|
| ||
|
|
||
Blade Lengths (blade + length)
Selected AbstractsMorphometric study of Ecklonia cava (Laminariales, Phaeophyta) sporophytes in two localities with different temperature conditionsPHYCOLOGICAL RESEARCH, Issue 3 2002Yukihiko Serisawa SUMMARY Sporophytes of Ecklonia cava Kjellman (Laminariales, Phaeophyta) were collected seasonally from within 3,4 replicate, 1-m2 quadrates, haphazardly placed in dense assemblages at 6,9 m depth in Tei, Tosa Bay (southern Japan; water temperature 15,29°C) from 1995 to 1996, and in Nabeta Bay, Shimoda (central Japan; water temperature 13,25°C) from 1996 to 1997. Growth rings were checked for all samples and mean values of each biometric parameter of sporophytes 1-year-old and over were compared. The plant length (stipe length + primary blade length) was always shorter in Tei sporophytes (24,52 cm) than Nabeta sporophytes (70,100 cm), the difference being mainly owing to the shorter stipe length in Tei sporophytes (7,14 cm) than in Nabeta sporophytes (54,83 cm). However, the primary blade length was sometimes longer in Tei sporophytes (12,38 cm) than in Nabeta sporophytes (14,21 cm). Stipe diameter, longest bladelet length and primary blade width were mostly less in Tei sporophytes (8.6,12.4 mm, 5.5,7.0 cm and 23.4,38.0 cm, respectively) than Nabeta sporophytes (16.4,20.2 mm, 9.2,12.0 cm and 43.0,52.6 cm, respectively). Nevertheless, the number of bladelets of sporophytes from Tei (15,28) and Nabeta (18,29) were within the same range. At Tei, 32,43% of the sporophytes had wrinkled blades in summer and autumn, whereas wrinkled primary blades or bladelets were not observed in Nabeta sporophytes throughout the experimental period. These morphometric differences of E. cava between the two localities are suggested to be dependent on environmental factors, especially seawater temperature. [source] Heat transfer from a plate impinging swirl jetINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESEARCH, Issue 4 2002Kadir Bilen Abstract Heat transfer and flow visualization experiments were conducted to investigate the performance of swirling and multi-channel impinging jets and compare the results with those of a multi-channel impinging jet (MCIJ) and conventional impinging jet (CIJ) for the present work at the same conditions. Swirling impinging jets (SIJs) employed the fixed blade lengths of 12.3 mm with four blades at the exit of the housing tube to divert the air flow through four narrow channels with a desired swirl angle (, of 22.5, 41 and 50°). The MCIJ jet had the same dimensions as the SIJs, except that the narrow channels in the solid insert were vertical (,=0°). The local and surface average Nusselt numbers of MCIJ were generally higher than those of the CIJ and SIJs. The SIJs, however, demonstrated significant improvement in radial uniformity of heat transfer compared to the MCIJ and CIJ. In the region of 2.7,X/D,0 for H/D=8 and Re=20 000, the average Nusselt number for the MCIJ was 11, 33, 72 and 98 per cent higher than that of the CIJ, ,=22.5, ,=41 and ,=50°, respectively. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] The initiation and development of metamorphic foliation in the Otago Schist, Part 1: competitive oriented growth of white micaJOURNAL OF METAMORPHIC GEOLOGY, Issue 6 2005A. STALLARD Abstract The 3D shape, size and orientation data for white mica grains sampled along two transects of increasing metamorphic grade in the Otago Schist, New Zealand, reveal that metamorphic foliation, as defined by mica shape-preferred orientation (SPO), developed rapidly at sub-greenschist facies conditions early in the deformation history. The onset of penetrative strain metamorphism is marked by the rapid elimination of poorly oriented large clastic mica in favour of numerous new smaller grains of contrasting composition, higher aspect ratios and a strong preferred orientation. The metamorphic mica is blade shaped with long axes defining the linear aspect of the foliation and intermediate axes a partial girdle about the lineation. Once initiated, foliation progressively intensified by an increase in the aspect ratio, size and alignment of grains, although highest grade samples within the chlorite zone record a decrease in aspect ratio and reduction in SPO strength despite continued increase in grain size. These trends are interpreted in terms of progressive competitive anisotropic growth of blade-shaped grains so that the fastest growth directions and blade lengths tend to parallel the extension direction during deformation. The competitive nature of mica growth is indicated by the progressive increase in size and resultant decrease in number of metamorphic mica with increasing grade, from c. 1000 relatively small mica grains per square millimetre of thin section at lower grades, to c. 100 relatively large grains per square millimetre in higher grade samples. Reversal of SPO intensity and grain aspect ratio trends in higher grade samples may reflect a reduction in the strain rate or reduction in the deviatoric component of the stress field. [source] Effects of light quality on the reproduction and morphology of sporophytes of Laminaria japonica (Phaeophyceae)AQUACULTURE RESEARCH, Issue 12 2007Hiroyuki Mizuta Abstract Responses of the sporophytes of Laminaria japonica to blue, red and white lights were investigated using segments, discs and whole plants. The relative growth rate with regard to the blade's length and width showed no difference among the light conditions during 2 weeks of culturing. On the contrary, the elongation rates of the stipe and the holdfast were 1.7,2.5 times higher under red light than that under white light as a control. Callus formation in the segments was also promoted more under red light conditions than under white or blue light. Blue light irradiation resulted in a 48% and 12% decrease in the relative growth rate of the stipe and the holdfast, respectively, in comparison with the control. When sporophyte discs were cultured for 10 weeks, all discs formed zoosporangial sori 2,3 weeks earlier under blue light than under white light. However, red light inhibited the formation of zoosporangia. Indoleacetic acid (IAA) oxidase activity was about two-fold higher under blue light than under red light, suggesting that the difference in response between the blue and red light conditions is related to the internal IAA level of the tissues. The developmental, reproductive and morphological effects of blue and red lights will be useful for the artificial control of the life cycle of Laminaria plants and for the development of more efficient cultivation techniques. [source] | ||||||||||