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Window
Kinds of Window Terms modified by Window Selected AbstractsPETROLEUM POTENTIAL, THERMAL MATURITY AND THE OIL WINDOW OF OIL SHALES AND COALS IN CENOZOIC RIFT BASINS, CENTRAL AND NORTHERN THAILANDJOURNAL OF PETROLEUM GEOLOGY, Issue 4 2006H. I. Petersen Oil shales and coals occur in Cenozoic rift basins in central and northern Thailand. Thermally immature outcrops of these rocks may constitute analogues for source rocks which have generated oil in several of these rift basins. A total of 56 oil shale and coal samples were collected from eight different basins and analysed in detail in this study. The samples were analysed for their content of total organic carbon (TOC) and elemental composition. Source rock quality was determined by Rock-Eval pyrolysis. Reflected light microscopy was used to analyse the organic matter (maceral) composition of the rocks, and the thermal maturity was determined by vitrinite reflectance (VR) measurements. In addition to the 56 samples, VR measurements were carried out in three wells from two oil-producing basins and VR gradients were constructed. Rock-Eval screening data from one of the wells is also presented. The oil shales were deposited in freshwater (to brackish) lakes with a high preservation potential (TOC contents up to 44.18 wt%). They contain abundant lamalginite and principally algal-derived fluorescing amorphous organic matter followed by liptodetrinite and telalginite (Botryococcus-type). Huminite may be present in subordinate amounts. The coals are completely dominated by huminite and were formed in freshwater mires. VR values from 0.38 to 0.47%Ro show that the exposed coals are thermally immature. VR values from the associated oil shales are suppressed by 0.11 to 0.28%Ro. The oil shales have H/C ratios >1.43, and Hydrogen Index (HI) values are generally >400 mg HC/g TOC and may reach 704 mg HC/ gTOC. In general, the coals have H/C ratios between about 0.80 and 0.90, and the HI values vary considerably from approximately 50 to 300 mg HC/gTOC. The HImax of the coals, which represent the true source rock potential, range from ,160 to 310 mg HC/g TOC indicating a potential for oil/gas and oil generation. The steep VR curves from the oil-producing basins reflect high geothermal gradients of ,62°C/km and ,92°C/km. The depth to the top oil window for the oil shales at a VR of ,0.70%Ro is determined to be between ,1100 m and 1800 m depending on the geothermal gradient. The kerogen composition of the oil shales and the high geothermal gradients result in narrow oil windows, possibly spanning only ,300 to 400 m in the warmest basins. The effective oil window of the coals is estimated to start from ,0.82 to 0.98%Ro and burial depths of ,1300 to 1400 m (,92°C/km) and ,2100 to 2300 m (,62°C/km) are necessary for efficient oil expulsion to occur. [source] WINDOW DRESSING IN BOND MUTUAL FUNDSTHE JOURNAL OF FINANCIAL RESEARCH, Issue 3 2006Matthew R. Morey Abstract We examine portfolio credit quality holding and daily return patterns in a large sample of bond mutual funds and document evidence of window dressing. Using portfolio credit quality holdings data, we find that bond funds on average hold significantly more government bonds during disclosure than nondisclosure, presumably to present a safer portfolio to shareholders. Multiple-index market models estimated with daily returns data corroborate these findings. We detect differences in factor loadings on days surrounding disclosure dates that indicate systematic tilting of the portfolio toward higher quality instruments. [source] BROKEN WINDOWS: WHY,AND HOW,WE SHOULD TAKE THEM SERIOUSLYCRIMINOLOGY AND PUBLIC POLICY, Issue 2 2008WESLEY G. SKOGAN First page of article [source] COLOUR ATTRIBUTES OF MEDIEVAL WINDOW PANES: ELECTRON PARAMAGNETIC RESONANCE AND PROBE MICROANALYSES ON STAINED GLASS WINDOWS FROM PAVIA CARTHUSIAN MONASTERY*ARCHAEOMETRY, Issue 2 2005C. B. AZZONI Stained glass windows from the Carthusian Monastery of Pavia, dating back to the 15th century, were studied by combining two analytical techniques: electron probe micro-analysis (EPMA) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). Chemical compositions and oxidation states of the transition ions, present as minor elements, were investigated by EPMA and EPR, respectively, in order to ascertain the role played by chromophorous ions in the glass coloration. The investigated glass can be defined as K,Ca glass, and the panes with red, green and blue colours were produced using flashing techniques. [source] PATTERNS OF ATTENTION: FROM SHOP WINDOWS TO GALLERY ROOMS IN EARLY TWENTIETH-CENTURY BERLINART HISTORY, Issue 4 2005Charlotte Klonk In the aesthetic programmes promoted by the various German cultural reform movements that flourished in the years before the 1914,18 war patterns took on unprecedented significance. This article investigates the importance of abstract pattern-making in the display strategies adopted in the museum and in the market place. Philosophical and experimental psychology was a common background in both cases. Among the questions that the article addresses are the following: Why were abstract colours and forms and their rhythmic arrangement assigned such a prominent place in Germany in the first decades of the twentieth century? Why were they favoured above the more traditional illusionistic designs? Did gendered assumptions about consumption determine design choices? The article ends with an account of a new kind of display strategy that emerged in the late 1920s in antithesis to pre-war efforts to engage patterns of attention. This abandoned the attempt to make a psycho-physical impact on the perceiving subject in favour of a discursive strategy that posits subjects as part of rational collectives. [source] Successful Treatment of an Adult Patient with an Aortopulmonary Window and Severe Unilateral Pulmonary HypertensionCONGENITAL HEART DISEASE, Issue 6 2009Olaf Franzen MD ABSTRACT A 40-year-old woman with an aortopulmonary window combined with a severe stenosis of the right pulmonary artery was successfully treated by surgical closure of the defect and pulmonary artery patch plasty of the pulmonary stenosis. Even though the vasculature of the left lung was severely damaged preoperatively, the resulting pressure in the lung after surgical correction was only mildly elevated. [source] Widening the Voltammetric Window Using Regular Arrays of Microdisk ElectrodesELECTROANALYSIS, Issue 16 2007Francois Abstract This work explores, through mathematical modeling and numerical simulation, the use of regular arrays of microdisk electrodes wired in parallel as a means to increase the width of the electrochemical window in which one can carry out electrochemical experiments. [source] A New Optically Reflective Thin Layer Electrode (ORTLE) Window: Gold on a Thin Porous Alumina Film Used to Observe the Onset of Water ReductionELECTROANALYSIS, Issue 1-2 2004Abstract The fabrication and unique characteristics of a new type of thin layer electrode, an optically reflective thin layer electrode (ORTLE), are described. The electrode was fabricated by the anodization of a thin layer of aluminum sputtered onto a plain glass microscope slide to create a 750,nm-thick porous alumina film. A thin film of gold was then sputtered atop the porous and transparent alumina film. The gold layer remained porous to allow solution into the pores but was optically thick and reflective. Reflectance measurements made through the microscope slide did not interrogate the bulk solution, but show spectral features that shift with the optical properties of the material filling the pores of the alumina film. A simple series of experiments, in which the potential of the ORTLE was stepped negatively to various values in an aqueous sodium sulfate solution, shows that interference fringes shift measurably in the ORTLE spectrum at potentials several hundred millivolts positive of the potential at which gas evolution was visible to the naked eye. [source] Window to the SoulACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE, Issue 9 2002David Sklar MD No abstract is available for this article. [source] Therapeutic Window for Bioactive Nanocomposites Fabricated by Laser Ablation in Polymer-Doped Organic Liquids,ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS, Issue 5 2010Anne Hahn Abstract Polymeric nanomaterials are gaining increased interest in medical applications due to the sustained release of bioactive agents. Within this study nanomaterials are fabricated using laser ablation of silver and copper in polymer-doped organic liquids thus allowing to produce customized drug release systems. A strategy is shown to determine the therapeutic window for cells relevant for cochlear implant electrodes, defined by the viability of L929 fibroblasts, PC12 neuronal cells, and spiral ganglion cells on different concentrations of silver and copper ions. The distribution of nanoparticles within the silicone polymer matrix is determined using transmission electron microscopy. Hexane doped with 1% silicone resin is found to be an appropriate liquid matrix to fabricate a nanocomposite with a constant ion release rate. Silver ions of 10,µmol L,1 or copper ions of 100,µmol L,1 cause a suppression of tissue growth without inhibiting neuronal cell growth. The copper nanoparticle content of 0.1,wt% of the silicone composite releases ion concentrations which fit the therapeutic window. [source] Standing Facilities and Interbank Borrowing: Evidence from the Federal Reserve's New Discount WindowINTERNATIONAL FINANCE, Issue 3 2003Craig Furfine Standing facilities are designed to place an upper bound on the rates at which financial institutions lend to one another overnight, reducing the volatility of the overnight interest rate, typically the rate targeted by central banks. However, improper design of the facility might decrease a bank's incentive to participate actively in the interbank market. Thus, the mere availability of central-bank-provided credit may lead to its use being greater than what would be expected based on the characteristics of the interbank market. By contrast, however, banks may perceive a stigma from using such facilities, and thus borrow less than what one might expect, thereby reducing the facilities' effectiveness at reducing interest rate volatility. We develop a model demonstrating these two alternative implications of a standing facility. Empirical predictions of the model are then tested using data from the Federal Reserve's new primary credit facility and the US federal funds market. A comparison of data from before and after recent changes to the discount window suggests continued reluctance to borrow from the Federal Reserve. [source] Do Governments Use Financial Derivatives Appropriately?INTERNATIONAL FINANCE, Issue 2 2001Evidence from Sovereign Borrowers in Developed Economies This article provides original evidence on the use of derivatives by sovereign borrowers. Swaps are used both to increase the liquidity of long-term government bonds and for speculation. However, some sovereign borrowers have also used derivatives to ,window dress' their public accounts for the purpose of disguising budget deficits. One actual window-dressing transaction by a sovereign borrower that used it to facilitate entry into the EMU is described. It is shown that the size of the artificial deficit reduction it achieved through this transaction is large. I argue that window-dressing through derivatives might prove particularly damaging for the political stability of the EMU, the effectiveness of stabilization programmes in less developed countries, and the credibility of supranational institutions charged with monitoring the soundness of client-country economic policies. Window dressing also dangerously distorts the relationship between governments and private financial institutions. I suggest proper accounting procedures that should be used to eliminate the possibility of such operations. [source] A travelling salesman problem with allocation, time window and precedence constraints , an application to ship schedulingINTERNATIONAL TRANSACTIONS IN OPERATIONAL RESEARCH, Issue 3 2000K. Fagerholt Abstract A Travelling Salesman Problem with Allocation, Time Window and Precedence Constraints (TSP-ATWPC) is considered. The TSP-ATWPC occurs as a subproblem of optimally sequencing a given set of port visits in a real bulk ship scheduling problem, which is a combined multi-ship pickup and delivery problem with time windows and multi-allocation problem. Each ship in the fleet is equipped with a flexible cargo hold that can be partitioned into several smaller holds in a given number of ways, thus allowing multiple products to be carried simultaneously by the same ship. The allocation constraints of the TSP-ATWPC ensure that the partition of the ship's flexible cargo hold and the allocation of cargoes to the smaller holds are feasible throughout the visiting sequence. The TSP-ATWPC is solved as a shortest path problem on a graph whose nodes are the states representing the set of nodes in the path, the last visited node and the accumulated cargo allocation. The arcs of the graph represent transitions from one state to another. The algorithm is a forward dynamic programming algorithm. A number of domination and elimination tests are introduced to reduce the state space. The computational results show that the proposed algorithm for the TSP-ATWPC works, and optimal solutions are obtained to the real ship scheduling problem. [source] MAURITIUS: First Islamic Banking WindowAFRICA RESEARCH BULLETIN: ECONOMIC, FINANCIAL AND TECHNICAL SERIES, Issue 4 2009Article first published online: 4 JUN 200 No abstract is available for this article. [source] Quality Retention in Strawberry and Carrot Purees Dried with Refractance WindowTM SystemJOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE, Issue 3 2002B.I. Abonyi ABSTRACT: The quality retention characteristics of strawberry and carrot purees dried using the Refractance WindowTM (RW) drying method were evaluated against freeze drying, drum drying, and spray drying methods. Ascorbic acid retention of the strawberry purees (94.0%) after RW drying was comparable to 93.6% in freeze-drying. The carotene losses for RW drying were 8.7% (total carotene), 7.4% (,-carotene), and 9.9% (,-carotene), which were comparable to losses of 4.0% (total carotene), 2.4% (,-carotene), and 5.4% (,-carotene) for freeze-dried carrot purees. The color of the RW-dried carrot purees was comparable to fresh puree. For RW-dried strawberry purees, the color retention was comparable to freeze-dried products. RW drying altered the overall perception of aroma in strawberries. [source] Risk as a Window to Agency: A Case Study of Three DecoratorsJOURNAL OF INTERIOR DESIGN, Issue 1 2008Nancy H. Blossom M.A. ABSTRACT This paper explores the idea of "risk" by examining the role of three women in interior design in the twentieth century (Elsie de Wolfe, 1865,1950; Dorothy Draper, 1888,1969; and Sister Parish, 1929,1994). Women's roles as arbiters of taste were consistent with the social construction of the female gender at the turn of the century; that these roles involved risk,the perception of possible loss or injury,is, for the most part, overlooked by social historians. Our theoretical framework is built upon three keywords from the vocabularies of postmodern social history and women's history: discourse, experience, and agency. These three terms represent the important recognition that the collective understanding of history is not static, but is dependent on the social constructs of the period, as well as (1) how individuals experienced, interpreted, and acted within these constructs and (2) how historians understand and interpret the individual actions in the context of the same constructs. These concepts suggest that individual characters have agency (i.e., power or choice) in framing or reframing an event, based on their unique view of the world. It is through agency that we explore unique qualities of de Wolfe, Draper, and Parish. The stories of de Wolfe, Draper, and Parish demonstrate that risk of traditional values, risk of public persona, and risk of financial security all influenced the ways that they navigated the social and economic circumstances that surrounded them. Each risk, whether imposed on or undertaken by our protagonists, was a seed of change that ultimately affected the social and professional construct of the field of interior design. [source] A Window into the Recent Past in Chiapas: Federal Education and Indigenismo in the Highlands, 1921-1940JOURNAL OF LATIN AMERICAN & CARIBBEAN ANTHROPOLOGY, Issue 1 2001Stephen E. LewisArticle first published online: 28 JUN 200 In the 1920s and 1930s Mexico's Ministry of Public Education (SEP) launched ambitious projects aimed at modernizing and "civilizing' the highlands of Chiapas "incorporating' its indigenous populations into the national mestizo mainstream, and imposing federal laws and instiaitions in the state. SEP teachers met fierce resistance from ladino alcohol mercliants, debt-labor contractors, planters and politicians and from the Tzotzil and Tzeltal Maya themselves. By the time President Lázaro Cárdenas managed to impose his reform agenda on the state in late 1936, die SEP's battle had largely been lost, kind and labor reforms merely provided local ladinos with new ways to control the highland Maya. By 1940, indigenous communities were tied politically to state and national party machines. Only now might tills system of domination lie breaking down, as the PRI reels from its recent losses at the national and state levels. [source] Characterization of polymetamorphism in the Austroalpine basement east of the Tauern Window using garnet isopleth thermobarometryJOURNAL OF METAMORPHIC GEOLOGY, Issue 6 2006F. GAIDIES Abstract Garnet in metapelites from the Wölz and Rappold Complexes of the Austroalpine basement east of the Tauern Window typically shows two distinct growth zones. A first garnet generation usually forms the cores of garnet porphyroblasts and is separated by a prominent microstructural and chemical discontinuity from a second garnet generation, which forms rims of variable width. Whereas the rims were formed during the Eo-Alpine metamorphic overprint, the garnet cores represent remnants of at least two pre-Eo-Alpine metamorphic events. The pressure and temperature estimates obtained from garnet isopleth thermobarometry applied to the first growth increments of the pre-Eo-Alpine garnet cores from the Wölz and Rappold Complexes cluster into two distinct domains: (i) in the Wölz Complex, incipient growth of the first-generation garnet occurred at 4 ± 0.5 kbar and 535 ± 20 °C, (ii) in the Rappold Complex, incipient growth of the oldest garnet cores took place at 5.3 ± 0.3 kbar and 525 ± 15 °C. The Eo-Alpine garnet generation started to grow at 6.5 ± 0.5 kbar and 540 ± 10 °C. According to radiometric dating, the low-pressure garnet from the Wölz complex was formed during a Permian metamorphic event. The first-generation garnet of the Rappold Complex is probably of Variscan age. [source] Interactions between serpentinite devolatilization, metasomatism and strike-slip strain localization during deep-crustal shearing in the Eastern AlpsJOURNAL OF METAMORPHIC GEOLOGY, Issue 4 2004J. D. Barnes Abstract The Greiner shear zone in the Tauern Window, Eastern Alps, changes from a zone of distributed (dominantly sinistral) shear in supracrustal rocks to a series of narrow, gully forming dextral splays where it enters basement gneisses. Within these splays, granodiorite is transformed into quartz-poor biotite and/or chlorite schists, reflecting hydration, removal of Si, Ca and Na, and concentration of Fe, Mg and Al. Stable isotope analyses show a prominent increase in ,D and a decrease in ,18O from granodiorite into the shear zones. These changes indicate significant channelized flow of an externally derived, low-,18O, high-,D fluid through the shear zones. The shear zone schists are chemically similar to blackwall zones developed around serpentinite bodies elsewhere in the Greiner zone and the stable isotope data support alteration via serpentinite-derived fluid. Monazite in schist from one shear zone yields spot dates of 29,20 Ma, indicating that the fluid influx and switch from sinistral to dextral shear occurred at or shortly after the thermal peak of the Alpine orogeny (c. 30 Ma). We suggest that Alpine metamorphism of serpentinites released large amounts of high-,D, low-,18O, Si-undersaturated, Fe + Mg-saturated fluids that became channelized along prior zones of weakness in the granodiorite. Infiltration of this fluid facilitated growth of chlorite and biotite, which in turn localized later dextral strain in the narrow splays via cleavage-parallel slip. This dextral strain event can be linked to other structures that accommodated tectonic escape of major crustal blocks during dextral transpression in the Eastern Alps. This study shows that serpentinite devolatilization can play an important role in modifying both the chemistry and rheology of surrounding rocks during orogenesis. [source] Chemical and physical responses to deformation in micaceous quartzites from the Tauern Window, Eastern AlpsJOURNAL OF METAMORPHIC GEOLOGY, Issue 4 2003J. Selverstone Abstract Micaceous quartzites from a subvertical shear zone in the Tauern Window contain abundant quartz clasts derived from dismembered quartz-tourmaline veins. Bulk plane strain deformation affected these rocks at amphibolite facies conditions. Shape changes suggest net shortening of the clasts by 11,64%, with a mean value of 35%. Quartz within the clasts accommodated this strain largely via dislocation creep processes. On the high-stress flanks of the clasts, however, quartz was removed via solution mass transfer (pressure solution) processes; the resulting change in bulk composition allowed growth of porphyroblastic staurolite + chlorite ± kyanite on the clast flanks. Matrix SiO2 contents decrease from c. 83 wt% away from the clasts to 49,58% in the selvages on the clast flanks. The chemical changes are consistent with c. 70% volume loss in the high-stress zones. Calculated shortening values within the clast flanks are similar to the volume-loss estimates, and are greatly in excess of the shortening values calculated from the clasts themselves. Flow laws for dislocation creep versus pressure solution imply large strain-rate gradients and/or differential stress gradients between the matrix and the clast selvages. In a rock containing a large proportion of semirigid clasts, weakening within the clast flanks could dominate rock rheology. In our samples, however, weakening within the selvages was self limiting: (1) growth of strong staurolite porphyroblasts in the selvages protected remaining quartz from dissolution; and (2) overall flattening of the quartz clasts probably decreased the resolved shear stress on the flanks to values near those of the matrix, which would have reduced the driving force for solution-transfer creep. Extreme chemical changes nonetheless occurred over short distances. The necessity of maintaining strain compatibility may lead to significant localized dissolution in rocks containing rheologic heterogeneities, and overall weakening of the rocks may result. Solution-transfer creep may be a major process whereby weakening and strain localization occur during deep-crustal metamorphism of polymineralic rocks. [source] Cuspy dark matter haloes and the GalaxyMONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY, Issue 2 2001J.J. Binney The microlensing optical depth to Baade's Window constrains the minimum total mass in baryonic matter within the Solar circle to be greater than ,, assuming the inner Galaxy is barred with viewing angle ,20°. From the kinematics of solar neighbourhood stars, the local surface density of dark matter is ,. We construct cuspy haloes normalized to the local dark matter density and calculate the circular-speed curve of the halo in the inner Galaxy. This is added in quadrature to the rotation curve provided by the stellar and ISM discs, together with a bar sufficiently massive so that the baryonic matter in the inner Galaxy reproduces the microlensing optical depth. Such models violate the observational constraint provided by the tangent-velocity data in the inner Galaxy (typically at radii . The high baryonic contribution required by the microlensing is consistent with implications from hydrodynamical modelling and the pattern speed of the Galactic bar. We conclude that the cuspy haloes favoured by the cold dark matter cosmology (and its variants) are inconsistent with the observational data on the Galaxy. [source] Stones through the WindowAMERICAN ANTHROPOLOGIST, Issue 3 2006DON KALB Civilizing Globalization: A Survival Guide. Richard Sandbrook, ed. Albany: State University of New York Press, 2003. 279 pp. Globalization, the State, and Violence. Jonathan Friedman, ed. Walnut Creek, CA: AltaMira Press, 2003. 389 pp. [source] A Much-Needed Window on Opioid DiversionPAIN MEDICINE, Issue 2 2007David E. Joranson MSSW No abstract is available for this article. [source] Quality, Trade and the Moving Window: The Globalisation Process,THE ECONOMIC JOURNAL, Issue 524 2007John Sutton The globalisation process is analysed in a model where firms differ in productivity and quality. A lower bound to quality emerges, below which firms cannot sell, however low their (local) wage rate. The range of quality levels between the maximum and this lower bound shifts upwards when trade is liberalised (the ,moving window'). The initial phase of globalisation, associated with trade liberalisation, in an initially segmented (but not autarkic) world, may reduce welfare in countries with intermediate levels of capability, but these countries may be the most important gainers as capabilities are transferred in subsequent phases. [source] CT-Soft Tissue Window of the Cranial Abdomen in Clinically Normal Dogs: An Anatomical description using Macroscopic Cross-Sections with Vascular InjectionANATOMIA, HISTOLOGIA, EMBRYOLOGIA, Issue 1 2009M. A. Rivero Summary The aim of this study was to provide a detailed anatomic atlas of the cranial abdomen by means of computed tomography (CT). Three mature dogs, all mixed breed males, were used. The dogs were sedated, anaesthetized and positioned in sternal recumbency. CT scans from the eighth thoracic vertebra to the fourth lumbar vertebra were performed using a third-generation equipment (TOSHIBA 600HQ scanner) with 1 cm slice thickness. CT-images of the cranial abdomen were taken with soft-tissue window (WL: ,14, WW: 658) settings. Dogs were killed and vascular-injection technique was performed: red and blue latex filled the vascular system. Injected dogs were frozen in the same position as used for CT examination and sectioned with an electric bandsaw at 1-cm-thick intervals. The cuts matched as closely as possible to the CT-images. The anatomic sections were compared and studied with the corresponding CT-images, and clinically relevant abdominal anatomic structures were identified and labelled on the corresponding CT-images. The results of our study could be used as a reference for evaluating CT-images of the canine cranial abdomen with abdominal diseases. [source] Window of Opportunity Opens: Asian and American Views of the International Economic ArchitectureASIAN ECONOMIC POLICY REVIEW, Issue 2 2009Wendy DOBSON F02; F13; F33; F55; F59 This paper compares US and Asian views of the international economic architecture including Asia's evolving regional institutions. Lessons from the global financial crisis are used to assess reforms of the financial institutions better to prevent and manage future crises. While G-20 leaders have increased the resources of the International Monetary Fund, much work remains to restore its legitimacy and independence and to define clearly the Financial Stability Board's mandate to strengthen financial oversight and regulation. The paper critiques proposals for a global super-regulator and concludes that while the global architecture is important, the tests of its success will be fewer government actions to self-insure and the willingness to heed warnings of future problems and take timely corrective actions. [source] A Hypothesis-Free Multiple Scan Statistic with Variable WindowBIOMETRICAL JOURNAL, Issue 2 2008L. Cucala Abstract In this article we propose a new technique for identifying clusters in temporal point processes. This relies on the comparision between all the m -order spacings and it is totally independent of any alternative hypothesis. A recursive procedure is introduced and allows to identify multiple clusters independently. This new scan statistic seems to be more efficient than the classical scan statistic for detecting and recovering cluster alternatives. These results have applications in epidemiological studies of rare diseases. (© 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) [source] Eckfeld Maar: Window into an Eocene Terrestrial Habitat in Central EuropeACTA GEOLOGICA SINICA (ENGLISH EDITION), Issue 4 2010Herbert LUTZ Abstract: To mark the occasion of the 175th anniversary of the Rheinische Naturforschende Gesellschaft in 2009 and of the centennial of the Mainz Natural History Museum in 2010, we present a short account of our present knowledge of the Eckfeld Maar after 20 years of continuous research. This paper does not attempt to include all of the detailed results on the geology of the Eckfeld site or its biota. To date, nearly 250 papers and books have been published since the start of our project An up-to-date list of these publications can be found at http://www.eckfeldermaar.de. [source] A Windows-based interface for teaching image processingCOMPUTER APPLICATIONS IN ENGINEERING EDUCATION, Issue 2 2010Melvin Ayala Abstract The use of image processing in research represents a challenge to the scientific community interested in its various applications but is not familiar with this area of expertise. In academia as well as in industry, fundamental concepts such as image transformations, filtering, noise removal, morphology, convolution/deconvolution among others require extra efforts to be understood. Additionally, algorithms for image reading and visualization in computers are not always easy to develop by inexperienced researchers. This type of environment has lead to an adverse situation where most students and researchers develop their own image processing code for operations which are already standards in image processing, a redundant process which only exacerbates the situation. The research proposed in this article, with the aim to resolve this dilemma, is to propose a user-friendly computer interface that has a dual objective which is to free students and researchers from the learning time needed for understanding/applying diverse imaging techniques but to also provide them with the option to enhance or reprogram such algorithms with direct access to the software code. The interface was thus developed with the intention to assist in understanding and performing common image processing operations through simple commands that can be performed mostly by mouse clicks. The visualization of pseudo code after each command execution makes the interface attractive, while saving time and facilitating to users the learning of such practical concepts. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 18: 213,224, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com); DOI 10.1002/cae.20171 [source] Three-dimensional reconstruction of the mucosa from sequential sections of biopsy specimens of patients with ulcerative colitis: Relationship between crypt structure and vascular architectureDIGESTIVE ENDOSCOPY, Issue 2 2004Hiroo Furukawa Background:, In a previous paper, the stereographic reconstruction of the crypt structure of ulcerative colitis using the RATOCK System was described. The relationship between the blood vessels and the crypt structure is the focus of the current paper, using two kinds of tissue staining color in which the color differs. Stereographic images make the relationship between the crypt structure and blood vessel distribution understandable at a glance. Methods:, The methods used here are identical to those described in a previous paper. In the present paper, five cases of ulcerative colitis (UC) are examined. Biopsy specimens were obtained from the diseased, normal, and transitional zones (the area between the normal and diseased zones) from each patient. Three-dimensional reconstruction was created using TRI for Windows (RATOC System Tokyo, Japan) software. In the present paper, two kinds of dyeing method between H&E and monoclonal antibody staining of the tissue was used. It was proven that the distribution of gland and blood vessel is very clear in the 3-D reconstruction shown. Results:, (i) The blood vessels in the normal zones run parallel to the crypt in a regular manner and are almost identical to one another in diameter. (ii) In the transitional and diseased zones, the blood vessels show no clear direction and produce many branches without any apparent order. The blood vessels are, moreover, irregular in diameter. (iii) In short, clear parallelism is lost in both the transitional and diseased zones. Conclusion:, Stereographic reconstruction of endoscopically obtained biopsy specimens of UC-affected tissues makes it possible to understand at a glance the distribution of blood vessels and their relationship to crypts. The relationship of these was clarified by the combined use of two kinds of dyeing method with three-dimensional reconstruction. [source] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||