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Bite Marks (bite + mark)
Selected AbstractsBite marks as evidence of predation in early vertebratesACTA ZOOLOGICA, Issue 2009Oleg A. Lebedev Abstract Study of lifetime bite traces on agnathans and fish (or gnathostomes) from Ukraine, Estonia, Latvia and north-western and central European Russia reveals evidence of predator,prey relationships in communities of Devonian age. Numerous bite traces on skeletal parts of agnathan pteraspidiforms and psammosteiforms, placoderm arthrodires and antiarchs and sarcopterygian porolepiforms and osteolepiforms are described. Evidence of healing shows that prey organisms responded to predation by reconstruction of damaged skeletal elements. Ichthyofaunistic analysis is used to establish possible predators. The most probable predators in the Middle and Late Devonian communities are sarcopterygian porolepiforms and osteolepiforms. Predatory tetrapods become evident during the Famennian. Global analysis of aquatic predators during the Silurian,Devonian interval shows a gradual increase in species numbers with time. During the Late Silurian, only ischnacantid acanthodians, early osteichthyans and sarcopterygians are known to belong to this trophic group. By the end of the Devonian this list is complemented by chondrichthyans, arthrodires, porolepiform, osteolepiform, struniiform and rhizodontiform sarcopterygians and tetrapods. Only Devonian agnathans show no predatory groups. In sarcopterygians, predatory dentitions, which developed according to more or less the same pattern, show little change during the Devonian. [source] Genotypic comparison of bacteria recovered from human bite marks and teeth using arbitrarily primed PCRJOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY, Issue 5 2005M. Rahimi Abstract Aims:, This study assessed, for forensic purposes, the feasibility of genotypically matching oral streptococci recovered from recent human bite marks with those from the teeth of the biter. Methods and Results:, Streptococci were isolated from the incisors of eight volunteers. Arbitrarily primed PCR (AP-PCR) distinguished 106 streptococcal genotypes among the participants, each harbouring at least eight distinct strains. In a crime simulation, a sample from an experimental bite mark was analysed by an experimenter unaware of its origin. The bacteria were unambiguously matched to the biter by comparing the amplicon profiles with those from the eight participants. In contrast, bacteria from an additional bite mark (not generated by one of the original participants) could not be matched to any of the eight participants. Between 20 and 78% of catalogued bacterial genotypes were recovered 12 months later from each participant. Throughout the study period, none of the bacterial genotypes were shared between participants. Conclusions:, Streptococci isolated from recent bite marks can be catalogued by AP-PCR and matched to the teeth responsible for the bite. Significance and Impact of the Study:, The study provides ,proof of concept' that genotypic analysis of streptococci from bite marks may provide valuable forensic evidence in situations where the perpetrator's DNA cannot be recovered. [source] A tyrannosaur jaw bitten by a confamilial: scavenging or fatal agonism?LETHAIA, Issue 2 2010PHIL R. BELL Bell, P.R. & Currie, P.J. 2009: A tyrannosaur jaw bitten by a confamilial: scavenging or fatal agonism?. Lethaia, Vol. 43, pp. 278,281. A partial dentary of an adult tyrannosaur from the Dinosaur Park Formation of Alberta, Canada, preserves the embedded tooth of another tyrannosaur within the bone. The specimen's incompleteness precludes generic identification of either the jaw or the embedded tooth, although Gorgosaurus and/or Daspletosaurus are most likely given the stratigraphic position. The absence of healing around the lesion indicates the bite took place either post-mortem or within weeks prior to the death of this animal. A post-mortem bite can be explained by confamilial or cannibalistic scavenging. Alternatively, the bite would represent a perimortem instance of intrafamilial aggression that may have resulted in the death of that animal. An estimated 6053N of bite force was required to produce the bite mark. This specimen provides the best evidence for aggressive peri- or post-mortem confamilial interaction among tyrannosaurs and corroborates previous studies based on inferred tooth marks. ,Alberta, behaviour, Campanian, Cretaceous, Dinosaur Park Formation, Theropoda, Tyrannosauridae. [source] Genotypic comparison of bacteria recovered from human bite marks and teeth using arbitrarily primed PCRJOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY, Issue 5 2005M. Rahimi Abstract Aims:, This study assessed, for forensic purposes, the feasibility of genotypically matching oral streptococci recovered from recent human bite marks with those from the teeth of the biter. Methods and Results:, Streptococci were isolated from the incisors of eight volunteers. Arbitrarily primed PCR (AP-PCR) distinguished 106 streptococcal genotypes among the participants, each harbouring at least eight distinct strains. In a crime simulation, a sample from an experimental bite mark was analysed by an experimenter unaware of its origin. The bacteria were unambiguously matched to the biter by comparing the amplicon profiles with those from the eight participants. In contrast, bacteria from an additional bite mark (not generated by one of the original participants) could not be matched to any of the eight participants. Between 20 and 78% of catalogued bacterial genotypes were recovered 12 months later from each participant. Throughout the study period, none of the bacterial genotypes were shared between participants. Conclusions:, Streptococci isolated from recent bite marks can be catalogued by AP-PCR and matched to the teeth responsible for the bite. Significance and Impact of the Study:, The study provides ,proof of concept' that genotypic analysis of streptococci from bite marks may provide valuable forensic evidence in situations where the perpetrator's DNA cannot be recovered. [source] Identifying mammalian predators from bite marks: a tool for focusing wildlife protectionMAMMAL REVIEW, Issue 1 2000P. O'B. ABSTRACT Dead Sooty Shearwater, Puffinus griseus, chicks and adults were collected from seven colonies on South Island, New Zealand in the 1993,96 breeding seasons. An estimated 97% of 118 deaths were from predation. Thirty-four definite predator bite pairs were identified on 27 carcasses. Twenty-one (78%) of the carcasses had bite pairs with intercanine distances < 9.5 mm which suggests that Stoats (Mustela erminea) were the principal predators. One chick was killed by a feral House Cat (Felis catus), and it is likely that feral Ferrets (M. furo) were responsible for a proportion of the deaths. Nearly three quarters of definite Stoat bite pairs were identified in the head region. The analyses of bite marks offers cheap and statistically reliable identification of predators provided carcasses are collected fresh and flesh is removed to examine tooth punctures in bone. [source] | ||||||||||