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Wolves
Terms modified by Wolves Selected AbstractsSubjectivity in a Second Language: Conveying the Expression of Self by WOLF, ALAN J. E.MODERN LANGUAGE JOURNAL, Issue 2 2008CELESTE KINGINGER No abstract is available for this article. [source] QSAR Modeling of a Set of Pyrazinoate Esters as Antituberculosis ProdrugsARCHIV DER PHARMAZIE, Issue 2 2010João P. S. Fernandes Abstract Tuberculosis is an infection caused mainly by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. A first-line antimycobacterial drug is pyrazinamide (PZA), which acts partially as a prodrug activated by a pyrazinamidase releasing the active agent, pyrazinoic acid (POA). As pyrazinoic acid presents some difficulty to cross the mycobacterial cell wall, and also the pyrazinamide-resistant strains do not express the pyrazinamidase, a set of pyrazinoic acid esters have been evaluated as antimycobacterial agents. In this work, a QSAR approach was applied to a set of forty-three pyrazinoates against M. tuberculosis ATCC 27294, using genetic algorithm function and partial least squares regression (WOLF 5.5 program). The independent variables selected were the Balaban index (J), calculated n -octanol/water partition coefficient (ClogP), van-der-Waals surface area, dipole moment, and stretching-energy contribution. The final QSAR model (N = 32, r2 = 0.68, q2 = 0.59, LOF = 0.25, and LSE = 0.19) was fully validated employing leave- N -out cross-validation and y -scrambling techniques. The test set (N = 11) presented an external prediction power of 73%. In conclusion, the QSAR model generated can be used as a valuable tool to optimize the activity of future pyrazinoic acid esters in the designing of new antituberculosis agents. [source] Re-Energizing Product Development: InnovationSpace at Arizona State UniversityDESIGN MANAGEMENT REVIEW, Issue 2 2005Paul Rothstein The competitive reality is that design management demands collaboration. At Arizona State University, InnovationSpace unites expertise in design, engineering, and business to create prototypes of products that satisfy consumers, benefit society, can be manufactured, and create value for investors and corporations. Here, Paul Rothstein and Peter Wolf profile the process and diversity-sensitive results of this approach. [source] Wilkhahn: A tradition of the cutting edgeDESIGN MANAGEMENT REVIEW, Issue 2 2002Brigitte Wolf Under the personal leadership of Fritz Hahne, Wilkhahn has created a niche for itself and earned a global reputation for designing high-quality, classically modern furniture that is both elegant and functional. In a rich overview of this German firm, Brigitte Wolf explores the business objectives, the work ethic, the design principles, the social and environmental values and, of course, the products and architecture that are the hallmark of this remarkable company. [source] Ultrastructural study of spermiogenesis in the Jamaican Gray Anole, Anolis lineatopus (Reptilia: Polychrotidae)ACTA ZOOLOGICA, Issue 4 2010Justin L. Rheubert Rheubert, J.L., Wilson, B.S., Wolf, K.W. and Gribbins, K.M. 2010. Ultrastructural study of spermiogenesis in the Jamaican Gray Anole, Anolis lineatopus (Reptilia: Polychrotidae). ,Acta Zoologica (Stockholm) 91: 484,494. Abstract As the number of spermatozoal characters being described in reptiles increases, it is important to detail the ontogeny of the features leading to the mature morphology of the spermatozoa which may give rise to more comprehensive data matrices for future phylogenetic analyses within the Reptilia. Therefore, spermiogenically active testes from Anolis lineatopus were investigated ultrastructurally to describe the intracellular changes that occur throughout spermiogenesis. The primary events of spermiogenesis (acrosome formation, nuclear condensation, and elongation) seen in A. lineatopus are similar to those previously described for other amniotes. Characters including a round perforatorium tip, stopper-like perforatorial base plate, open pits of nucleoplasm during condensation, and protein layers within the acrosome complex corroborate trends from previous studies in squamates. However, uniquely defined in A. lineatopus are the excessive amounts of endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complexes that contribute to cellular secretions during mid elongation of the spermatids and the lack of a manchette. During acrosome formation, the acrosome granule is found in a basal rather than an apical position, which has been observed in previous studies. These similarities and differences observed during spermiogenesis may be helpful in elucidating the development of mature spermatozoal characters as well as aid in future phylogenetic analyses. [source] Effect of soil interaction on the performance of liquid column dampers for seismic applicationsEARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING AND STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS, Issue 11 2005Aparna Ghosh Abstract The effects of soil,structure interaction (SSI) while designing the liquid column damper (LCD) for seismic vibration control of structures have been presented in this study. The formulation for the input,output relation of a flexible-base structure with attached LCD has been presented. The superstructure has been modelled by a single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) system. The non-linearity in the orifice damping of the LCD has been replaced by equivalent linear viscous damping by using equivalent linearization technique. The force,deformation relationships and damping characteristics of the foundation have been described by complex valued impedance functions. Through a numerical stochastic study in the frequency domain, the various aspects of SSI on the functioning of the LCD have been illustrated. A simpler approach for studying the LCD performance considering SSI, using an equivalent SDOF model for the soil,structure system available in literature by Wolf (Dynamic Soil,Structure Interaction. International Series in Civil Engineering and Engineering Mechanics. Prentice-Hall: Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1985) has also been presented. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Homeostatic plasticity in a reward processing region: accumbens neurons scale too! (Commentary on Sun & Wolf)EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE, Issue 4 2009Jean-Claude Béïque No abstract is available for this article. [source] Interflavin electron transfer in human cytochrome P450 reductase is enhanced by coenzyme bindingFEBS JOURNAL, Issue 12 2003Relaxation kinetic studies with coenzyme analogues The role of coenzyme binding in regulating interflavin electron transfer in human cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR) has been studied using temperature-jump spectroscopy. Previous studies [Gutierrez, A., Paine, M., Wolf, C.R., Scrutton, N.S., & Roberts, G.C.K. Biochemistry (2002) 41, 4626,4637] have shown that the observed rate, 1/,, of interflavin electron transfer (FADsq , FMNsq,FADox , FMNhq) in CPR reduced at the two-electron level with NADPH is 55 ± 2 s,1, whereas with dithionite-reduced enzyme the observed rate is 11 ± 0.5 s,1, suggesting that NADPH (or NADP+) binding has an important role in controlling the rate of internal electron transfer. In relaxation experiments performed with CPR reduced at the two-electron level with NADH, the observed rate of internal electron transfer (1/, = 18 ± 0.7 s,1) is intermediate in value between those seen with dithionite-reduced and NADPH-reduced enzyme, indicating that the presence of the 2,-phosphate is important for enhancing internal electron transfer. To investigate this further, temperature jump experiments were performed with dithionite-reduced enzyme in the presence of 2,,5,-ADP and 2,-AMP. These two ligands increase the observed rate of interflavin electron transfer in two-electron reduced CPR from 1/, = 11 s,1 to 35 ± 0.2 s,1 and 32 ± 0.6 s,1, respectively. Reduction of CPR at the two-electron level by NADPH, NADH or dithionite generates the same spectral species, consistent with an electron distribution that is equivalent regardless of reductant at the initiation of the temperature jump. Spectroelectrochemical experiments establish that the redox potentials of the flavins of CPR are unchanged on binding 2,,5,-ADP, supporting the view that enhanced rates of interdomain electron transfer have their origin in a conformational change produced by binding NADPH or its fragments. Addition of 2,,5,-ADP either to the isolated FAD-domain or to full-length CPR (in their oxidized and reduced forms) leads to perturbation of the optical spectra of both the flavins, consistent with a conformational change that alters the environment of these redox cofactors. The binding of 2,,5,-ADP eliminates the unusual dependence of the observed flavin reduction rate on NADPH concentration (i.e. enhanced at low coenzyme concentration) observed in stopped-flow studies. The data are discussed in the context of previous kinetic studies and of the crystallographic structure of rat CPR. [source] A Wolf in Sheep's Clothing?FINANCIAL ACCOUNTABILITY & MANAGEMENT, Issue 3 2005Wider Consequences of the Financial Management System of the New Zealand Central Government First page of article [source] Christa Wolf's Kassandra and Medea: Continuity and ChangeGERMAN LIFE AND LETTERS, Issue 1 2004Helen Bridge When Christa Wolf's Medea: Stimmen appeared in 1996, some critics accused the work of being little more than a pale repetition of the earlier Kassandra project. This paper argues that, while broad continuities in Wolf's concerns are obvious, the shift from monologue in Kassandra to a polyphony of voices in Medea is symptomatic of subtle, yet important shifts in her approach to myth and her understanding of history. Although Wolf's archaeological understanding of myth and the problems this raises remain unchanged, the focus has shifted from the effects myth has on the individual to the human needs which give rise to it. The more psychological exploration of myth in Medea reveals interesting shifts in Wolf's understanding of the individual's role in history. In Kassandra, just as we assume that individuals exercise sovereign control over the myths they circulate, so we have the impression that history results from human agency in accordance with the will of those in power. In Medea, Wolf seems more doubtful about the ability of individuals to control events, even those they have caused. The idea of a coherent historical development, albeit a negative one, which is central to the Kassandra project, is absent from the later work. [source] August 1961: Christa Wolf and the Politics of DisavowalGERMAN LIFE AND LETTERS, Issue 1 2002Charity Scribner Throughout her career Christa Wolf has circumvented any explicit reference to the Berlin Wall. Although Der geteilte Himmel reaches its climax in the summer of 1961, the Wall does not figure in this novel. None the less it provides a framework for the narrative through its absence. Wolf's latest novel, Medea, also organises itself around the tropes of walls and borders. Today, forty years after Berlin's division, one could easily dismiss Wolf's writing because of her ,blind spot'vis-á-vis the Wall. But to do so would forfeit Wolf's subtle handling of literary representation, prohibition, and disavowal. This essay argues that Wolf's elaborations of disavowal play a critical (but as yet unexamined) role in the continuing debate over the politics of memory that has come to define German studies. Freudian theories of repression and fetishism are engaged to discern the structures of disavowal that give form not only to Der geteilte Himmel and Medea, but also to Wolf's most important writings on ethics, ,Selbstanzeige' and ,Nagelprobe'. The essay concludes that authentic memory does not reconstitute a homogeneous image of the past. Rather, as Wolf demonstrates, it reawakens the antagonisms that forever thwart the resolution of and in any narrative. [source] An efficient time-domain damping solvent extraction algorithm and its application to arch dam,foundation interaction analysisINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING, Issue 9 2008Hong Zhong Abstract The dynamic structure,unbounded foundation interaction plays an important role in the seismic response of structures. The damping solvent extraction (DSE) method put forward by Wolf and Song has a great advantage of simplicity, with no singular integrals to be evaluated, no fundamental solution required and convolution integrals avoided. However, implementation of DSE in the time domain to large-scale engineering problems is associated with enormous difficulties in evaluating interaction forces on the structure,unbounded foundation interface, because the displacement on the corresponding interface is an unknown vector to be found. Three sets of interrelated large algebraic equations have to be solved simultaneously. To overcome these difficulties, an efficient algorithm is presented, such that the solution procedure can be greatly simplified and computational effort considerably saved. To verify its accuracy, two examples with analytical solutions were investigated, each with a parameter analysis on the domain size and amount of artificial damping. Then with the parameters suggested in the parameter study, the complex frequency,response functions and earthquake time history analysis of Morrow Point dam were presented to demonstrate the applicability and efficiency of DSE approach. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Phenological data series of cherry tree flowering in Kyoto, Japan, and its application to reconstruction of springtime temperatures since the 9th centuryINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY, Issue 7 2008Yasuyuki Aono Abstract Changes in springtime temperature in Kyoto, Japan, since the 9th century were reconstructed, using the phenological data series for cherry tree (Prunus jamasakura), deduced from old diaries and chronicles. Phenological data for 732 years was made available by combining data from previous studies. The full-flowering date of cherry trees fluctuates in accordance with temperature conditions during February and March. Full-flowering dates were closely related to the March mean temperature by means of a temperature accumulation index, in which plant growth is considered to be an exponential function of temperature. Calibration enabled accurate estimation of temperatures in the instrumental period, after 1880; the root mean square error (RMSE) of temperature estimates was determined to be within 0.1 °C, after smoothing by local linear regression over time spans of 31 years. The results suggested the existence of four cold periods, 1330,1350, 1520,1550, 1670,1700, and 1825,1830, during which periods the estimated March mean temperature was 4,5 °C, about 3,4 °C lower than the present normal temperature. These cold periods coincided with the less extreme periods, known as the Wolf, Spoerer, Maunder, and Dalton minima, in the long-term solar variation cycle, which has a periodicity of 150,250 years. The sunspot cycle length, a short-term solar variation cycle, was also compared with the temperature estimates, with the result that a time lag of about 15 years was detected in the climatic temperature response to short-term solar variation. Copyright © 2007 Royal Meteorological Society [source] Cover Picture: Closing the Gap Between Self-Assembly and Microsystems Using Self-Assembly, Transfer, and Integration of Particles (Adv. Mater.ADVANCED MATERIALS, Issue 20 200520/2005) Abstract The cover shows 100 ,,m diameter glass spheres covered by a grid of hexagonally packed polystyrene beads. Wolf and co-workers placed the 500,nm diameter polystyrene beads onto the larger spheres using the self-assembly, transfer, and integration (SATI) process that they report on p.,2438. The cover illustrates the capability of SATI to process uneven surfaces in addition to the planar substrates discussed in the article. The carrier that holds the smaller beads deforms during their transfer onto the larger spheres, so that on the larger spheres patterned "caps" are formed. Using this process, which is compatible with standard microfabrication techniques, a variety of particle assemblies can be achieved. [source] Uncoupled and surviving: individual mice with high metabolism have greater mitochondrial uncoupling and live longerAGING CELL, Issue 3 2004John R. Speakman Summary Two theories of how energy metabolism should be associated with longevity, both mediated via free-radical production, make completely contrary predictions. The ,rate of living-free-radical theory' (Pearl, 1928; Harman, 1956; Sohal, 2002) suggests a negative association, the ,uncoupling to survive' hypothesis (Brand, 2000) suggests the correlation should be positive. Existing empirical data on this issue is contradictory and extremely confused (Rubner, 1908; Yan & Sohal, 2000; Ragland & Sohal, 1975; Daan et al., 1996; Wolf & Schmid-Hempel, 1989]. We sought associations between longevity and individual variations in energy metabolism in a cohort of outbred mice. We found a positive association between metabolic intensity (kJ daily food assimilation expressed as g/body mass) and lifespan, but no relationships of lifespan to body mass, fat mass or lean body mass. Mice in the upper quartile of metabolic intensities had greater resting oxygen consumption by 17% and lived 36% longer than mice in the lowest intensity quartile. Mitochondria isolated from the skeletal muscle of mice in the upper quartile had higher proton conductance than mitochondria from mice from the lowest quartile. The higher conductance was caused by higher levels of endogenous activators of proton leak through the adenine nucleotide translocase and uncoupling protein-3. Individuals with high metabolism were therefore more uncoupled, had greater resting and total daily energy expenditures and survived longest , supporting the ,uncoupling to survive' hypothesis. [source] Book review: B. Wolf, G. H. Snyder: Sustainable Soils , The Place of Organic Matter in Sustaining Soils and their Productivity.JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION AND SOIL SCIENCE, Issue 3 2005U. Franko [source] Archival note: An inquiry into the relationshp between Alfred Binet and Cyril BurtJOURNAL OF THE HISTORY OF THE BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES, Issue 3 2003Diana Faber Ph.D. honorary research fellowship Two recent archival items offer material for analysis of Alfred Binet's (1857,1911) and Cyril Burt's (1883,1971) relationship in the early twentieth century. Burt's letter to Binet's biographer Theta Wolf was an answer to her request for information about his contact with Binet. An analysis of Burt's account prompts more questions than it answers. His statements in the letter are compared with previous ones and are put into the context of the activities of the two men, but these do not enlighten us about his actual relations with Binet. The problem arises because of Burt's desciptive vagueness and lack of supporting evidence. Despite attacks against Burt's integrity made from 1976 onward, we found no conclusive evidence of false claims. The negative outcome of this analysis probably results from Burt's faulty memory, and herein lies the caveat that personal memories make unreliable material for historical accounts. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [source] GEMINI 3D spectroscopy of BAL + IR + Fe ii QSOs , I. Decoupling the BAL, QSO, starburst, NLR, supergiant bubbles and galactic wind in Mrk 231MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY, Issue 4 2009S. Lipari ABSTRACT In this paper we present the first results of a study of BAL QSOs (at low and high redshift), based on very deep Gemini GMOS integral field spectroscopy. In particular, the results obtained for the nearest BAL IR,QSO Mrk 231 are presented. For the nuclear region of Mrk 231, the QSO and host galaxy components were modelled, using a new technique of decoupling 3D spectra. From this study, the following main results were found: (i) in the pure host galaxy spectrum an extreme nuclear starburst component was clearly observed, as a very strong increase in the flux, at the blue wavelengths; (ii) the BAL system I is observed in the spectrum of the host galaxy; (iii) in the clean/pure QSO emission spectrum, only broad lines were detected. 3D GMOS individual spectra (specially in the near-infrared Ca ii triplet) and maps confirm the presence of an extreme and young nuclear starburst (8 < age < 15 Myr), which was detected in a ring or toroid with a radius r= 0.3 arcsec , 200 pc, around the core of the nucleus. The extreme continuum blue component was detected only to the south of the core of the nucleus. This area is coincident with the region where we previously suggested that the galactic wind is cleaning the nuclear dust. Very deep 3D spectra and maps clearly show that the BAL systems I and II , in the strong ,absorption lines' Na iD,5889,95 and Ca ii K,3933 , are extended (reaching ,1.4,1.6 arcsec , 1.2,1.3 kpc, from the nucleus) and clearly elongated at the position angle (PA) close to the radio jet PA, which suggest that the BAL systems I and II are ,both' associated with the radio jet. The physical properties of the four expanding nuclear bubbles were analysed, using the GMOS 3D spectra and maps. In particular, we found strong multiple LINER/OF emission-line systems and Wolf,Rayet features in the main knots of the more external super bubble S1 (r= 3.0 kpc). The kinematics of these knots , and the internal bubbles , suggest that they are associated with an area of rupture of the shell S1 (at the south-west). In addition, in the more internal superbubble S4 and close to the core of the nucleus (for r < 0.7 arcsec , 0.6 kpc), two similar narrow emission-line systems were detected, with strong [S ii] and [O i] emission and ,V,,200 km s,1. These results suggest that an important part of the nuclear NLR is generated by the OF process and the associated low-velocity ionizing shocks. Finally, the nature of the composite BAL systems and very extended OF process , of 50 kpc , in Mrk 231 (and similar QSOs) are discussed. In addition, the ,composite hyperwind scenario' (already proposed for BALs) is suggested for the origin of giant Ly, blobs. The importance of study the end phases of Mrk 231, and similar evolving elliptical galaxies and QSOs (i.e. galaxy remnants) is discussed. [source] Massive stars exploding in a He-rich circumstellar medium , I. Type Ibn (SN 2006jc-like) eventsMONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY, Issue 1 2008A. Pastorello ABSTRACT We present new spectroscopic and photometric data of the Type Ibn supernovae 2006jc, 2000er and 2002ao. We discuss the general properties of this recently proposed supernova family, which also includes SN 1999cq. The early-time monitoring of SN 2000er traces the evolution of this class of objects during the first few days after the shock breakout. An overall similarity in the photometric and spectroscopic evolution is found among the members of this group, which would be unexpected if the energy in these core-collapse events was dominated by the interaction between supernova ejecta and circumstellar medium. Type Ibn supernovae appear to be rather normal Type Ib/c supernova explosions which occur within a He-rich circumstellar environment. SNe Ibn are therefore likely produced by the explosion of Wolf,Rayet progenitors still embedded in the He-rich material lost by the star in recent mass-loss episodes, which resemble known luminous blue variable eruptions. The evolved Wolf,Rayet star could either result from the evolution of a very massive star or be the more evolved member of a massive binary system. We also suggest that there are a number of arguments in favour of a Type Ibn classification for the historical SN 1885A (S-Andromedae), previously considered as an anomalous Type Ia event with some resemblance to SN 1991bg. [source] Massive stars exploding in a He-rich circumstellar medium , II.MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY, Issue 1 2008The transitional case of SN 2005la ABSTRACT We present photometric and spectroscopic data of the peculiar SN 2005la, an object which shows an optical light curve with some luminosity fluctuations and spectra with comparably strong narrow hydrogen and helium lines, probably of circumstellar nature. The increasing full width at half-maximum velocity of these lines is indicative of an acceleration of the circumstellar material. SN 2005la exhibits hybrid properties, sharing some similarities with both Type IIn supernovae and 2006jc-like (Type Ibn) events. We propose that the progenitor of SN 2005la was a very young Wolf,Rayet (WN-type) star which experienced mass ejection episodes shortly before core collapse. [source] WR 143: a Wolf,Rayet binaryMONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY, Issue 1 2006Watson P. Varricatt ABSTRACT Near-infrared spectroscopy and photometry of the Wolf,Rayet star WR 143 (HD 195177) were obtained in the JHK photometric bands. High-resolution spectra observed in the J and H bands exhibit a narrow 1.083-,m He i line and the H i Pa, and Brackett series lines in emission superposed on the broad emission-line spectrum of the Wolf,Rayet star, giving strong indications of the presence of a companion. From the narrow emission lines observed, the companion is identified to be an early-type Be star. The photometric magnitudes exhibit variations in the JHK bands, which are probably due to the variability of the companion star. The flux density distribution is too steep for a Wolf,Rayet atmosphere. This is identified to be mainly due to the increasing contribution from the early-type companion star towards shorter wavelengths. [source] Spectroscopic study of the long-period dust-producing WC7pd+O9 binary HD 192641MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY, Issue 1 2005L. Lefèvre ABSTRACT We present the results of an optical spectroscopic study of the massive Wolf,Rayet (WR) binary HD 192641 = WR 137. These 1986,2000 data cover the dust-formation maximum in 1997. Combining all available measurements of radial velocities, we derive, for the first time, a spectroscopic orbit with period 4766 ± 66 d (13.05 ± 0.18 yr). The resulting masses, adopting i= 67 °, are MO= 20 ± 2 M, for the O component and MWR= 4.4 ± 1.5 M, for the WR component. These appear, respectively, approximately normal and on the low side for the given spectral types. Analysis of the intense multisite spectroscopic monitoring in 1999 shows that the C iii,5696 and C iv,,5802/12 lines have the highest intrinsic variability levels. The periodogram analysis yields a small-amplitude modulation in the absorption troughs of the C iv,,5802/12 and He i,5876 lines with a period of 0.83 d, which could be related either to pulsations or large-scale rotating structures as seen in the WN4 star EZ Canis Majoris (WR 6). Wavelet analysis of the strong emission lines of C iii,5696 and C iv,,5802/12 enabled us to isolate and follow for several hours small structures (emission subpeaks) associated with density enhancements within the wind of the Wolf,Rayet star. Cross-correlating the variability patterns seen in different lines, we find a weak but significant correlation between the variability in emission lines with different ionization potentials, i.e. in lines formed at different distances from the WR stellar core. Adopting a , wind-velocity law, from the motion of individual subpeaks we find ,, 5, which is significantly larger than the canonical value ,, 1 found in O star winds. [source] The effect of the 19F(,, p)22Ne reaction rate uncertainty on the yield of fluorine from Wolf,Rayet starsMONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY, Issue 1 2005Richard J. Stancliffe ABSTRACT In the light of recent recalculations of the 19F(,, p)22Ne reaction rate, we present results of the expected yield of 19F from Wolf,Rayet (WR) stars. In addition to using the recommended rate, we have computed models using the upper and lower limits for the rate, and hence we constrain the uncertainty in the yield with respect to this reaction. We find a yield of 3.1 × 10,4 M, of 19F with our recommended rate, and a difference of a factor of 2 between the yields computed with the upper and lower limits. In comparison with previous work we find a difference in the yield of a factor of approximately 4, connected with a different choice of mass loss. Model uncertainties must be carefully evaluated in order to obtain a reliable estimate of the yield, together with its uncertainties, of fluorine from WR stars. [source] Winds from massive stars: implications for the afterglows of , -ray burstsMONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY, Issue 3 2001Enrico Ramirez-Ruiz Recent observations suggest that long-duration , -ray bursts (GRBs) and their afterglows are produced by highly relativistic jets emitted in core-collapse explosions. The pre-explosive ambient medium provides a natural test for the most likely progenitors of GRBs. Those stars that shed their envelopes most readily have short jet crossing times and are more likely to produce a GRB. We construct a simple computational scheme to explore the expected contribution of the presupernova ejecta of single Wolf,Rayet (WR) stars to the circumstellar environment. Using detailed stellar tracks for the evolution of massive stars, we discuss the effects that the initial main-sequence mass, metallicity, rotation and membership in a binary system have on the ambient medium. We extend the theory of GRB afterglows in winds to consider the effect of the relativistic fireball propagating through the WR ejecta. Specific predictions are made for the interaction of the relativistic blast wave with the density bumps that arise when the progenitor star rapidly loses a large fraction of its initial mass or when the ejected wind interacts with the external medium and decelerates. A re-brightening of the afterglow with a spectrum redder than the typical synchrotron spectrum (as seen in GRB 970508, GRB 980326 and GRB 000911) is predicted. We also calculate the luminosity of the reflected echo that arises when circumstellar material Compton-scatters the prompt radiation, and examine the spectral signatures expected from the interaction of the GRB afterglow with the ejected medium. [source] ,The Heaviest Weight': Circularity and Repetition in a Song by Hugo WolfMUSIC ANALYSIS, Issue 3 2006Matthew Baileyshea ABSTRACT The songs of Hugo Wolf continue to intrigue music theorists, not least because of their characteristic fusion of traditional tonal conventions with sophisticated chromatic processes. This article analyses a particularly intricate example: ,Mühvoll komm ich und beladen' from the Spanisches Liederbuch. The song projects a complex pattern of tonal relationships that reinforces an obsessive sense of repetition and circularity , issues that are explicit in the song's poetic text. The present reading engages a number of external sources, including the philosophy of Nietzsche, the operatic figure of Kundry and the myth of Sisyphus. These elements provide a series of cultural co-ordinates that together serve to illuminate primary facets of the song's structure, including its formal design and distinctive harmonic syntax. Each of these topics is considered in the service of a larger, overriding purpose: to reveal the ways in which the composer seeks to characterise sin and spiritual torment using techniques of cyclic organisation. [source] Where Public and Private Intersect: The Intermingling of Spheres in Christa Wolf's Ein Tag im JahrORBIS LITERARUM, Issue 4 2005Carol Anne Costabile-Heming In Ein Tag im Jahr 1960,2000 (2003), Christa Wolf offers readers another example of her pursuit of ,subjective Authentizität.' Wolf's compilation of diary-like texts records routine daily activities, including notes about her dreams, references to newspaper headlines and global events, and conversations with friends, family, and important political functionaries. Interwoven with the mundane are detailed descriptions of the writing process as well as constant reassessments of prior fictional texts and essays. Through the juxtaposition of objective and subjective moments and the recording of routine external details coupled with extensive introspection, Wolf intermingles her private domain with the public sphere of GDR culture. This essay addresses the way that this text ruptures the traditional genre boundaries of diary and autobiography, expands pre-conceived notions of the public sphere and substantively contributes to a redrawing of Wolf's public image. The autobiographical nature of this work enables an investigation of the intersection of Wolf's private life with the public sphere of GDR culture, adding a new dimension to prior understandings of her literary texts within an autobiographical context, making apparent how indivisible the public and private are for understanding Wolf and her works. [source] What is Sidgwick's Dualism of Practical Reason?PACIFIC PHILOSOPHICAL QUARTERLY, Issue 3 2000Owen McLeod Sidgwick's ,Dualism of Practical Reason' has attracted the attention of many interpreters, and the Dualism itself seems to be an historically important version of the view, recently defended by Thomas Nagel, Susan Wolf, and others, that there exists a fundamental fragmentation of value , that the ,cosmos of duty is reduced to chaos,' in Sidgwick's words. In this paper, I consider and reject the leading interpretations of Sidgwick's Dualism, and propose an alternative reading. I conclude by offering what I hope is a plausible but Sidgwickian way out of the Dualism. [source] Diagnostic yield by supplementing prenatal metaphase karyotyping with MLPA for microdeletion syndromes and subtelomere imbalancesPRENATAL DIAGNOSIS, Issue 10 2010S. Kjaergaard Abstract Objective The aim of the study was to retrospectively assess the relevance of using multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) for detection of selected microdeletion syndromes (22q11, Prader,Willi/Angelman, Miller,Dieker, Smith,Magenis, 1p-, Williams), the reciprocal microduplication syndromes and imbalance at the subtelomere regions of chromosomes in a routine prenatal setting. Method A total of 530 prenatal samples were analysed by commercial MLPA kits (SALSA P064, P036 and P069) in addition to rapid aneuploidy testing and G-band karyotyping. Results Among the prenatal samples with a normal metaphase karyotype, nine submicroscopic imbalances were detected: seven 22q11 deletions (Velocardiofacial/DiGeorge syndrome), one 15q11deletion (Prader,Willi syndrome) and one terminal deletion of the short arm of chromosome 4 (Wolf,Hirschhorn syndrome). All imbalances were found in amniocentesis (AC) taken due to fetal structural malformation and/or other ultrasound scan (US) detected abnormality. The diagnostic yield was 4.1% in the subgroup with structural malformation and 1.6% in the subgroup with other US abnormality. Conclusion The data set substantiates that additional MLPA analyses for selected microdeletions and subtelomere imbalances are valuable in routine prenatal diagnostics, when a malformation(s) and/or other abnormalities are detected by US. In contrast, the additional MLPA analyses gave no diagnostic yield in case of increased nuchal translucency (NT). Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] A short history of the initial discovery of the Wolf,Hirschhorn syndrome,AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS, Issue 4 2008Kurt Hirschhorn Abstract Deletion of the short arm of chromosome 4 (4p-) was first described in 1961 [Hirschhorn and Cooper, 1961], and the second case of 4p- was published in 1965 [Hirschhorn et al., 1965]. This short history describes the original case and the sequence of events leading to the publications. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Update on the clinical features and natural history of Wolf,Hirschhorn (4p-) syndrome: Experience with 87 patients and recommendations for routine health supervision,AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS, Issue 4 2008Agatino Battaglia Abstract Wolf,Hirschhorn syndrome (WHS) is a well-known multiple congenital anomalies/mental retardation syndrome, firstly described in 1961 by Cooper and Hirschhorn. Its frequency is estimated as 1/50,000,1/20,000 births, with a female predilection of 2:1. The disorder is caused by partial loss of material from the distal portion of the short arm of chromosome 4 (4p16.3), and is considered a contiguous gene syndrome. No single gene deletions or intragenic mutations have been shown to confer the full WHS phenotype. Since the disorder was brought to the attention of geneticists, many additional cases have been published. Only in 1999, however, were the first data on the natural history brought to the attention of the medical community. The purpose of the present study is to help delineate in more detail and over a longer period of time, the natural history of WHS, in order to establish appropriate health supervision and anticipatory guidance for individuals with this disorder. We have collected information on 87 patients diagnosed with WHS (54 females and 33 males) both in USA and Italy. Age at first observation ranged between newborn and 17 years. Twenty patients have been followed from 4 months to 23 years. The deletion proximal breakpoint varied from 4p15.32 to 4p16.3, and, by FISH, was terminal and included both WHSCR. Deletion was detected by standard cytogenetics in 44/87 (50.5%) patients, whereas FISH was necessary in the other 43 (49.5%). Array-CGH analysis at 1 Mb resolution was performed in 34/87 patients, and, in 15/34 (44%), showed an unbalanced translocation leading to both a 4p monosomy and a partial trisomy for another chromosome arm. Six more patients had been previously shown to have an unbalanced translocation by karyotype analysis or FISH with a WHS-specific probe. Sixty-five of 87 patients had an apparent pure, de novo, terminal deletion; and 1/87 a tandem duplication of 4p16.1p16.3 associated with 4p16.3pter deletion. Age at diagnosis varied between 7 months gestation and 16 years. Ninety-three percent had a seizure disorder with a good outcome; 80% had prenatal onset growth deficiency followed by short stature and slow weight gain; 60% had skeletal anomalies; 50% had heart lesions; 50% had abnormal tooth development; and 40% had hearing loss. Distinctive EEG findings were seen in 90%. Structural CNS anomalies were detected in 80%. Global developmental delay of varying degrees was present in all patients. Almost 50% was able to walk either alone or with support. Hypotonia was present in virtually all patients. A global improvement was observed in all individuals, over time. Our survey has also shown how the characteristic facial phenotype tends to be less pronounced in those patients with a smaller deletion, and microcephaly is not observed in the patients with certain cryptic unbalanced translocations. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||