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Biochemical Risk Factors (biochemical + risk_factor)
Selected AbstractsIntracerebral accumulation of glutaric and 3-hydroxyglutaric acids secondary to limited flux across the blood,brain barrier constitute a biochemical risk factor for neurodegeneration in glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiencyJOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY, Issue 3 2006Sven W. Sauer Abstract Glutaric acid (GA) and 3-hydroxyglutaric acids (3-OH-GA) are key metabolites in glutaryl co-enzyme A dehydrogenase (GCDH) deficiency and are both considered to be potential neurotoxins. As cerebral concentrations of GA and 3-OH-GA have not yet been studied systematically, we investigated the tissue-specific distribution of these organic acids and glutarylcarnitine in brain, liver, skeletal and heart muscle of Gcdh -deficient mice as well as in hepatic Gcdh,/, mice and in C57Bl/6 mice following intraperitoneal loading. Furthermore, we determined the flux of GA and 3-OH-GA across the blood,brain barrier (BBB) using porcine brain microvessel endothelial cells. Concentrations of GA, 3-OH-GA and glutarylcarnitine were significantly elevated in all tissues of Gcdh,/, mice. Strikingly, cerebral concentrations of GA and 3-OH-GA were unexpectedly high, reaching similar concentrations as those found in liver. In contrast, cerebral concentrations of these organic acids remained low in hepatic Gcdh,/, mice and after intraperitoneal injection of GA and 3-OH-GA. These results suggest limited flux of GA and 3-OH-GA across the BBB, which was supported in cultured porcine brain capillary endothelial cells. In conclusion, we propose that an intracerebral de novo synthesis and subsequent trapping of GA and 3-OH-GA should be considered as a biochemical risk factor for neurodegeneration in GCDH deficiency. [source] Risk factors of Egyptian male osteoporosisINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RHEUMATIC DISEASES, Issue 4 2008Salwa S. ELGENDI Abstract Background:, Osteoporosis (OP) is a growing health problem not only in women but also in men. Subjects and methods:, This study was carried out on 100 healthy men, age range 30,65 years (mean ± SD, 44.65 ± 8.3). All were randomly recruited from Assiut city during the period January 2005 to January 2006. Complete clinical history included occupational history, smoking habit, physical activity and calcium intake. Complete clinical examination and anthropometric measurments were done. Laboratory investigations for serum calcium, phosphorus and osteocalcin were performed. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by calcaneal ultrasound. Results:, Sixty-three percent of participants had normal BMD, 37% had low BMD, (26% had quantitative bone ultrasound [QUS] T-score ,1 to ,2.5 and 11% had QUS T-score , ,2.5). Smoking and low physical activity were risk factors for low BMD. Significant positive correlations were found between BMD and body mass index, serum calcium, and osteocalcin and negative correlation with phosphorus. We concluded that low BMD occurs with high frequency in Egyptian men. Smoking, physical inactivity and low body index are significant risk factors. Low serum calcium, low serum osteocalcin and high serum phosphorus are biochemical risk factors of low BMD in males. [source] Homocysteine, malondialdehyde and endothelial markers in dialysis patients during low-dose folinic acid therapyJOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE, Issue 5 2002T. Apeland Abstract. Apeland T, Mansoor MA, Seljeflot I, Brønstad I, Gøransson L, Strandjord RE (Rogaland Central Hospital, Stavanger; and Ullevål University Hospital, Oslo; Norway). Homocysteine, malondialdehyde and endothelial markers in dialysis patients during low-dose folinic acid therapy. J Intern Med 2002; 252: 456,464. Objectives. Haemodialysis patients have elevated levels of the atherogenic amino acid homocysteine. We wanted to assess the effects of small doses of intravenous folinic acid (the active form of folic acid) on some biochemical risk factors of cardiovascular disease. Design. Longitudinal and open intervention study. Setting. Two dialysis units in the County of Rogaland. Subjects. All patients on maintenance haemodialysis were invited, and 32 of 35 patients gave their informed consent. Interventions. After each dialysis session, the patients were given 1.0 mg of folinic acid intravenously thrice a week for a period of 3 months. Prior to and during the study, all patients were on maintenance supplementation with small doses of vitamins B1, B2, B3, B5, B6 and B12. Main outcome measures. Changes in the levels of (i) plasma total homocysteine (p-tHcy) and folate, (ii) circulating endothelium related proteins , markers of endothelial activation and (iii) serum malondialdehyde (S-MDA) , a marker of oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation. Results. The p-tHcy levels were reduced by 37% (P < 0.0001), whilst the serum and erythrocyte folate levels increased by 95 and 104%, respectively (P < 0.0001 for both). The circulating levels of endothelium related cellular adhesion molecules and haemostatic factors remained high and unchanged, except the thrombomodulin (TM) levels increased (P = 0.0004). The high levels of S-MDA were reduced by 26% (P = 0.003). Conclusions. Low doses of folinic acid given intravenously to dialysis patients reduced their levels of p-tHcy and S-MDA and thus improved their cardiovascular risk profile. The concurrent increment in TM levels was unexpected and of unknown clinical significance. [source] Fibrinolytic risk factor clustering and insulin resistance in healthy male relatives of men with intermittent claudication,BRITISH JOURNAL OF SURGERY (NOW INCLUDES EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SURGERY), Issue 3 2006D. J. Parry Background: Raised fibrinolytic factors predict cardiovascular risk in healthy subjects. The aim of this study was to measure fibrinolytic factors and insulin resistance in healthy male first-degree relatives of men with intermittent claudication younger than 65 years. Methods: The study compared 165 healthy first-degree relatives with 165 age-, sex- and race-matched control subjects free from a personal or family history of premature cardiovascular disease. Primary outcome measures were plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and D-dimer levels. Insulin resistance was estimated by Homeostasis Model Assessment. Clinical and biochemical risk factors were measured and subjects genotyped for the PAI-1 4G/5G polymorphism. Results: First-degree relatives had significantly higher mean PAI-1 (10·23 versus 7·85 ng/ml; P = 0·024), tPA (9·98 versus 8·29 ng/ml; P < 0·001) and D-dimer levels (56·6 versus 46·1 ng/ml; P = 0·004). They also had significantly higher insulin resistance (1·85 versus 1·53; P < 0·001) and clustered multiple atherogenic risk factors. On multivariate analysis the association between both tPA and D-dimer levels and relative status was independent of other variables. Conclusion: Raised levels of PAI-1, tPA, D-dimer and estimated insulin resistance were present in the healthy male first-degree relatives of men with intermittent claudication. These data support the hypothesis of fibrinolytic risk factor clustering in this high-risk population. Copyright © 2006 British Journal of Surgery Society Ltd. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] | ||||||||||