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Black People (black + people)
Selected AbstractsBlack Loyalists and Black Slaves in Maritime CanadaHISTORY COMPASS (ELECTRONIC), Issue 6 2007Harvey Amani Whitfield We know a great deal about the Black Loyalists who achieved freedom during the Revolutionary War, settled in Maritime Canada, and those who eventually migrated to the coast of West Africa. However, what about black people who were slaves in the American colonies and remained slaves after migrating to Maritime Canada with their masters? This article examines the historiography of the Black Loyalists in Maritime Canada and attempts to address the experience of those who remained slaves. Indeed, to have a broader understanding of transnational black migration to Canada historians must look beyond the paradigm of from slavery in America to freedom in Canada and consider the experience of those who remained slaves. [source] Prevalence of Pelvic Paget's Disease of Bone in the United StatesJOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH, Issue 3 2000R. D. Altman M.D. Abstract The objective of this article was to estimate the prevalence of Paget's disease of bone in the United States from a statistically derived sample of the general population. Pelvic radiographs obtained in the First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES-I) were reviewed for the presence of Paget's disease. Age, sex, and geographic distribution of Paget's disease of the pelvic region were determined. The overall prevalence of Paget's disease in the United States was estimated. Pelvic Paget's disease is estimated to be present in 0.71 + 0.18% of the radiographs of the general population. The disease was higher in frequency in people who were in the older decades of life with the highest prevalence of 2.32 + 0.54% in the 65- to 74-year-old people. There is a slight male predominance in the 45- to 74-year age group. The regional distribution suggests the highest prevalence in the Northeast (1.48 + 0.52%) with the lowest prevalence in the South (0.26 + 0.25%). The prevalence was equal in white people and black people. An estimate of the overall prevalence of Paget's disease in the United States was at least 1% and perhaps as much as 2% of the general population with near equal sex distribution and the highest prevalence in the northeastern United States. [source] Skin colour is associated with periodontal disease in Brazilian adults: a population-based oral health surveyJOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY, Issue 3 2007Marco Aurélio Peres Abstract Aim: To estimate the prevalence of periodontal disease in Brazilian adults and to test its association with skin colour after controlling for socio-demographic variables. Methods: The periodontal status of 11,342 Brazilian adults was informed by a nationwide oral health survey. Socio-demographic variables included skin colour, gender, schooling, per capita income, age and geographical region. The association between periodontal disease and skin colour was tested by a logistic regression model, adjusting for covariates. Interactions between skin colour and socio-demographic variables were tested. Results: The prevalence of periodontal diseases was 9.0% [95% confidence interval (CI) 7.6,10.3]. Lighter-skinned black people (pardos) and dark-skinned black people (pretos) presented higher levels of periodontal disease when compared with white people [odds ratio (OR)=1.5; 95% CI 1.2; 1.8; OR=1.6; 95% CI 1.2; 2.1, respectively] even after controlling for age, gender, schooling, per capita income and geographic region. No interactions were statistically significant. Conclusion: Skin colour was significantly associated with periodontal disease among Brazilian adults after adjustment for socio-economic and demographic covariates. [source] Disproportionate and Discriminatory: Reviewing the Evidence on Police Stop and SearchTHE MODERN LAW REVIEW, Issue 6 2007Ben Bowling Eight years after the Lawrence Inquiry, the question of police powers to stop and search people in public places remains at the forefront of debate about police community relations. Police are empowered to stop and search citizens under a wide range of legislative acts and the power is employed daily across Britain. Far from laying the debate to rest, the Lawrence Inquiry prompted new research studies and fresh theories to explain the official statistics. We argue that the statistics show that the use of the powers against black people is disproportionate and that this is an indication of unlawful racial discrimination. If stop and search powers cannot be effectively regulated , and it seems that they cannot , then their continued use is unjustified and should be curtailed. [source] Transformation Charters in Contemporary South Africa: The Case of the ABSA Group LimitedBUSINESS AND SOCIETY REVIEW, Issue 2 2008BINDU ARYA ABSTRACT Over the past decade, strategy and international business scholars have increasingly turned their attention to assessing how alterations in institutional arrangements in former centrally planned economies influence enterprise-level strategies. Little is known about the strategic responses of organizations operating in countries going through institutional transformation related to social issues. Since the first democratic elections in 1994, the South African government has focused on addressing the inequalities of the past through what is known as Black Economic Empowerment (empowerment of historically disadvantaged black people). In this paper, we investigate the approach used by the Amalgamated Banks of South Africa (ABSA) Group Limited, one of the top four banks and an important player in the South African financial services sector, in formulating and implementing strategy to ensure successful and sustainable organizational transformation. A key component of ABSA's Black Economic Empowerment strategy is incorporation of transformation as a business imperative and not merely as a compliance requirement. [source] | ||||||||||