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Year Analysis (year + analysis)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Medical Sciences	75%

Selected Abstracts

UV and global solar radiation in ,ód,, Central Poland

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY, Issue 1 2010
Agnieszka Podstawczy
Abstract With the overall aim of quantifying urban atmospheric effects on different parts of the solar spectrum, a multi year analysis of data collected at ,ód, was undertaken. UV (290,400 nm) and global solar radiation measured by means of a Kipp and Zonen CUV3 radiometer and a Kipp and Zonen CM11 pyranometer in the center of ,ód, between 1997 and 2001 are analysed. The mean annual sum of global and UV solar radiation equaled 3710.8 MJ m,2 and 154.1 MJ m,2, respectively. The minimum monthly total of solar energy occurred in December (48.7 M Jm,2,global; 2.1 MJ m,2,UV); however, the maximum monthly total occurred atypically in May (620.9 MJ m,2,global; 25.3 MJ m,2,UV). UV clearness index (Kuv) is approximately half of the clearness index of the global solar radiation, indicating greater attenuation of that part of the spectrum (Kuv 0.14 in December to 0.26 in May). A linear regression model was fitted to the daily values of UV and global (g) solar irradiation (Duv = a + Dgb). The slope coefficient b and the coefficient of determination equal 0.039 and 0.98, respectively. Cloudiness exerts an important control on the solar radiation flux at the ground level and for the relation between UV and global solar radiation. The convective clouds caused an increase of global and UV solar irradiance by about 10,20% compared to clear days, the enhancement resulting from reflections. On clear days, UV comprises 3.3,4% of global solar irradiance (10-min values) on average, while during cloudy weather it increases to 8%. The results presented have implications for understanding the radiative transfer of UV and global solar radiation in the atmosphere over an urban area and the influence of clouds on transmission of solar radiation flux. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society [source]

Steroid avoidance using sirolimus and cyclosporine in pediatric renal transplantation: One year analysis

PEDIATRIC TRANSPLANTATION, Issue 1 2010
Franca M. Iorember
Iorember FM, Patel HP, Ohana A, Hayes JR, Mahan JD, Baker PB, Rajab A. Steroid avoidance using sirolimus and cyclosporine in pediatric renal transplantation: One year analysis. Pediatr Transplantation 2010: 14: 93,99. © 2009 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Abstract:, Steroids are commonly used in pediatric renal transplantation, but have numerous adverse effects. This retrospective study compares one-yr outcomes in 22 pediatric renal transplant recipients receiving SRL and CSA as primary immunosuppression (steroid-avoidance group) to age- and gender-matched historical controls receiving CSA, MMF, and prednisone (steroid group). At one yr, both groups had similar graft survival, acute rejection, and estimated GFR. Subjects in the steroid-avoidance group had better linear growth, less excessive weight gain and were less likely to have an increase in antihypertensive medication use. Subjects in the steroid-avoidance group were more likely to be started on lipid lowering medications and erythropoiesis stimulating agents. Despite having a greater proportion of living donors, the steroid-avoidance group had a similar GFR compared to the steroid group at one month. The steroid-avoidance group was also more likely to have a biopsy for elevated Cr that was not because of rejection and had more interstitial fibrosis noted. We conclude that using a steroid-avoidance immunosuppression regimen of SRL and CSA results in comparable rejection rates and short-term graft function with less steroid-associated morbidity. However, early findings also suggest possible potentiation of CSA nephrotoxicity by SRL in some children. [source]

Antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli in urine samples from children and adults: a 12 year analysis

ACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 4 2004
K Abelson Storby
Aim: To investigate the distribution and antimicrobial resistance in urinary tract pathogens, primarily Escherichia coli, in two age groups, children 2 y and adults 18-50 y, over a period of 12 y. Methods: From the database of the microbiological laboratory all urinary tract culture data were extracted and structured according to date, patient age, bacteriological findings, antimicrobial susceptibility results and sample type. Statistical longitudinal analysis of bacteriological findings and antimicrobial resistance trends in the two age groups were performed. Results: Statistical significance was obtained for the following results. Escherichia coli was the most common pathogen in both age groups and irrespective of sample type. In E. coli resistance to ampicillin and trimethoprim was higher in children than in adults and increased over time in both age groups. Resistance to fluoroquinolones was higher in adults than in children and increased over time in both groups. Resistance to pivmecillinam, cefadroxil and nitrofurantoin was below 2% in 2001 in both age groups. Conclusion: The steadily increasing and now high E. coli resistance levels in children to ampicillin and trimethoprim render empirical therapy with these drugs doubtful. The stable and low levels of resistance to pivmecillinam, cefadroxil and nitrofurantoin (>2% in 2001) make these drugs reasonable alternatives in uncomplicated lower urinary tract infections. [source]