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Black Liquor (black + liquor)
Selected AbstractsBatch and continuous studies on treatment of pulp mill wastewater by Aeromonas formicansJOURNAL OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY, Issue 6 2001K Gupta Abstract Batch and continuous studies have been conducted on the treatment of black liquor from a kraft pulp and paper mill by a bacterial strain, Aeromonas formicans. The results of batch studies revealed that the strain was able to remove 71% and 78% of COD and lignin respectively, while the colour removal efficiency was around 86% in 10 days of retention time. The analysis of lignin degradation products by gas chromatography after 20 days of incubation revealed the formation of some phenolic acids, which were responsible for the decrease in pH during batch studies. The removal efficiencies of COD, colour and lignin obtained in continuous reactor studies were 73, 88 and 77% respectively for an 8 day detention period and these efficiencies were almost the same as obtained in batch studies. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry [source] Stress corrosion cracking susceptibility of stainless steels in pulp cooking processes,online capillary electrophoresis, potentiostatic and chromatographic studiesMATERIALS AND CORROSION/WERKSTOFFE UND KORROSION, Issue 8 2008H. Leinonen Abstract An online high temperature capillary electrophoresis instrument (HotUCE), a potentiometer and an ion chromatograph were used in studies on corrosive ions and changes in potential at normal pulping process temperatures in experimental liquors modelling pulp cooking processes at mills. The aim was to evaluate the stress corrosion cracking (SCC) susceptibility of stainless steels. The HotUCE instrument and the potentiometer were online coupled with an autoclave, where welded duplex stainless steel samples were immersed for 500 h in simulated high ionic strength hot black liquor (HBL), hot white liquor (HWL) or green liquor (GL) at 130, 150 or 170,°C, respectively. The results showed that only minor amounts of oxidized sulphur compounds were formed. The concentrations of corrosive sulphur anions were calculated against sulphur standards. Amounts of sulphur species in the liquor correlated with the changes in the potential of the duplex stainless steel specimens during the cooking experiments. The formation of sulphite during cooking was greater in HWL than in HBL. Changes in the potential showed that reduction processes occurred during the SCC tests. The results indicate that the SCC risk is enhanced at higher temperatures, probably, due to the increased formation of thiosulphate. [source] Viscosity models for New Zealand black liquor at low solids concentrationsASIA-PACIFIC JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING, Issue 4 2010S.B. Alabi Abstract Availability of accurate models for prediction of the viscosity of black liquor (BL) from the chemical pulping of pine will facilitate its online monitoring and control and subsequently the optimisation of combustion in a recovery boiler. New Zealand (NZ) BL viscosity data are limited, and no predictive model is available. The viscosities of the NZ BL samples at solids concentrations (SCs) < 50% were obtained at temperature of 25,85 °C and shear rate up to ,2000 s,1. The samples showed Newtonian behaviour. Existing models from the literature and a binomial model developed in this work were used to fit the viscosity data as a function of SC and temperature. Accuracies of these models were examined for both the log-transformed and the untransformed viscosity data using coefficient of correlation (R) and maximum absolute relative error (MARE) (between the actual and predicted viscosities), respectively, as indices. Although the existing models fit NZ BL viscosity data well when they were log-transformed, they performed poorly when not transformed. Conversely, the new binomial model gave accurate predictions with both the log-transformed and untransformed viscosity data (R = 0.9997; MARE = 5.7%). It is concluded that at low SCs, the viscosity of Newtonian BL can be accurately predicted using the new binomial model. Copyright © 2010 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] | ||||||||||