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Wider Array (wider + array)

Distribution by Scientific Domains
Life Sciences33%
Humanities and Social Sciences33%

Selected Abstracts

Feeding habits of the gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) from the Ria Formosa (southern Portugal) as compared to the black seabream (Spondyliosoma cantharus) and the annular seabream (Diplodus annularis)

JOURNAL OF APPLIED ICHTHYOLOGY, Issue 2 2002
C. Pita
The feeding habits of Sparus aurata L., Diplodus annularis L. and Spondyliosoma cantharus L. in the Ria Formosa (southern Portugal) lagoon system were studied using three simple methods (frequency of occurrence, numeric percentage and percentage weight) and a composite index [index of relative importance (IRI)]. The Ivlev index was used to evaluate diet selectivity, while the Schoener overlap index was used to compare diets, and diet diversity was characterized by the Simpson index. The diets of the three species consist of a wide variety of food organisms, nevertheless S. aurata seems to be the most specialized. No significant dietary overlap was found, with S. aurata preferentially selecting gastropods and bivalves, while S. cantharus preferentially selected a wide variety of crustaceans and D. sargus a wider array, including crustaceans, gastropods and bivalves. [source]

CHRIST AND HISTORY: HERMENEUTICAL CONVERGENCE IN CALVIN AND ITS CHALLENGE TO BIBLICAL THEOLOGY

MODERN THEOLOGY, Issue 1 2005
STEPHEN EDMONDSON
When we grasp Calvin's emphasis on the covenant history in its theological and Christological aspects and the relationship of this emphasis to Calvin's humanistic understanding of history, then we can understand the convergence of the historical and the Christological senses in Calvin's reading of Scripture. This understanding of Calvin's approach questions modernity's narrow historiographical bounds for discerning Scripture's historical sense, opening us to a consideration of a wider array of practices. Brueggemann's historiographical suggestions about the importance of Israel's witness and practice for reading scripture both historically and theologically fall within this broader frame and are congenial to Calvin's work. [source]

Selection in utero: A biological response to mass layoffs

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN BIOLOGY, Issue 3 2010
Ralph Catalano
Most research describing the biological response to unemployment appears appropriately motivated by clinical or public health concerns and focuses on death, disease, and medical care. We argue that expanding the work to include other outcomes could contribute to basic science. As an example, we use the response to mass layoffs to discriminate between two explanations of low ratios of male to female live births in stressed populations. One explanation asserts that ambient stressors reduce the ratio of males to females conceived. The other argues that the maternal stress response selects against males in utero. We show that selection in utero better explains the observed data. We conclude that human adaptation to the economic environment deserves scrutiny from a wider array of scientists than it now receives. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2010. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

Cooperation at different scales: challenges for local and international water resource governance in South Africa

THE GEOGRAPHICAL JOURNAL, Issue 1 2010
N MIRUMACHI
Theory on environmental governance and water governance emphasises decentralised, devolved forms of interaction between stakeholders. As previously excluded actors are empowered to take part in governance, new forms of cooperation are created. This paper examines how the cooperative principle has influenced stakeholder interaction at the local and international scales of water governance in South Africa. Water policies and initiatives have been set up to promote multi-level governance that emphasises cooperation between various stakeholders. The emphasis on cooperation and inclusiveness is particularly pertinent to the South African context because of its apartheid past. The paper asks whether there have been new forms of cooperation between a wider array of actors, as the theory proposes. By using the case studies of the Sabie catchment and the Lesotho Highlands Water Project to examine local and international level governance, the paper finds challenges related to power disparity and interdependence of actors, and risk perceptions of inclusive decision-making. It is found that at both the local and international level, the state, which is a ,traditional' actor, still plays an influential role in decision-making. ,New' actors such as businesses, civil society, and regional institutions are more visible but have limited decision-making power. Non-linear, time-consuming forms of cooperation occur in water governance. [source]

Interspecific variation in the defensive responses of ant mutualists to plant volatiles

BIOLOGICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY, Issue 2 2008
EMILIO M. BRUNA
In ant,plant mutualist systems, ants patrol their host plants and search for herbivores. Such patrolling can be inefficient, however, because herbivore activity is spatio-temporally unpredictable. It has been proposed that rapid and efficient systems of communication between ants and plants, such as volatile compounds released following herbivory, both elicit defensive responses and direct workers to sites of herbivore activity. We performed bioassays in which we challenged colonies of two Amazonian plant-ants, Azteca sp. and Pheidole minutula, with extracts of leaf tissue from (1) their respective host-plant species (Tococa bullifera and Maieta guianensis, both Melastomataceae), (2) sympatric ant-plants from the Melastomataceae, and (3) two sympatric but non-myrmecophytic Melastomataceae. We found that ants of both species responded dramatically to host-plant extracts, and that these responses are greater than those to sympatric myrmecophytes. Azteca sp. also responded to non-myrmecophytes with an intensity similar to that of sympatric ant-plants. By contrast, the response of P. minutula to any non-myrmecophytic extracts was limited. These differences may be driven in part by interspecific differences in nesting behaviour; although P. minutula only nests in host plants, Azteca sp. will establish carton satellite nests on nearby plants. We hypothesize that Azteca sp. must therefore recognize and defend a wider array of species than P. minutula. © 2008 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2008, 94, 241,249. [source]

The Environment of Poverty: Multiple Stressor Exposure, Psychophysiological Stress, and Socioemotional Adjustment

CHILD DEVELOPMENT, Issue 4 2002
Gary W. Evans
The one in five children growing up in poverty in America have elevated risk for socioemotional difficulties. One contributing factor to their elevated risk may be exposure to multiple physical and psychosocial stressors. This study demonstrated that 8, to 10,year,old, low,income, rural children (N= 287) confront a wider array of multiple physical (substandard housing, noise, crowding) and psychosocial (family turmoil, early childhood separation, community violence) stressors than do their middle,income counterparts. Prior research on self,reported distress among inner,city minority children is replicated and extended among low,income, rural White children with evidence of higher levels of self, and parent,reported psychological distress, greater difficulties in self,regulatory behavior (delayed gratification), and elevated psychophysiological stress (resting blood pressure, overnight neuroendocrine hormones). Preliminary mediational analyses with cross,sectional data suggest that cumulative stressor exposure may partially account for the well,documented, elevated risk of socioemotional difficulties accompanying poverty. [source]