Bibliographic Review (bibliographic + review)

Distribution by Scientific Domains
Medical Sciences75%

Selected Abstracts

Primary small cell carcinoma of the ureter

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF UROLOGY, Issue 8 2007
Sergio Martin Martin
Abstract: We report a case of primary small cell carcinoma of the ureter. These tumors are very rare, locally aggressive and with poor prognosis. A 77-year-old man presented with left flank pain and microhematuria. Following diagnosis of ureteral carcinoma, nephroureterectomy was carried out, and adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy were given. The patient had no evidence of recurrence or metastasis, 13 months postoperatively. We provide a bibliographic review and comment on its clinical and pathologic characteristics, diagnostic methods and latest modifications in therapy. [source]

A reassessment of the distribution of the rare Genetta johnstoni (Viverridae, Carnivora) with some newly discovered specimens

MAMMAL REVIEW, Issue 2 2002
P. GAUBERT
ABSTRACT The rare Johnston's Genet (Genetta johnstoni) is one of the least known small carnivores inhabiting the West African rain forest. Some newly discovered specimens collected from the field (Guinea and Ivory Coast) and several rediscovered specimens resulting from reinvestigating collections, have permitted us to reconsider the distribution of the species. Coupled with a bibliographic review and a census of specimens kept in public collections, a reassessed distribution map is proposed, extending the previous estimated range 400 km to the West (Kolenté Plates, Guinea) and more than 600 km to the East (Tarkwa, Ghana). The majority of collected specimens have come from the inland forests of northern Liberia and south-eastern Guinea, while the surroundings of Mt. Nimba also support numbers of this species. We suggest that the supposed restriction of G. johnstoni to rain forest be re-evaluated because a specimen was collected in a region of moist woodlands and savannah (Kolenté Plateau). With regard to these new distributional data, conservation implications for the whole Upper Guinean block population are discussed. [source]

Laboratory Forum: Cavernous Nerve Injury Using Rodent Animal Models

THE JOURNAL OF SEXUAL MEDICINE, Issue 8 2008
Onder Canguven
ABSTRACT Introduction., With the advance of the "nerve sparing" technique in radical pelvic surgeries, medically unaided rates of normal erectile function following surgery have improved. Precise determinations of post-surgery erection recovery, however, continue to be problematic and rates of normal erectile function range from 9% to 86%. It is understood that injury to cavernous nerves (CNs) occurs despite modern modifications of the surgery, although the precise pathophysiologic mechanisms of surgical erectile dysfunction are not completely understood. Aim., To describe the experimental models of CN injury in small rodents, including both survival surgery (CN injury) and non-survival surgery (monitoring of intracavernosal pressure and arterial blood pressure) models. We also summarize studies on experimental procedures relating to these CN injury models and critique techniques according to their advantages and disadvantages. Main Outcome Measure., Data from a peer review literature search on the topic of CN injury in rodent models. Methods., A comprehensive review of the literature was performed using PubMed. "Cavernous nerve injury" and "animal model" were used as search terms, and a manual bibliographic review of cross-referenced items was performed. Results., Assorted molecular, morphological, and physiological changes are measurable after CN injury in rodent models. Conclusion., Various models of CN injury have been applied successfully and offer insights regarding erectile function recovery effects. Canguven O, and Burnett A. Cavernous nerve injury using rodent animal models. J Sex Med 2008;5:1776,1785. [source]

CASE REPORTS: Penile Constriction Devices: Case Report, Review of the Literature, and Recommendations for Extrication

THE JOURNAL OF SEXUAL MEDICINE, Issue 7 2008
Jonathan Silberstein
ABSTRACT Introduction., Penile constriction devices often present significant challenges to urologic surgeons. Failure to remove such devices can lead to significant ischemia and loss of tissue. Patients often present after several days of ischemia and swelling have developed. Aim., This article reviews previously published data on penile constriction devices and strategies for their removal. Additionally, we present new methodologies for extrication. Methods., A comprehensive review of the English language literature was performed using MEDLINE. "Penile incarceration" and "penile strangulation" were used as search terms, and a manual bibliographic review of cross-referenced items was performed. Publications prior to 1970 were excluded from our search. Main Outcome Measures., Review of published literature on penile constriction devices and their removal. Results., Penile incarceration is frequently described in the literature as an isolated case report or small series describing the approach of a single physician or group of physicians for dealing with these problems. Penile incarceration has been reported in a wide spectrum of age groups, with the incarcerating object most frequently placed for erotic or autoerotic purposes. While the most commonly reported devices causing incarceration are metal rings, higher-grade penile injuries are more frequently sustained by nonmetallic objects. Patients who present with incarceration after 72 hours are more likely to sustain higher-grade injuries than those who seek more timely treatment. Strategies for extrication depend on the type of device used, the length of time of incarceration, the patient's ability to remain calm, and the tools available to the presenting physicians. Conclusion., Penile incarceration is a urologic emergency with potentially severe clinical consequences. With rapid intervention and removal of the foreign body, most patients do extremely well and need no further intervention. Removal of such devices can be challenging and often requires resourcefulness and a multidisciplinary approach. Silberstein J, Grabowski J, Lakin C, and Goldstein I. Penile constriction devices: Case report, review of the literature, and recommendations for extrication. J Sex Med 2008;5:1747,1757. [source]