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Big Toe (big + toe)
Selected AbstractsEctopic dermal ridge configurations on the interdigital webbings and postaxial marginal portion of the hindlimb in Hammertoe mutant mice (Hm),JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY, Issue 10 2008Sumiko Kimura Abstract The effects of the hereditary malformation of Hammertoe mutant mice (gene symbol Hm) on the digital pads and dermal ridge configurations on their hindlimbs were examined. In the wild-type (+/+) mice with normally separated digits, dermal ridges developed only on the pads. Heterozygous (Hm/+) and homozygous (Hm/Hm) mutant mice, however, had a broad big toe, fused interdigital soft tissues, reduced claws, an extra rudimentary postaxial digit and camptodactyly. The dermal ridges appeared not only on the pads, affected in their number and configurations, but also on the ventral surface of the interdigital webbings and postaxial marginal area exhibiting an extra rudimentary digit and webbing. These aberrant configurations may be related to the abnormal occurrence of programmed cell death (PCD) in the interdigital zones and the postaxial marginal portion in Hm/+ and Hm/Hm mice. That is, the diminished cell death may fail to decrease the cell density in the interdigital zones and postaxial marginal portion and result in the webbing and an extra rudimentary digit and webbing, respectively. Simultaneously, it could also interrupt the migration of surviving cells of these areas toward the neighboring digits and the distal area of the sole and produce the ectopic dermal ridges on the way to the as yet unformed (presumptive) digital and plantar volar pads. The present findings suggest that normal interdigital and pre/postaxial PCD contributes not only to the separation of digits, the initial formation of individual digits of different sizes, and the inhibition of the extra digit but also to the development of the presumptive digital and plantar pads, including dermal ridges. J. Morphol., 2008. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] A simple and practical method in treatment of ingrown nails: splinting by flexible tubeJOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY & VENEREOLOGY, Issue 10 2006S Nazari Abstract Background, The ingrown nail (or onychocryptosis) is a common problem that occurs mostly in the big toe and causes high amounts of morbidity in affected patients. Many therapeutic methods have been described, most of them leading to severe damage to the nail or to frequent relapses. The nail splinting technique is a successful, simple and non-invasive therapeutic method for treating ingrown nails. Objective, To determine efficacy of the plastic tube insertion technique in patients with ingrown toenail and its use as a standard treatment. Materials and Methods, We encountered 32 cases (age range 9,67 years) of ingrown toenails in this clinical trial. All of the patients were treated using the plastic nail tube insertion technique for 7 to 15 days. Patients were examined daily for the first 3 days of treatment and were evaluated 3 and 6 months after treatment. All patients were followed up by a single observer. Results, Recurrence was seen in only two patients after 6 months of treatment (6.25%). Conclusion, The low recurrence rate using the nail splinting technique in the treatment of ingrown toenail, as well as its simple application, shows that this treatment constitutes an effective, non-invasive method. It appears that this technique can substitute other more invasive surgical methods, particularly in the early stages of this disease. [source] Hay,Wells syndrome (AEC): a case reportORAL DISEASES, Issue 5 2006Emilio Macias We would like to present a case of the rare genetic skin disorder catalogued as AEC syndrome. This rare disorder was described in 1976 by Hay and Wells in seven individuals from four families, and it entails a complex polymalformative syndrome with an autosomal-dominant inheritance pattern and variable penetration. Descriptive explanation and facial and intraoral images of this rare disorder constituted the study design. The neonatal report outlines dysplastic phenotype, micrognathia, hypoplasia of the hard and soft palate, cleft palate, small nose, mammary hypoplasia with ectopic mammary nodules, hypoplastic external genitalia with clitoral hypertrophy, hypoplasia of the nails, a tendency towards dorsiflexion of the big toe on both feet, ankyloblepharon filiforme, low positioning of the auricles and faulty development of the left auricle, scaly exanthema with eritrodermatitis and hyperkeratosis, good lung ventilation, normal heart rhythm and normal neurological examination. Although only a few cases published are available, clinical variability is one of the hallmarks of AEC syndrome. The majority of authors consider ankyloblepharon, ectodermal dysplasia and orofacial clefting as cardinal signs. They are all are present in the case reported. [source] Long term efficacy of minimal incision osteotomy for hallux abducto valgusORTHOPAEDIC SURGERY, Issue 3 2010Wei-dong Sun MD Objective:, To observe and evaluate the long-term results of minimal incision osteotomy for hallux abducto valgus. Methods:, From February 1995 to May 1999, 372 cases (705 feet) with hallux abducto valgus were treated with minimal incision osteotomy. Seventy-nine patients (150 feet) were followed up for more than five years (mean 7.5; range, 5.3,13.2 years) after surgery. The preoperative and postoperative hallux abducto valgus angles (HVA), intermetatarsal angles (IMA), tibial sesamoid position (TSP), American Orthopaedic Foot And Ankle Society (AOFAS) score, range of movement of the first metatarsophalangeal joint and lateral metatarsalgia were observed, measured and evaluated. Results:, Based on clinic curative effect evaluation criterion, 56 feet (37.3%) were excellent, 88 feet (58.7%) good, 6 feet (4.0%) fair. The postoperative mean AOFAS score was 84.20 ± 4.32 points. The mean HVA decreased from 33.28o to 12.31o and the mean IMA1-2 from 11.75o to 6.80o. The TSP was corrected from an average preoperative grade of 4.29 to a grade of 3.07 by final follow-up. There was no nonunion or delayed union, no avascular necrosis, no infection, and no hallux varus. Numbness in the big toe was found in 4 feet (2.7%). The range of motion of the first metatarsophalangeal joint decreased from 70.20o to 69.53o. Of 97 feet (64.7%) with pre-operative 2,5 metatarsalgia, this had disappeared in 35 feet, improved in 54 feet and was aggravated in 8 feet postoperatively. Conclusion:, Minimal incision osteotomy is a simple and reliable technique for treating hallux abducto valgus with minimal complications. [source] Low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma arising in the big toePATHOLOGY INTERNATIONAL, Issue 7 2007Daniela Cabibi No abstract is available for this article. [source] HS07 TOE TRANSFER , TECHNIQUES & RESULTSANZ JOURNAL OF SURGERY, Issue 2007L. C. Teoh Toe to thumb-finger transfer requires the understanding of microsurgery and reconstructive technique. The success is measured by the viability of the toe and eventually recreating the function of the original loss. In harvesting of the toe, the big and second toe follows almost the same technique. Identifying the toe artery over the first web space and then dissecting proximally into the intermetatarsal artery is the best approach. To dissect the artery from proximal to distal is often fraught with many dangers. In my cases about 50% the plantar artery is dominant. Anticipation and planning of the artery length is crucial. In toe to thumb transfer the choice can be 2nd toe, total big toe, trimmed big toe or wrap around transfer. In our local populations, 2nd toe is always a good choice. First reconstruction with flap resurfacing may be necessary if the thumb amputation is very proximal. Toe to fingers transfer is usually indicated in 4 finger loss of the hand. In toe to finger transfer I prefer the two 2nd toes transfer into the middle and ring finger position. As the transferred toes can regain less that 50% of motion, the positioning of the toes should be opposable to the thumb. The concept of total reconstruction should be closely followed. Stable skeletal fixation, tendon weave technique, good nerve repair, adequate skin coverage and primary healing are important to ensure good outcome result. [source] Pachydermoperiostosis and psoriatic onychopathy: an unusual associationJOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY & VENEREOLOGY, Issue 1 2003P Fietta ABSTRACT A 33-year-old man, suffering from cutaneous psoriasis since the age of 16, in the last 6 years experienced slow and painless enlargement at his fingertips and later at his big toes, which resulted in digital clubbing. Since the age of 31, the patient also presented psoriatic nail changes involving all his fingernails, without joint pain or inflammation. The patient's family history was negative for psoriasis, however, his brother, a 29-year-old healthy man, also presented digital clubbing. The diagnosis of pachydermoperiostosis coexistent with ungual and cutaneous manifestations of psoriasis vulgaris was made. The differential diagnosis with psoriatic onycho-pachydermo-periostitis, as well as other clinical conditions that involve the distal interphalangeal joints is discussed. [source] Hindlimb adaptations in Ourayia and Chipetaia, relatively large-bodied omomyine primates from the Middle Eocene of UtahAMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY, Issue 3 2006Rachel H. Dunn Abstract North American omomyids represent a tremendous Eocene radiation of primates exhibiting a wide range of body sizes and dietary patterns. Despite this adaptive diversity, relatively little is known of the postcranial specializations of the group. Here we describe hindlimb and foot bones of Ourayia uintensis and Chipetaia lamporea that were recovered from the Uinta B member (early Uintan Land Mammal Age), Uinta Formation, Utah. These specimens provide insights into the evolution of postcranial adaptations across different body sizes and dietary guilds within the Eocene primate radiation. Body mass estimates based on talar measurements indicate that Ourayia uintensis and Chipetaia lamporea weighed about 1,500,2,000 g and 500,700 g, respectively. Skeletal elements recovered for Ourayia include the talus, navicular, entocuneiform, first metatarsal, and proximal tibia; bones of Chipetaia include the talus, navicular, entocuneiform, and proximal femur. Both genera had opposable grasping big toes, as indicated by the saddle-shaped joint between the entocuneiform and first metatarsal. Both taxa were arboreal leapers, as indicated by a consistent assemblage of characters in all represented bones, most notably the somewhat elongated naviculars, the high and distinct trochlear crests of the talus, the posteriorly oriented tibial plateau (Ourayia), and the cylindrical head of the femur (Chipetaia). The closest resemblances to Ourayia and Chipetaia are found among the Bridger omomyines, Omomys and Hemiacodon. The results of our comparisons suggest that the later, larger, more herbivorous omomyines from Utah retained a skeletal structure characteristic of earlier, smaller North American omomyids. 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