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Selected AbstractsProtective effect of a marine oligopeptide preparation from Chum Salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) on radiation-induced immune suppression in miceJOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE, Issue 13 2010Ruiyue Yang Abstract BACKGROUND: A marine oligopeptide preparation (MOP) obtained from Chum Salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) by the method of enzymatic hydrolysis, has been found to enhance the innate and adaptive immunities through stimulation of the secretion of cytokines in mice. The current study aimed to further investigate the protective effect of MOP on radiation-induced immune suppression in mice. RESULTS: Female ICR mice (6,8 weeks old) were randomly divided into three groups, i.e. blank control, irradiation control and MOP (1.350 g kg,1 body weight) plus irradiation-treated group. MOP significantly increased the survival rate and prolonged the survival times for 30 days after irradiation, and lessened the radiation-induced suppression of T- or B-lymphocyte proliferation, resulting in the recovery of cell-mediated and humoral immune functions. This effect may be produced by augmentation of the relative numbers of radioresistant CD4+ T cells, enhancement of the level of immunostimulatory cytokine, IL-12, reduction of the level of total cellular NF-,B through the induction of I,B in spleen and inhibition of the apoptosis of splenocytes. CONCLUSION: We propose that MOP be used as an ideal adjuvant therapy to alleviate radiation-induced injuries in cancer patients. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry [source] Evaluation of the biocontrol potential of various Metarhizium isolates against green peach aphid Myzus persicae (Homoptera: Aphididae)PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE (FORMERLY: PESTICIDE SCIENCE), Issue 6 2010Le-Tian Shan Abstract BACKGROUND: Twenty-three isolates of Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikof) Sorokin and M. acridum (Driver & Milner) JF Bischoff, Rehner & Humber from non-aphid host insects around the globe were evaluated for their aphid biocontrol potential, which is not well known. RESULTS: The apterous adults of green peach aphid Myzus persicae (Sulzer) were exposed to the fungal sprays of 11.5, 99 and 1179 conidia mm,2 and blank control in three leaf-dish bioassays. All the tested isolates except one were proven to be infective to the aphid species at 21 ± 1 °C and 14:10 h light:dark photoperiod, causing corrected mortalities of 10.1,95.3% at the high spore concentration. The data from ten isolates causing > 50% mortality at the high concentration were found to fit a time,concentration,mortality model well, yielding parameters for the estimates of their LC50 and LT50 that vary with post-spray time and spore concentration respectively. Four isolates of M. anisopliae (ARSEF 759, 4132, 2080 and 576) had LC50 values of 44,80 conidia mm,2 on day 8 and LT50 values of 4.9,6.8 days at 100 conidia mm,2, with 91,98% of the killed aphids being well mycotised after death. CONCLUSION: The Metarhizium infectivity to M. persicae differs greatly among the tested isolates. The four mentioned isolates with desired virulence and sporulation potential are excellent candidates for microbial control of aphids. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry [source] Effect of sublingual medication of sildenafil citrate/ apomorphine on sexual behaviour of male ratsANDROLOGIA, Issue 2 2009X. Huang Summary The study investigated the combined effect of sublingually administered sildenafil (SN) and apomorphine (APO SL) on the sexual behaviour of male rats. Male Sprague,Dawley rats (50) were divided into five groups (10 rats per each group): blank control, sildenafil group and SN plus APO SL high dosage, medium dosage and low dosage group. After sublingual administration of the agents (control and SN plus APO SL) and a sole dosage of sildenafil (stomach irrigation), the rats were mated with female counterparts in pairs, and the latent period of chasing, the frequency of chasing in 60 min, the latent period of mounting and the frequency of mounting in 60 min were recorded. The lower dosage of SN plus APO SL exerted a stronger influence on the sexual activities in male rats than did the higher sole dosage of sildenafil. Identification of common neurochemical and neuroanatomical substrates of sexual responding between animals and humans suggests that the evolution of sexual behaviour has been highly conserved and indicates that animal models of human sexual response can be used successfully as pre-clinical tools. So sublingual medication of SN combined with APO SL may be at least a support inference about male sexual libido. [source] Behavioral evidence for a female-produced sex attractant in Diaphorina citriENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA, Issue 3 2008Erik J. Wenninger Abstract Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) is an important worldwide pest of citrus. It vectors three phloem-restricted bacteria in the genus Candidatus Liberibacter that cause huanglongbing (citrus greening disease). Studies were conducted to examine the behavioral responses of male and female D. citri to conspecifics of the same and opposite sex, with and without associated citrus host plants, in both open-air arena choice assays and Y-tube olfactometer assays. Virgin and mated male D. citri colonized citrus plants that were currently or had been previously colonized by virgin or mated female D. citri in greater numbers than control plants without females. However, males or females did not accumulate more on plants colonized by conspecifics of the same sex compared to uninfested plants, and females showed no preference for plants pre-infested with males compared with uninfested controls. In complementary Y-tube olfactometer assays, virgin and mated males chose arms with odor sources from mated females compared with blank controls in the absence of associated citrus host plant volatiles. In both behavioral assays, mated female D. citri appeared more attractive than virgin females. The vibrational calling behavior of male D. citri was reduced when males were challenged by the odors of conspecific mated females relative to when males were challenged by the odor of other males. Collectively, our results provide behavioral evidence for a female-produced volatile sex attractant pheromone in D. citri. Future identification and synthesis of a sex attractant pheromone will be an important contribution to current monitoring and management practices for D. citri. [source] Effect of all-trans retinoic acid on apoptosis and expression of regulatory genes (Bcl-2, Fas, ICE) in experimentally induced gastric epithelial cell dysplasia in ratsJOURNAL OF DIGESTIVE DISEASES, Issue 1 2001Cui Rutao OBJECTIVE: To study the mechanism and effect of all-trans retinoic acid on apoptosis and the expression of Bcl-2, Fas and ICE in experimentally induced dysplastic gastric epithelial cells. METHODS: Apoptosis and expression of Bcl-2, Fas and ICE in gastric epithelial cells was studied using the terminal dUTP nucleotide end-labeling (TUNEL) technique. The immunohistochemistry of Wistar rats enrolled in three groups was studied: group 1, blank controls; group 2, dysplasia induced by N -methyl- N -nitro- N -nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) and then treated with all-trans retinoic acid; and group 3, dysplasia induced by MNNG and treated with a placebo. RESULTS: In the three groups, the rates of dysplasia were 0, 26.7 and 73.3%; the apoptosis indices were 8.3 ± 3.1, 7.8 ± 2.6 and 2.2 ± 0.4; the expression of Bcl-2 was 13.3, 33.3 and 66.7%; and overexpression of Bcl-2 was 6.7, 6.7 and 33.3%, respectively. There were significant differences between group 2 and group 3 (P < 0.05), but no significant differences were found between group 2 and group 1 (P > 0.05). The expression rates of Fas were 46.7, 40 and 6.7%; the overexpression rates were 13.3, 26.7 and 13.3%, respectively; the expression rates of ICE were 20, 60 and 13.3%; the overexpression rates were 0, 13.3 and 6.7% in the three groups, respectively. The expression rates of Fas and ICE in group 2 were significantly different from that of group 3 (P < 0.05), but there were no significant differences in overexpression rates between group 2 and group 3. No significant differences were found either in expression or overexpression of Fas and ICE between group 2 and group 1. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that all-trans retinoic acid inhibits Bcl-2 expression, promotes Fas expression, enhances ICE expression and gastric mucosal epithelial cell apoptosis, and thus may reverse or inhibit the progression to cancer. [source] | |||||||||||||