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Binge Eating Disorder (binge + eating_disorder)
Selected AbstractsEating disorders in females with type 1 diabetes: an update of a meta-analysisEUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW, Issue 4 2002Søren Nielsen Abstract Objective: Firstly to provide a quantitative summary of existing studies on the occurrence of eating disorders (ED) in females with type 1 diabetes (IDDM), with the focus on retinopathy and insulin misuse for the different eating disorders. Secondly to disseminate knowledge about useful statistical tools. Research Design and Methods: Data were extracted from the relevant case,control and follow-up studies. Odds ratios (OR) and risk differences (RD) were the main effect sizes analysed. Analyses were based on ,exact' methods as many studies are sparse. Data and findings are presented in sufficient detail for re-analysis. Results: An hypothesis of an increase in Anorexia Nervosa (AN) in IDDM is not supported by existing evidence. Bulimia Nervosa is increased (OR,=,2.9 (95%CI: 1.03 to 8.4); pOR,=,0.04) in IDDM. Both ED-NOS and subthreshold ED is increased (OR ,2; pOR,<,0.001) in females with IDDM. Co-existing ED in IDDM increases the overall common OR for retinopathy to 4.8 (95%CI: 3.0 to 7.8); pOR,<,0.00001, and the overall mean RD is 33% (95%CI: 25% to 42%); pRD,<,0.001. Insulin misuse (IM) is increased when ED co-exists with IDDM: OR 12.6 (95%CI: 7.8 to 21.1); pOR,<,0.00001, and mean RD is 40% (95%CI: 29% to 50%); pRD,<,0.001. Conclusions: ED-NOS and subthreshold ED seem to be the quantitatively most important EDs in type 1 diabetic females. Mismanagement of diabetes in the form of IM is frequent in eating disordered IDDM probands. Early occurrence of retinopathy and other complications is an increased risk in concurrent cases, as is premature death. The implications of Binge Eating Disorder (BED) and overweight needs to be elucidated for both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association. [source] Evaluating binge eating disorder in children: Development of the children's binge eating disorder scale (C-BEDS)INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EATING DISORDERS, Issue 1 2007Jennifer R. Shapiro PhD Abstract Objective: Binge eating disorder (BED) may manifest itself differently in children than adults. Recently researchers have proposed provisional criteria for measuring BED in children. The purpose of this study was to develop a brief, simple, structured, interviewer-administered scale (C-BEDS) to measure BED in children according to the provisional criteria and to compare diagnostic results with SCID diagnoses. Method: A total of 55 children between the ages of 5 and 13 were interviewed with both the SCID and the C-BEDS. Results: There was a significant association between the two measures (p = .001). Both measures adequately identified children with binge eating behaviors. Conclusion: Both the provisional criteria and the C-BEDS may be developmentally appropriate for use with children, although the C-BEDS may be a better screening instrument as it quickly identified children with subsyndromal BED. If used by physicians and other health providers, this brief measure may assist with identifying early onset binge eating behaviors and avoiding the associated consequences, including adult BED, obesity, and other comorbidities. © 2006 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2006 [source] Self-help treatments for disorders of recurrent binge eating: a systematic reviewACTA PSYCHIATRICA SCANDINAVICA, Issue 6 2006S. C. Stefano Objective:, To evaluate self-help interventions for patients with binge eating disorder (BED) and bulimia nervosa (BN), tested in randomized controlled trials, and compared with waiting list or any other type of control group. Methods:, A systematic review including quality appraisal was conducted of randomized controlled trials, using self-help techniques in patients with BED and/or BN. Six databases were searched during the period between January 1994 and June 2004. Results:, A total of 2686 articles were identified, 1701 abstracts were evaluated in detail and, nine studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria for this review. All studies indicated that patients treated with active interventions had a reduced number of binge eating episodes at end of treatment. Conclusion:, The results support self-help interventions but shall be interpreted with caution. Because of the small number of studies using self-help techniques for BED and BN, further larger randomized, multi-center controlled studies that apply standardized inclusion criteria, evaluation instruments and self-help materials, are needed. [source] Meta-analysis on drugs in people with eating disordersEUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW, Issue 4 2009Ana Calero-Elvira Abstract Objective The aim of this study was to examine whether drug use (DU) is higher in people with eating disorders (EDs) compared to a healthy control group and to perform a meta-analysis on the literature related to DU in people with EDs. Method We searched electronic databases (Medline, PsycINFO, Web of Science and CINAHL) and reviewed studies published from 1994 to August, 2007, in English, German or Spanish. A total of 16 papers fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were included. Results The general meta-analysis revealed a negligible albeit significant effect size (0.119, p,<,.05). Risk was found to be higher in bulimia nervosa (BN, ,,=,0.462, p,=,,<,.001), smaller in binge eating disorder (,,=,0.14, p,<,.05) and non-significant in anorexia nervosa (AN, ,,=,,.167, p,=,.070). Conclusions The differential risk observed in patients with BN might be related to differences in temperament or might be the result of reward sensitization. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association. [source] Binge eating disorder pharmacotherapy clinical trails,who is left out?EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW, Issue 2 2009Anna I. Guerdjikova Abstract Objective This report examined the characteristics of subjects interested in binge eating disorder (BED) pharmacotherapy trails who were ineligible for participation. Methods Data on 2685 potential subjects interested in participating in five different placebo-controlled monotherapy trails of BED were analysed. Results Of the 2685 potential subjects, 1230 (45.8%) were ineligible because they did not meet entry criteria, 586 (21.8%) were eligible for participation, 531 (19.8%) were not interested in the study and 338 (12.6%) were not contacted. Among the 1230 ineligible candidates, 525 (42.7%) were taking exclusionary psychotropic medication, 305 (24.8%) did not meet specified BED criteria, 157 (12.7%) were out of the required age (n,=,83) or weight (n,=,74) range, 212 (17.2%) had prohibited medical (n,=,78) or psychiatric (n,=,134) disorders and 31 (2.5%) were participating in weight loss programmes. Discussion Given the complexity of BED, future pharmacotherapy studies should examine a broader range of subjects, including subjects with subthreshold forms of BED, those with comorbid disorders and elderly subjects. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association. [source] Getting better byte by byte: a pilot randomised controlled trial of email therapy for bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder,EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW, Issue 2 2008Paul Robinson Abstract One hundred and ten people in an university population responded to emailed eating disorder questionnaires. Ninty-seven fulfilling criteria for eating disorders (bulimia nervosa (BN), binge eating disorder (BED), EDNOS) were randomised to therapist administered email bulimia therapy (eBT), unsupported Self directed writing (SDW) or Waiting list control (WLC). Measures were repeated at 3 months. Diagnosis, Beck depression inventory (BDI) and Bulimia investigatory test (BITE) scores were recorded. Follow-up rate was 63% and results must be interpreted cautiously. However significantly fewer participants who had received eBT or SDW fulfilled criteria for eating disorders at follow up compared to WLC. There was no significant difference between eBT and SDW in the analysis of variance (ANOVA), although in separate analyses, eBT was significantly superior to WLC (p,<,0.02) and the difference for SDW approached significance (p,=,0.06). BDI and BITE scores showed no significant change. For eBT participants there was a significant positive correlation between words written and improvement in BITE severity score. BN, BED and EDNOS can be treated via email. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association. [source] A course of treatment of binge eating disorder: a time series approachEUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW, Issue 2 2006Beate Wild Abstract Objective The aim of the study was an analysis of the therapeutic course of treatment of a patient with binge eating disorder (BED), who participated in the multi-modal intervention programme at the Medical University Hospital of Heidelberg. Method Throughout the course of the treatment period, the patient answered questions daily on a handheld computer about her eating behaviour as well as her psychological and physical state. Diary data was analysed with a time series analysis method. Results Multiple regression analysis revealed that both depression and distress were same-day predictors for eating behaviour. Delayed predictors were both the eating behaviour and the anxiety of the previous day, as well as the activity 2 days earlier. The model accounts for 55% of the total variance. Discussion The findings of this study expand upon the evidence of previous cross-sectional studies, suggesting that the development process of the eating behaviour during treatment is strongly associated with affective variables. The study demonstrates that changes that occur during the treatment occur simultaneously on multiple levels. The causal interpretation of the delayed predictors shows that for this patient anxiety is a trigger of binge eating episodes. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association. [source] Effect of self-monitoring on binge eating: treatment response or ,binge drift'?EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW, Issue 1 2006Tom Hildebrandt Abstract The current study aimed to determine if subjective bulimic episodes (SBEs) and objective bulimic episodes (OBEs) have different reactive effects to self-monitoring. Fourteen women with bulimia nervosa (57%) or binge eating disorder (43%) were diagnosed using the Eating Disorder Examination (EDE; version 12.0). During the 7-days post-interview, participants filled out daily self-monitoring records indicating the food consumed and any episodes of loss of control over eating. These records were reviewed and coded for OBEs and SBEs using the EDE coding scheme. Paired samples t -tests indicated that participants' average number of daily OBEs significantly decreased from baseline to the period of self-monitoring (t,=,2.41, p,<,0.05, Cohen's d,=,0.90), whereas there was a significant increase from baseline to self-monitoring in their average number of SBEs (t,=,,2.41, p,<,0.05, Cohen's d,=,0.86). Of the 12 participants who showed a decrease in OBEs, 75% showed a concurrent increase in SBEs. The data suggest that the reactivity of OBEs to minimal or brief interventions may in part be due to binge drift, or the reduction of OBEs at the expense of increasing SBEs. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association. [source] Integrated psychodynamic therapy for bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder: theory, practice and preliminary findingsEUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW, Issue 6 2005Susan Murphy Abstract While there is a substantial evidence base for the use of more recently developed therapeutic approaches, there is very little evidence that psychodynamically based treatments are effective in treating bulimia nervosa or binge-eating disorder. Clinicians have suggested that such an approach should be supplemented with behavioural foci and that it should be time-limited. This paper outlines an integrative approach to the outpatient treatment of these eating disorders, where psychodynamic principles and practice are used in tandem with behavioural strategies, and presents preliminary data on behavioural changes among patients who undertake this programme. A case series design was used, employing this approach with a selected group of 21 female patients. Data are presented on failure to complete the programme, as well as changes in body mass index and frequency of bingeing and vomiting. All of the 21 patients completed the programme, though 5 were lost to the study by the last follow-up point. Those who completed the programme had a stable body mass index, but showed clinically and statistically significant reductions in bulimic symptoms. These preliminary findings indicate that the bulimic disorders can be treated effectively using a psychodynamic approach that is integrated with behavioural techniques and that has time limits. While further research is needed to support this conclusion, it appears to be important to use a more integrative psychodynamic approach than is commonly used. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association. [source] Does ecological momentary assessment improve cognitive behavioural therapy for binge eating disorder?EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW, Issue 5 2002A pilot study Abstract The purpose of this pilot study was to test whether self-monitoring in CBT could be enhanced in order to improve the identification of proximal antecedents of binge eating in binge eating disorder (BED). CBT was modified by asking participants to monitor all eating intensively through ecological momentary assessment (EMA). A total of 41 females (mean BMI,=,37.9; SD,=,8.2) meeting DSM-IV criteria for BED were randomly assigned to one of two group treatments; CBT (n,=,22) or CBT with EMA (n,=,19). CBT with EMA differed from CBT in that for the first 2 weeks of treatment, participants completed detailed pocket diaries about mood, events, etc., when signalled at random by programmable wristwatches, as well as at all times when eating. All participants completed measures of eating (EDE-Q, TFEQ, EES) and general psychopathology (BDI, RSE) before treatment, at the end of treatment, and at 1-year follow-up. While both treatment groups showed improvement on the outcome variables of interest, the individual data gained via EMA did not significantly enhance standard CBT. Therefore, it is unlikely that further research incorporating EMA as a therapeutic technique within CBT for BED will be compelling. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association. [source] Self-reported weight gain following smoking cessation: A function of binge eating behaviorINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EATING DISORDERS, Issue 6 2010Marney A. White PhD Abstract Objective This study investigated patterns of self-reported weight gain following smoking cessation among overweight individuals with and without binge eating. Method Participants were 103 overweight (BMI , 25) community volunteers who completed a battery of questionnaires online. Key items queried smoking cessation history and weight gain in the year following cessation. Participants were classified as nonbinge eating overweight (NBO, n = 56) or binge eating disorder (BED, n = 47). Results BED participants were significantly more likely to report weight gain in the year following smoking cessation than NBO participants. After controlling for current BMI, the amount of self-reported weight gain following smoking cessation differed significantly between groups, with the NBO group reporting an average gain of 5.0 kg and the BED group reporting 11.2-kg gain. Discussion Since many individuals resume smoking due to cessation-associated weight gain, these findings highlight the need for targeted interventions for overweight individuals particularly those who also binge eat. © 2009 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2010; 43:572,575 [source] Update on course and outcome in eating disordersINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EATING DISORDERS, Issue 3 2010Pamela K. Keel PhD Abstract Objective: To review recent studies describing eating disorder course and outcome. Method: Electronic and manual searches were conducted to identify relevant articles published since 2004. Results: Twenty-six articles were identified. For anorexia nervosa (AN), most patients ascertained through outpatient settings achieved remission by 5-year follow-up. Inpatient treatment predicted poor prognosis as inpatient samples demonstrated lower remission rates. Outcome differed between bulimia nervosa (BN) and eating disorders not otherwise specified (EDNOS), including binge eating disorder (BED), for shorter follow-up durations; however, outcomes appeared similar between BN and related EDNOS by 5-year follow-up. Greater psychiatric comorbidity emerged as a significant predictor of poor prognosis in BN, whereas few prognostic indicators were identified for BED or other EDNOS. Discussion: Results support optimism for most patients with eating disorders. However, more effective treatments are needed for adult AN inpatients and approximately 30% of patients with BN and related EDNOS who remain ill 10,20 years following presentation. © 2010 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2010 [source] Meta-analysis of the effectiveness of psychological and pharmacological treatments for binge eating disorderINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EATING DISORDERS, Issue 3 2010Silja Vocks PhD Abstract Objective: The aim of this study was to compute and compare mean effects of various treatments for binge eating disorder. Method: A total of 38 studies with 1973 participants fulfilled the defined inclusion criteria. Effect sizes, odds ratios, and simple rates were integrated in fixed and random (mixed) effects categorical models. Results: From randomized controlled trials, psychotherapy and structured self-help, both based on cognitive behavioral interventions, were found to have large effects on the reduction of binge eating. Regarding pharmacotherapy, mainly comprising antidepressants, randomized controlled trials revealed medium effects for the reduction of binge eating. Uncontrolled studies on weight-loss treatments demonstrated moderate reductions of binge eating. Combination treatments did not result in higher effects compared with single-treatment regimens. Except for weight-loss treatment, none of the interventions resulted in a considerable weight reduction. Discussion: Psychotherapy and structured self-help, both based on cognitive-behavioral interventions, should be recommended as the first-line treatments. © 2009 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2010 [source] Validity and utility of the current definition of binge eatingINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EATING DISORDERS, Issue 8 2009Barbara E. Wolfe PhD, FAAN Abstract Objective Binge eating, a cardinal symptom of bulimia nervosa (BN) and binge eating disorder (BED), continues to pose challenges in terms of its definition and thus construct validity and clinical utility. This article reviews the available empirical data that support or refute the current DSM-IV-TR defined characteristics of a binge episode. Method A systematic literature review was conducted using Medline/PubMed electronic database on DSM-IV-TR defined binge characteristics and associated attributes. Results Data support the current DSM guidelines indicating that binge episodes typically occur in less than 2 h. Size of binge episodes has variability across BN and BED diagnostic groups. Loss of control (LOC) continues to be a core feature of binge eating. Negative affect is the most widely reported antecedent. Strikingly, little is known about binge episodes among individuals with anorexia nervosa-binge/purge subtype. Discussion Available empirical evidence supports the current DSM duration and LOC attributes of a binge episode in BN and BED. However, a more controversial issues is the extent to which size is important in the definition of a binge episode (e.g., subjective vs. objective episodes) across diagnostic categories and the extent to which binge size informs prognosis, treatment, and clinical outcomes. Further study of binge eating attributes in AN is needed. © 2009 American Psychiatric Association. Int J Eat Disord 2009 [source] Attitudes toward weight gain during pregnancy: Results from the Norwegian mother and child cohort study (MoBa)INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EATING DISORDERS, Issue 5 2009MSPH, Rebecca A. Swann BS Abstract Objective To explore attitudes toward weight gain during pregnancy in women with and without eating disorders and across eating disorder subtypes, and to examine associations among weight-gain attitudes and actual gestational weight gain, infant birth weight, and infant size-for-gestational-age. Method Pregnant women (35,929) enrolled in the prospective population-based Norwegian mother and child cohort study (MoBa) provided information at approximately week 18 of gestation regarding eating disorders and weight gain attitudes. We explored these variables in women with anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, eating disorder not otherwise specified, purging type, and binge eating disorder (BED). Results The presence of an eating disorderly was associated with greater worry over gestational weight gain. In women without eating disorders, greater worry was associated with higher gestational weight gain, higher infant weights, greater likelihood of a large-for-gestational-age infant, and reduced likelihood of a small-for-gestational-age infant. Women with BED who reported greater worry also experienced higher weight gains during pregnancy. Discussion Women with eating disorders tend to experience weight-gain-related worry during pregnancy. Early worry about gestational weight-gain may be a harbinger of high gestational gain. © 2008 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord, 2009 [source] Birth outcomes in women with eating disorders in the Norwegian Mother and Child cohort study (MoBa)INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EATING DISORDERS, Issue 1 2009Cynthia M. Bulik PhD Abstract Objective We explored the impact of eating disorders on birth outcomes in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study. Method Of 35,929 pregnant women, 35 reported broad anorexia nervosa (AN), 304 bulimia nervosa (BN), 1,812 binge eating disorder (BED), and 36 EDNOS-purging type (EDNOS-P) in the six months before or during pregnancy. The referent comprised 33,742 women with no eating disorder. Results Pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) was lower in AN and higher in BED than the referent. AN, BN, and BED mothers reported greater gestational weight gain, and smoking was elevated in all eating disorder groups. BED mothers had higher birth weight babies, lower risk of small for gestational age, and higher risk of large for gestational age and cesarean section than the referent. Pre-pregnancy BMI and gestational weight gain attenuated the effects. Conclusion BED influences birth outcomes either directly or via higher maternal weight and gestational weight gain. The absence of differences in AN and EDNOS-P may reflect small numbers and lesser severity in population samples. Adequate gestational weight gain in AN may mitigate against adverse birth outcomes. Detecting eating disorders in pregnancy could identify modifiable factors (e.g., high gestational weight gain, binge eating, and smoking) that influence birth outcomes. © 2008 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2009 [source] Baclofen for binge eating: An open-label trialINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EATING DISORDERS, Issue 8 2007Allegra I. Broft MD Abstract Objective: Baclofen is a GABA-B agonist that may be useful in the treatment of substance use disorders, and also reduces ,binge-like' eating in rodents. We hypothesized that baclofen might be effective in reducing binge eating episodes in binge eating disorder (BED) and bulimia nervosa (BN). Method: Seven women with BED (n = 4) or BN (n = 3) took baclofen (60 mg/day) for 10 weeks. Results: Six out of seven patients completed the full 10-week trial. Five out of seven participants (3 BED; 2 BN) demonstrated 50% or greater reduction of frequency of binge eating from beginning to end of the study. Three out of seven participants (2 BED; 1 BN) were free of binge eating at study end. Four out of seven participants elected to continue baclofen at study end. Baclofen was well tolerated by the participants. Conclusion: In this open-label trial, baclofen was associated with decreased binge eating frequency in patients with BED and BN. © 2007 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2007 [source] Prevalence and utility of DSM-IV eating disorder diagnostic criteria among youth,INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EATING DISORDERS, Issue 5 2007Diann M. Ackard PhD Abstract Objective: To examine the prevalence and utility of DSM-IV eating disorder (ED) criteria and anorexia (AN), bulimia (BN), and binge eating disorder (BED) among adolescents. Method: An ethnically diverse population-based sample of 4,746 public middle and high school students completed anthropometric measures and Project EAT survey items. Results: Many youth endorsed body shape perception disturbance (41.5% female; 24.9% male), undue influence of body shape/weight on self-esteem (36.4% female; 23.9% male), and compensatory behavior (9.4% female; 13.5% male). Prevalence among females and males, respectively, was: AN = 0.04%, 0%; BN = 0.3%, 0.2%; BED = 1.9%, 0.3%. Analyses of individual criteria showed high sensitivity and negative predictive values for each disorder and corresponding criteria, low specificity for several AN (27.8%) and BN (32.0%) criteria, and low positive predictive values (0.06,40.2%). Conclusion: Body disparagement and compensatory behaviors indicate eating disturbance, despite low prevalence of EDs. Diagnostic classification may be clinically useful, but is complicated for use in epidemiological populations. © 2007 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2007. [source] Childhood abuse and eating disorders in gay and bisexual menINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EATING DISORDERS, Issue 5 2007Matthew B. Feldman PhD Abstract Objective: This study examines the association between eating disorders and a history of childhood abuse in gay and bisexual men, and how substance abuse and depression might impact this relationship. Method: 193 white, black, Latino gay, and bisexual men were sampled from community venues. DSM-IV diagnoses of anorexia, bulimia, and binge eating disorder were assessed using the World Health Organization's Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Results: Men with a history of childhood sexual abuse are significantly more likely to have subclinical bulimia or any current full-syndrome or subclinical eating disorder compared with men who do not have a history of childhood sexual abuse. A history of depression and/or substance use disorders did not mediate this relationship. Conclusion: Researchers should study other potential explanations of the relationship between a history of childhood abuse and eating disorders in gay and bisexual men. Clinicians working with gay and bisexual men who have a history of childhood abuse should assess for disordered eating as a potential mechanism to cope with the emotional sequelae associated with abuse. © 2007 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2007. [source] Outcomes of eating disorders: A systematic review of the literature,INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EATING DISORDERS, Issue 4 2007Nancy D. Berkman PhD Abstract Objective: The RTI International-University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Evidence-based Practice Center systematically reviewed evidence on factors associated with outcomes among individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), and binge eating disorder (BED) and whether outcomes differed by sociodemographic characteristics. Method: We searched electronic databases including MEDLINE and reviewed studies published from 1980 to September, 2005, in all languages against a priori inclusion/exclusion criteria and focused on eating, psychiatric or psychological, or biomarker outcomes. Results: At followup, individuals with AN were more likely than comparisons to be depressed, have Asperger's syndrome and autism spectrum disorders, and suffer from anxiety disorders including obsessive-compulsive disorders. Mortality risk was significantly higher than what would be expected in the population and the risk of suicide was particularly pronounced. The only consistent factor across studies relating to worse BN outcomes was depression. A substantial proportion of individuals continue to suffer from eating disorders over time but BN was not associated with increased mortality risk. Data were insufficient to draw conclusions concerning factors associated with BED outcomes. Across disorders, little to no data were available to compare results based on sociodemographic characteristics. Conclusion: The strength of the bodies of literature was moderate for factors associated with AN and BN outcomes and weak for BED. © 2007 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2007 [source] Placebo response in binge eating disorderINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EATING DISORDERS, Issue 3 2007M. Joy Jacobs-Pilipski PhD Abstract Objective: Placebo response in studies of binge eating disorder (BED) has raised concern about its diagnostic stability. The aims of this study were (1) to compare placebo responders (PRs) with nonresponders (NRs); (2) to investigate the course of BED following placebo response; and (3) to examine attributions regarding placebo response. Method: The baseline placebo run-in phase (BL) was part of a RCT investigating sibutramine hydrochloride for BED; it included 451 participants, ages 19,63, diagnosed with BED. Follow-up (FU) included 33 PRs. Results: In this study, 32.6% of participants responded to placebo (PRs = 147; NRs = 304). PRs exhibited significantly less symptom severity. At FU (n = 33), many PRs reported continued symptoms. Conclusion: PRs exhibited significantly less severe pathology than NRs. Placebo response in BED may transitory or incomplete. The results of this study suggest variable stability in the BED diagnosis. © 2006 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2007 [source] Prevalence and correlates of eating disorders in Latinos in the United StatesINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EATING DISORDERS, Issue S3 2007Margarita Alegria PhD Abstract Objective: To present national estimates and correlates of lifetime and 12-month DSM-IV eating disorders for Latinos. Method: Data come from the National Latino and Asian American Study (NLAAS), a national epidemiological household survey of Latinos in the United States. Results: Latinos have elevated rates of any binge eating and binge eating disorder but low prevalence of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. The US born and those living a greater percentage of their lifetime in the US evidenced higher risk for certain eating disorders while severe obesity and low levels of education were significant correlates. Rates of treatment utilization were exceedingly low. Conclusion: Standard eating disorder criteria may not be appropriate for understanding psychological morbidity of eating disorders for Latinos, particularly less acculturated Latinos, due to cultural differences in the presentation of eating disorder symptoms. Criteria for disturbed eating patterns that are more reflective of the illness experience of Latinos should be developed. © 2007 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [source] Long-term stability of eating disorder diagnosesINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EATING DISORDERS, Issue S3 2007Manfred M. Fichter MD Abstract Objective: Data on the stability of eating disorder (ED) diagnoses (DSM-IV) over 12 years are presented for a large sample (N = 311) of female eating disordered patients with anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), and binge eating disorder (BED). Method: Assessments were made at the beginning of therapy and 2-, 6-, and 12-year follow-ups. Diagnoses were derived from the Structured Inventory for Anorexic and Bulimic Eating Disorders. Possible diagnostic outcome categories were AN, BN, BED, NOS, no ED, and deceased. Results: At all follow-ups, more patients changed from AN or BED to BN than vice versa. No diagnostic crossover from AN to BED or vice versa occurred. BED showed the greatest variability and AN had the greatest stability over time. While the long-term outcome of BN and BED is similar, AN had a considerably worse long-term outcome than either BN or BED. Conclusion: Of the ED diagnoses, AN was most stable and BED most variable. The considerable diagnostic flux between BN and BED and similarities in course and outcome of BN and BED point to common biological and psychological maintaining processes. AN and BED are nosologically quite distant. © 2007 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2007 [source] A randomized comparison of cognitive behavioral therapy and behavioral weight loss treatment for overweight individuals with binge eating disorderINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EATING DISORDERS, Issue 2 2007Simone Munsch PhD Abstract Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and behavioral weight loss treatment (BWLT) for overweight patients with binge eating disorder (BED). Method: Eighty obese patients meeting criteria of BED according to DSM-IV-TR were randomly assigned to either CBT or BWLT consisting of 16 weekly treatments and 6 monthly follow-up sessions. Binge eating, general psychopathology, and body mass index (BMI) were assessed before, during, and after treatment, and at 12-month follow-up. Results: At posttreatment results favored CBT as the more effective treatment. Analysis of the course of treatments pointed to a faster improvement of binge eating in CBT based on the number of self-reported weekly binges, but faster reduction of BMI in BWLT. At 12-month follow-up, no substantial differences between the two treatment conditions existed. Conclusion: CBT was somewhat more efficacious than BWLT in treating binge eating but this superior effect was barely maintained in the long term. Further research into cost effectiveness is needed to assess which treatment should be considered the treatment of choice. © 2006 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2006 [source] Evaluating binge eating disorder in children: Development of the children's binge eating disorder scale (C-BEDS)INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EATING DISORDERS, Issue 1 2007Jennifer R. Shapiro PhD Abstract Objective: Binge eating disorder (BED) may manifest itself differently in children than adults. Recently researchers have proposed provisional criteria for measuring BED in children. The purpose of this study was to develop a brief, simple, structured, interviewer-administered scale (C-BEDS) to measure BED in children according to the provisional criteria and to compare diagnostic results with SCID diagnoses. Method: A total of 55 children between the ages of 5 and 13 were interviewed with both the SCID and the C-BEDS. Results: There was a significant association between the two measures (p = .001). Both measures adequately identified children with binge eating behaviors. Conclusion: Both the provisional criteria and the C-BEDS may be developmentally appropriate for use with children, although the C-BEDS may be a better screening instrument as it quickly identified children with subsyndromal BED. If used by physicians and other health providers, this brief measure may assist with identifying early onset binge eating behaviors and avoiding the associated consequences, including adult BED, obesity, and other comorbidities. © 2006 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2006 [source] Twelve-year course and outcome predictors of anorexia nervosaINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EATING DISORDERS, Issue 2 2006Dipl-Psych, Manfred M. Fichter MD Abstract Objective The current study presents the long-term course of anorexia nervosa (AN) over 12 years in a large sample of 103 patients diagnosed according to criteria in the 4th ed. of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Method Assessments were made at the beginning of therapy, at the end of therapy, at the 2-year follow-up, at the 6-year follow-up, and at the 12-year follow-up. Self-rating and an expert-rating interview data were obtained. Results The participation rate at the 12-year follow-up was 88% of those alive. There was substantial improvement during therapy, a moderate (in many instances nonsignificant) decline during the first 2 years posttreatment, and further improvement from 3 to 12 years posttreatment. Based on a global 12-year outcome score, 27.5% had a good outcome, 25.3% an intermediate outcome, 39.6% had a poor outcome, and 7 (7.7%) were deceased. At the 12-year follow-up 19.0% had AN, 9.5% had bulimia nervosa-purging type (BN-P), 19.0% were classified as eating disorder not otherwise specified (EDNOS). A total of 52.4% showed no major DSM-IV eating disorder and 0% had binge eating disorder (BED). Systematic,strictly empirically based,model building resulted in a parsimonious model including four predictors of unfavorable 12-year outcome explaining 45% of the variance, that is, sexual problems, impulsivity, long duration of inpatient treatment, and long duration of an eating disorder. Conclusion Mortality was high and symptomatic recovery protracted. Impulsivity, symptom severity, and chronicity were the important factors for predicting the 12-year outcome. © 2005 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [source] Risk factors and patterns of onset in binge eating disorderINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EATING DISORDERS, Issue 2 2006Jamie L. Manwaring MA Abstract Objective The current study examined risk factors in women with binge eating disorder (BED) who began binging before dieting (binge-first [BF]) compared with women with BED who began dieting before binging (diet-first [DF]). It further aimed to replicate findings regarding eating disorder and general psychopathology among BF versus DF subtypes. Method One hundred fifty-five women with BED completed the Oxford Risk Factor Interview to retrospectively assess risk factors occurring before eating disturbance onset. Clinical interview assessed eating disorder and general psychopathology. Results Overall, no significant differences in risk factors emerged between the groups. The BF group had a significantly earlier onset of BED than the DF group. In contradistinction to previous studies, the DF group endorsed more eating disorder psychopathology and lifetime diagnosis of any substance use disorder. Conclusion Limited support was seen for different risk factors in BF versus DF women, suggesting similar etiologic pathways in both subtypes. © 2005 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [source] Health services use in women with a history of bulimia nervosa or binge eating disorderINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EATING DISORDERS, Issue 1 2005Ruth H. Striegel-Moore PhD Abstract Objective The current study examined health services use during the past 12 months in a sample of young women with a history of an adolescent eating disorder (bulimia nervosa [BN] or binge eating disorder [BED]). Method A community sample of 1,582 young women (mean age = 21.5 years) was classified, based on a screening interview (and, for eating disorder diagnosis, confirmatory diagnostic interview), into one of three groups: BN or BED (n = 67), other psychiatric disorder (n = 443), and no adolescent psychiatric disorder (n = 1,072). Results A history of BN/BED in adolescence was associated with elevated health services use, but this was a general effect associated with having a psychiatric disorder, not an effect specific to the diagnosis of an eating disorder. Total service days, outpatient psychotherapy visits, and emergency department visits were elevated in the combined group of BN/BED and other psychiatric disorder participants relative to the healthy comparison group. The women with BN/BED did not differ significantly from the women with a non,eating-related psychiatric disorder in the use of these services. Discussion The similarity of health services use in young women with BN or BED and those with other psychiatric disorders underscores the clinical and economic impact of these eating disorders. © 2004 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [source] What is this thing called BED?INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EATING DISORDERS, Issue S1 2003Current status of binge eating disorder nosology Abstract Objective Although binge eating has been recognized as a clinically relevant behavior among the obese for more than four decades, the concept of binge eating disorder (BED) as a distinct psychiatric diagnosis is of much more recent origin. This article presents four ways of conceptualizing BED: a distinct disorder in its own right, as a variant of bulimia nervosa, as a useful behavioral subtype of obesity, and as a behavior that reflects psychopathology among the obese. It also summarizes the evidence supporting and disconfirming each model. Method The literature subsequent to the development of DSM-IV regarding the reliability and validity of BED and related conditions was reviewed selectively. Results The preponderance of the evidence suggests that BED differs importantly from purging bulimia nervosa and that BED is not a strikingly useful behavioral subtype of obesity. Discussion Further study is needed to definitively determine the validity of BED as a distinct eating disorder. © 2003 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 34: S2,S18, 2003. [source] Epidemiology of binge eating disorderINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EATING DISORDERS, Issue S1 2003Ruth H. Striegel-Moore Abstract Objective First described over 50 years ago, binge eating disorder (BED) only recently has become the focus of epidemiologic studies. This article provides a comprehensive review of these studies. Method Relevant studies were examined and summarized in the form of a narrative review. Results Similar to the early studies of bulimia nervosa (BN), the first generation of epidemiologic studies of BED is limited in scope or methodology. They focus on prevalence rates and provide only basic demographic characteristics and often use less than optimal sampling or assessment methods. Discussion Results suggest that the demographic profile of BED may be more diverse than that of BN. Future studies should evaluate complex etiologic models in representative samples that include men and a broader range of ethnic minority groups. © 2003 by Wiley Perodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 34: S19,S29, 2003. [source] | ||||||||||