abstract Background Dairy farming is associated with a high prevalence of respiratory disorders but the respective influence of occupational exposures, environmental, and individual factors on lung function remain unclear. Methods In 1994 and 1999, dairy farmers were examined in the Doubs province, France. Spirometric measures and allergological tests were performed. Medical and professional data were obtained by questionnaires. A multiple linear regression analysis was performed. Results An accelerated decline in lung function parameters was associated with age, male sex, traditional farm (as opposed to modern farms), and a high rate of total IgE (P,<,10,2). Blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) was significantly positively linked with the modernization of the farm and negatively with age, smoking status, and log IgE (P,<,10,2). Geographical factors (altitude and climatic conditions) had no significant effect. Conclusions The modernization of the farm has an important and beneficial impact on lung functiony. Am. J. Ind. Med. 49:231,237, 2006. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Metalloproteinase-9 in circulating monocytes in pulmonary hypertensionFUNDAMENTAL & CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY, Issue 4 2006Caroline Cantini-Salignac Abstract The role of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in pulmonary hypertension (PH) is complex as MMPs are involved in both the vascular and cardiac remodelling associated with PH. To gain insight into this problem, monocytes were isolated from pulmonary arterial blood in patients suffering from PH, related to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (n = 6), chronic pulmonary thromboembolism (n = 3) or pulmonary arterial hypertension (n = 8). The severity of PH was associated with decreases in cardiac index (CI) and mixed venous blood oxygen saturation (SO2), and an increase in right atrial pressure (). Monocyte pro-MMP-9 content (zymography) was positively correlated with SO2 (r = 0.73, P < 0.05) and CI (r = 0.66, P < 0.05), and negatively with (r = 0.54, P < 0.05); there was no significant correlation with pulmonary vascular resistance. In conclusion, the pro-MMP-9 content of circulating monocytes was lower in the more severe forms of PH which showed heart failure suggesting that such MMP enzymatic activity reflects heart failure following pulmonary vascular and myocardial remodelling in PH. [source] Determination of pulp vitality in vivo with pulse oximetryINTERNATIONAL ENDODONTIC JOURNAL, Issue 9 2008E. Calil Abstract Aim, To evaluate the use of pulse oximetry as a test for pulp vitality, by comparing in the same patient, the levels of oxygen saturation of the index finger and of the maxillary central incisor and canine teeth without clinically detectable pulp inflammation. Methodology, Seventeen male and female patients aged between 26 and 38 years participated and a total of 32 maxillary central incisor and 32 canine teeth were analysed. Selection criteria required the teeth to have healthy crowns, or with restorations no more than 2 mm in diameter and no clinical and radiographical signs or symptoms of pulp or periapical inflammatory changes. The negative control group consisted of 10 root filled teeth. Measurements were first taken from the index finger of patients. Their teeth were then subjected to a thermal test with refrigerant gas and then to a vitality test with pulse oximetry. Data were analysed by Pearson's and paired t- tests. Results, There were no significant statistical correlations between blood oxygen levels in the index finger and in the teeth of the patient (P > 0.05). There was a statistically significant difference in the oxygen levels between the two tooth groups studied and the index finger (P , 0.002). Mean oxygen values in the index finger of patients were 95% (SD = 1.6), oxygen values in the maxillary central incisor were 91.29% (SD = 2.61) and mean oxygen values in maxillary canine were 90.69% (SD = 2.71). Conclusion, The method determined consistently the level of blood oxygen saturation of the pulp in maxillary central incisor and canine teeth and can therefore be used for pulp vitality testing. Further studies are required to assess the effectiveness and validity of pulse oximetry in determining pulp vitality in traumatized teeth. [source] Effects of bathing immediately after birth on early neonatal adaptation and morbidity: A prospective randomized comparative studyPEDIATRICS INTERNATIONAL, Issue 5 2000Yasushi Nako Abstract Objective: Because the risks and benefits of early bathing of newborn infants are not well established, we investigated the effects of bathing immediately after birth on rectal temperature, respiratory rate, heart rate, blood pressure, percutaneous arterial blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) and early neonatal morbidity. Methods: The study was designed as a randomized prospective comparative study in the neonatal care unit of a university hospital. A total of 187 healthy term and near-term newborn infants, who were delivered vaginally without asphyxia, between January and December 1997 were the study subjects. We compared findings in newborns who were bathed 2,5 min after birth (n=95) with those of a control group (n=92) who received dry care instead. Groups were comparable with respect to gestational age, birthweight, male : female ratio, Apgar score and umbilical blood pH. Rectal temperature was measured with an electronic thermometer immediately before the intervention bathing or dry care and at 30 min and 1, 2, 3, 8 and 12 h after birth. Heart rate, respiratory rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure and SpO2 were measured at 1, 2, 8 and 12 h after birth. The incidence of early neonatal morbidity, including hyperbilirubinemia and gastrointestinal and respiratory problems, was also compared. Results: Rectal temperature changed over time postnatally in both groups (P<0.0001, ANOVA) and there was a significant difference in rectal temperature between groups (P<0.0001, ANOVA). Mean (± SEM) rectal temperature at 30 min after birth (i.e. approximately within 20 min after intervention) was significantly higher in the bathed group than in the control (dry care) group (37.30~0.06 vs 37.00~0.05°C, respectively; P=0.000022). Respiratory rate, heart rate, blood pressure and the ratio of the number of infants with SpO2 90,94% and 95,100% did not differ significantly between the two groups. The incidence of early neonatal morbidity, including vomiting, acute gastric mucosal lesion, polycythemia, need for tube feeding, phototherapy and oxygen therapy, also did not differ between the two groups. Conclusions: Early bathing, minutes after birth, did not appear to adversely affect the adaptation of healthy full-term and near-term newborn infants. [source] Evaluation of transcutaneous CO2 responses following acute changes in PaCO2 in healthy subjectsRESPIROLOGY, Issue 3 2009Satoshi FUKE ABSTRACT Background and objective: Transcutaneous blood gas-monitoring systems with miniaturized SpO2 (peripheral blood oxygen saturation)/PCO2 combined sensors (TOSCATM) have been widely used. There are no reports of the inter- and intra-individual variability in transcutaneous measurements of PaCO2 (PtcCO2) in response to acute progressive changes in PaCO2. This study examined inter- and intra-individual variability of PtcCO2 measurements under semi-steady-state conditions, and characterized the behaviour of PtcCO2 in response to acute progressive changes in PaCO2. Methods: Subjects breathed mixed gases through a mouthpiece connected to an automatic arterial blood gas controller. Using end-tidal PCO2 and PO2 as guides, PaCO2 was controlled to increase and/or decrease between baseline and , 60 mm Hg, in a stepwise (n = 9) or progressive fashion (n = 6). Arterial blood was sampled when needed. Results: Intra-individual correlation coefficients between PtcCO2 and PaCO2 were excellent in all subjects (0.971,0.989); however, the slope of the regression line varied among subjects (1.040,1.335). Bias and limits of agreement (± 2 SD from bias) between PtcCO2 and PaCO2 were ,1.8 mm Hg and ,7.7 to 4.1 mm Hg. Changes in PtcCO2 in response to acute progressive changes in PaCO2 also varied among subjects. Conclusion: The PtcCO2 measurement system allows reliable estimation of PaCO2 in a given subject. However, caution is needed when comparing absolute values between subjects or when acute changes in PaCO2 occur. [source] Maxillary, mandibular and chin advancement surgery for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnoeaAUSTRALIAN DENTAL JOURNAL, Issue 3 2010R Jones Abstract The aim of this retrospective study was to determine the effectiveness of maxillary, mandibular and chin advancement (MMCA) surgery as a treatment for obstructive sleep apnoea and to determine the cephalometric parameters of this surgery. Twenty consecutive adult patients with obstructive sleep apnoea for whom other treatments (constant positive airway pressure, mandibular advancement splint and soft tissue surgery) had failed underwent MMCA surgery. Pre- and post-surgical polysomnography studies measuring the Respiratory Disturbance Index (RDI), minimum blood oxygen saturation (MinSaO2) and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) were compared. Lateral cephalometric radiographs measuring the pre- and post-surgical posterior airway space (PAS) were also analysed. Regression analysis indicated that the change in PAS at the level of B point largely accounted for the change in the RDI, although it was not significantly related with the postoperative oxygen saturation. MMCA surgery was found to be effective as a treatment for obstructive sleep apnoea, and improved all postoperative measures in this study. There was a significant relationship between B point, the PAS and a reduction in RDI. [source] Topical versus peribulbar anaesthesia for cataract surgeryACTA OPHTHALMOLOGICA, Issue 6 2003Gangolf Sauder Abstract. Background:,To assess and compare the efficacy and safety of topical versus peribulbar anaesthesia in patients undergoing routine cataract surgery. Methods:,The unicentre, prospective, randomized, clinical interventional trial included 140 consecutive patients undergoing routine cataract surgery performed by one of two surgeons. The patients were randomly distributed to either peribulbar anaesthesia or topical anaesthesia. To assess intraoperative pain, each patient was asked immediately after surgery to quantitate his/her pain using a 10-point pain rating scale. Results:,The study groups did not differ significantly in pain score (p = 0.54), duration of surgery (p = 0.52), anaesthesia-related intraoperative difficulties (p = 0.17), postoperative visual acuity (p = 0.94), overall intraoperative surgical complication rate, blood pressure rise (p = 0.16) or blood oxygen saturation (p = 0.74) Conclusions:,Patient comfort and surgery-related complications did not differ between topical anaesthesia and peribulbar anaesthesia. As there are no significant differences between the two techniques in terms of subjective pain experienced by patients, intraoperative complications and postoperative visual outcome, and in view of the minimally invasive character of topical anaesthesia compared to peribulbar anaesthesia, the present study suggests the use of topical anaesthesia for routine cataract surgery. [source] Resuscitation with Na+/H+ exchanger inhibitor in traumatic haemorrhagic shock: Cardiopulmonary performance, oxygen transport and tissue inflammationCLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PHARMACOLOGY AND PHYSIOLOGY, Issue 3 2010Dongmei Wu Summary 1. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of inhibition of the Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE-1) on cardiopulmonary performance, oxygen carrying capacity and tissue inflammation in a pig model of traumatic haemorrhage,resuscitation. 2. In 12 instrumented anaesthetized pigs, traumatic haemorrhage was modelled by producing tibia fractures, followed by haemorrhage of 25 mL/kg for 20 min, and then a 4 mm hepatic arterial tear with surgical repair after 20 min. Animals then underwent low-volume fluid resuscitation with either Hextend (vehicle; n = 6; Hospira, Lake Forest, IL, USA) or 3 mg/kg BIIB513 (an NHE-1 inhibitor) + Hextend (n = 6). The experiment was terminated 6 h after the beginning of resuscitation. 3. Compared with vehicle-treated controls, the addition of NHE-1 inhibition with BIIB513 significantly improved the left ventricle stroke work index and attenuated increases in pulmonary arterial pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance. Furthermore, BIIB513 treatment significantly increased the oxygenated haemoglobin ratio, blood oxygen content and mixed venous blood oxygen saturation and improved blood oxygen delivery. In addition, BIIB513 treatment reduced lung tissue levels of interleukin-6 by 80%, tumour necrosis factor-, by 37% and myeloperoxidase activity by 38%. Nuclear factor-,B DNA binding activity in the lung was also slightly and significantly attenuated following BIIB513 treatment. 4. In conclusion, the present study shows that NHE-1 inhibition facilitates the response to fluid resuscitation after traumatic haemorrhage by improving cardiac function, pulmonary vascular function and oxygen carrying capacity, which results in reduced tissue inflammatory injury. 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