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Black Youth (black + youth)
Selected AbstractsECONOMIC DEPRIVATION AND CHANGES IN HOMICIDE ARREST RATES FOR WHITE AND BLACK YOUTHS, 1967,1998: A NATIONAL TIME-SERIES ANALYSIS,CRIMINOLOGY, Issue 3 2001STEVEN F. MESSNER Using time-series techniques with national data for 1967,98, we model the effects on changes in age-race-specific arrest rates of changes in indicators of economic deprivation. A measure of child poverty is positively related to juvenile arrest rates for both races, whereas changing unemployment (lagged) yields a surprising negative effect on youth offending. Measures of intraracial income inequality are also associated with changes in juvenile arrest rates, but the effects differ by race. Between-race inequality is unrelated to changes in arrest rates for both races. Our general conclusion is that fluctuations in juvenile homicide offending over recent decades can be understood, at least in part, with reference to the macro-economic environment confronting young people and their families. [source] Cumulative Environmental Risk and Youth Problem BehaviorJOURNAL OF MARRIAGE AND FAMILY, Issue 3 2004Jean M. Gerard Using data from Wave 1 (n = 5,070) and Wave 2 (n = 4,404) of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, we examined the relationship between cumulative risk exposure and youth problem behavior. Cross-sectional analyses revealed a positive, linear association between cumulative risk and problem behaviors. The association between cumulative risk and externalizing problems was stronger for White youth than for Black youth. The association between cumulative risk and internalizing problems was stronger for girls than for boys, and stronger for White youth than for Black and Hispanic youth. Cumulative risk predicted change over time in internalizing problems. Findings support the theoretical notion that adolescents experience diminished psychological comfort when risk factors are present across several social domains. [source] Race and Gender Influences on Adjustment in Early Adolescence: Investigation of an Integrative ModelCHILD DEVELOPMENT, Issue 5 2002David L. DuBois This research investigated an integrative model of race, and gender,related influences on adjustment during early adolescence using a sample of 350 Black and White youth. In the proposed model, prejudice/discrimination events, as well as race and gender daily hassles, contribute to a general stress context. The stress context, in turn, influences levels of emotional and behavioral problems in adjustment, with these associations mediated (in part) by intervening effects on self,esteem. Racial and gender identity similarly have positive effects on adjustment via their intermediary linkages with self,esteem. Structural equation modeling analyses provided support for all of these aspects of the model. Findings also revealed theoretically predicted differences in model parameters across race by gender subgroups. These include a direct effect of prejudice/discrimination events on emotional problems specific to Black youth and an effect of gender identity on self,esteem specific to girls. Black girls appeared to be most vulnerable to exhibiting significant adjustment difficulties as a result of the processes under investigation. [source] Black youths, delinquency and juvenile justice.CRIMINAL BEHAVIOUR AND MENTAL HEALTH, Issue S1 2001By Janice Joseph. No abstract is available for this article. [source] Black youth, identity, and ethicsEDUCATIONAL THEORY, Issue 1 2005Garrett Albert Duncan This article examines stage models of racial identity that researchers and educators use to explain the subjective processes that influence how black youth navigate school. Despite the explicit challenge that most models of racial identity have posed to racist discourses in the research literature, the underlying ethics of their developmental trajectories is constrained by a politics of respectability that subverts a larger project of affirming black humanity. I use interview data to propose an alternative model for how black adolescent identity is formed. I conclude with a discussion of the importance of rethinking black adolescence in the context of changes in communication technologies associated with postindustrialism and globalization. [source] Dietary and Physical Activity Behaviors of Middle School Youth: The Youth Physical Activity and Nutrition Survey,JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH, Issue 1 2008Lauren B. Zapata MSPH ABSTRACT Background:, Obesity has become a national epidemic among youth. Declining physical activity and poor nutrition contribute to this epidemic. The purpose of this study was to obtain data on middle school students' physical activity and nutrition knowledge and practices. Methods:, The Youth Physical Activity and Nutrition Survey was developed and distributed to a probability sample of Florida public middle schools (n = 73) in spring 2003, producing data from 4452 students in grades 6-8. Results:, Results showed that less than one fourth of youth met expert recommendations for daily fruit and vegetable intake and less than one fifth identified the daily fruit and vegetable serving recommendation. Less than half of students reported eating breakfast daily. More non-Hispanic black youth reported not engaging in vigorous or moderate physical activity during the previous 7 days, and more girls and Hispanic youth reported not attending any physical education classes during the average school week. Conclusion:, These findings demonstrate that dietary and physical activity behaviors and knowledge among these middle school youth are setting the stage for the obesity epidemic to continue. [source] Sexual Intentions of Black Preadolescents: Associations with Risk and Adaptive BehaviorsPERSPECTIVES ON SEXUAL AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH, Issue 1 2005Rex Forehand CONTEXT: Adolescent sexual activity in the United States is prevalent and occurring increasingly early, particularly among minority groups. Other risk behaviors (e.g., alcohol consumption) often co-occur with sexual behavior. By examining the association of risk and adaptive behaviors with precursors of sexual behavior,specifically, sexual intentions,it may be possible to identify preadolescents who are at increased risk for early sexual initiation. METHODS: Data from 1,090 black fourth and fifth graders and their parents from the Parents Matter! Program were used in logistic regression analyses to assess covariation between preadolescents' risk and adaptive behaviors, and their intentions to initiate sexual intercourse in the next year. RESULTS: Risk and adaptive behaviors, as reported by both preadolescents and parents, were associated with sexual intentions; the findings were not qualified by youth's gender. Alcohol consumption and having been in trouble with the police were the primary youth-reported risk behaviors associated with the odds of intending to have intercourse (odds ratios, 2.3 and 1.8); the preadolescent's being in trouble at home was the primary parent-reported risk behavior (2.1). In both sets of reports, performing well on schoolwork was associated with reduced odds of intending to engage in sex (0.5,0.6). CONCLUSIONS: Risk and adaptive behaviors are markers of sexual intentions among black preadolescents. Prevention programs can use these behaviors to identify black youth who may be at high risk for early sexual initiation. [source] | |||||||||||||