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Witnesses
Kinds of Witnesses Terms modified by Witnesses Selected AbstractsBEARING WITNESS: TOBACCO, PUBLIC HEALTH AND HISTORY THE CIGARETTE CENTURY: THE RISE, FALL AND DEADLY PERSISTENCE OF THE PRODUCT THAT DEFINED AMERICA.ADDICTION, Issue 7 20092000., Edited by A.M. Brandt MARKETING HEALTH: SMOKING AND THE DISCOURSE OF PUBLIC HEALTH IN BRITAIN First page of article [source] STRICTLY LIABLE: GOVERNMENTAL USE OF THE PARENT,CHILD RELATIONSHIP AS A BASIS FOR HOLDING VICTIMS LIABLE FOR THEIR CHILD'S WITNESS TO DOMESTIC VIOLENCEFAMILY COURT REVIEW, Issue 1 2006Sharon N. ClarkeArticle first published online: 10 FEB 200 Studies estimate that between three and ten million children in the United States witness domestic violence annually. Although studies have demonstrated a co-occurrence of domestic violence and child abuse, there is no concrete evidence to support the assumption that a child's exposure to domestic violence increases the risk to the child of abuse or neglect. Recently the New York State Court of Appeals determined that a child's witness to abuse does not suffice, in and of itself, to show that removal of the child is necessary or that removal is in the "best interests" of the child. Programs which have developed alternatives to presumptive removal understand the importance of viewing the interests of the battered parent and children as being in accord with each other rather than in opposition. Private and government sponsored programs have demonstrated some success in protecting the parent-child relationship, ensuring the safety of both parent and child, and increasing accountability of batterers while reducing the necessity for removals. Alternative programs are less costly to the state than foster care, and emotionally less costly to the families. [source] RELEVANT PATTERNS OF CHRISTIAN WITNESS IN PLURALISTIC SOCIETIES: AN INDIAN PERSPECTIVEINTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF MISSION, Issue 361 2002JESUDAS M. ATHYAL First page of article [source] Homosexuality and the Church's Witness in the ELCA's Current StruggleDIALOG, Issue 2 2005By Marc Kolden Abstract:, The basis for holding the traditional Christian position against same-sex sexual intimacy is sufficiently well-supported by arguments from scripture and Christian traditions of moral reasoning to vote to continue the present ELCA policies and practices regarding sexual conduct. Also, arguments for revising the traditional view are flawed morally and theologically. Despite the momentum of secular culture in North America and Europe, the ELCA should resist any changes in its policies and any relaxation in its disciplining of those who disregard its present practices. This will be difficult, because many proponents for change have raised their position to the level of a de facto article of faith, that is, something that they consider to be necessary (particularly as it concerns ordination), and thus they will do everything possible to secure acceptance of their position. [source] History, Memory, and the Law: The Historian as Expert WitnessHISTORY AND THEORY, Issue 3 2002Richard J. Evans There has been a widespread recovery of public memory of the events of the Second World War since the end of the 1980s, with war crimes trials, restitution actions, monuments and memorials to the victims of Nazism appearing in many countries. This has inevitably involved historians being called upon to act as expert witnesses in legal actions, yet there has been little discussion of the problems that this poses for them. The French historian Henry Rousso has argued that this confuses memory with history. In the aftermath of the Second World War, judicial investigations unearthed a mass of historical documentation. Historians used this, and further researches, from the 1960s onwards to develop their own ideas and interpretations. But since the early 1990s there has been a judicialization of history, in which historians and their work have been forced into the service of moral and legal forms of judgment which are alien to the historical enterprise and do violence to the subleties and nuances of the historian's search for truth. This reflects Rousso's perhaps rather simplistically scientistic view of the historian's enterprise; yet his arguments are powerful and should be taken seriously by any historian considering involvement in a law case; they also have a wider implication for the moralization of the history of the Second World War, which is now dominated by categories such as "perpetrator,""victim," and "bystander" that are legal rather than historical in origin. The article concludes by suggesting that while historians who testify in war crimes trials should confine themselves to elucidating the historical context, and not become involved in judging whether an individual was guilty or otherwise of a crime, it remains legitimate to offer expert opinion, as the author of the article has done, in a legal action that turns on the research and writing of history itself. [source] A Silent Witness for Peace: The Case of Schoolteacher Mary Stone McDowell and America at WarHISTORY OF EDUCATION QUARTERLY, Issue 3 2008Patricia Howlett First page of article [source] Pondering the Sinlessness of Jesus Christ: Moral Christologies and the Witness of ScriptureINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC THEOLOGY, Issue 4 2008IVOR J. DAVIDSON The models that typically emerge in modernity face major difficulties. This article seeks to reorient the discussion of sinlessness in biblical terms, and suggests that scripture's witness points toward an account of the moral character of Jesus as grounded specifically in inner-divine relations rather than in any sort of idealism. Such a trinitarian account also raises questions about some conventional approaches to the metaphysics of sinlessness. [source] Global Religious Transformations, Political Vision and Christian Witness,INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF MISSION, Issue 375 2005Vinoth Ramachandra From the nineteenth-century onwards religion has been, and continues to be, an important resource for nationalist, modernizing movements. What was true of Protestant Christianity in the world of Victorian Britain also holds for the nationalist transformations of Hindu Neo-Vedanta, Theravada Buddhism, Shintoism and Shi'ite Islam in the non-Western world. Globalizing practises both corrode inherited cultural and personal identities and, at the same time, stimulate the revitalisation of particular identities as a way of gaining more influence in the new global order. However, it would be a gross distortion to identify the global transformations of Islam, and indeed of other world religions, with their more violent and fanatical forms. The globalization of local conflicts serves powerful propaganda purposes on all sides. If global Christian witness in the political arena is to carry integrity, this essay argues for the following responses, wherever we may happen to live: (a) Learning the history behind the stories of ,religious violence' reported in the secular media; (b) Identifying and building relationships with the more self-critical voices within the other religious traditions and communities, so avoiding simplistic generalizations and stereotyping of others; (c) Actively engaging in the political quest for truly participatory democracies that honour cultural and religious differences. In a hegemonic secular culture, as in the liberal democracies of the West, authentic cross-cultural engagement is circumvented. There is a militant secularist ,orthodoxy' that is as destructive of authentic pluralism as its fundamentalist religious counterpart. The credibility of the global Church will depend on whether Christians can resist the totalising identities imposed on them by their nation-states and/or their ethnic communities, and grasp that their primary allegiance is to Jesus Christ and his universal reign. [source] So You Want to Be an Expert Witness?JOURNAL OF CONSUMER AFFAIRS, Issue 3 2010JANE KOLODINSKY This commentary gives an insider's view of an expert witness experience, followed by attorney Seth Richard Lesser's response with some of the rules of the expert witness road and what anyone needs to expect if planning to take on expert work. [source] Denominational Difference in Quaker Relief Work During the Spanish Civil War: The Operation of Corporate Concern and Liberal TheologiesJOURNAL OF RELIGIOUS HISTORY, Issue 2 2000Farah MendlesohnArticle first published online: 19 DEC 200 The denominational differences between American and British relief workers in the Spanish Civil War are not immediately obvious, and cannot be identified by simple reference to the ideologies of the societies with which they claimed allegiance. This is both because orthodox American Quakerism and the theology of the London Yearly Meeting were very similar in the first half of the twentieth century, and because, when we attempt to compare the two groups, we are not comparing like with like. Those who worked for the (British) Friends Service Council (FSC) , and they came from a number of countries , were representing the witness of the London Society of Friends. Those who worked for the American Friends Service Committee (AFSC) were representing only the theology of that committee. In the 1920s the denominational identities of the American Quakers were beginning to settle into patterns which we recognize in the twentieth century. As part of this settlement American Quakers tentatively agreed to cooperate in matters of relief, a cooperation which produced the AFSC. However, in order to walk the precarious tightrope of interdenominational tension, the AFSC was forced to develop its own independent identity and its own distinctive character. While the AFSC is not a denomination in the usual sense of the word, it is possible to see it as possessing its own culture and theologies. It has a cohesiveness that allows us to compare practice and belief with that of the FSC where it is not possible to make a comparison between American and British workers in this context , in part, because very few of the "British" in Spain were actually British , nor to compare the British and American Societies. This paper will attempt, through focusing on the place of the Peace Testimony in the relief work in which the two sets of Friends were engaged, to indicate the differences of theology and practice displayed by the two "denominations." However, this paper should be recognized as part of a larger and longer work engaged in considering the role played by the Testimony of Social Justice in the working out of the Quaker Peace Witness in the middle years of the twentieth century. [source] Complex liver resection for a large intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in a Jehovah's witness: A strategy to avoid transfusionJOURNAL OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY, Issue 3 2007FRCS, Omar Barakat MD Abstract Although morbidity and mortality after liver resection have improved over the last two decades, complex liver resections still require perioperative blood transfusions. In this report, we describe the use of a combined left trisegmentectomy and caudate lobectomy, along with resection of the inferior vena cava, to treat a large intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in a Jehovah's Witness. To our knowledge, this is the first report of major liver resection for a large malignant tumor in this patient population. We also discuss the perioperative strategy and surgical technique we used to minimize blood loss and avoid transfusion. This approach could be a safe alternative for use in all patients with complex liver tumor, regardless of their religious beliefs, to reduce the risks and cost associated with blood transfusion. J. Surg. Oncol. 2007;96: 249,253. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Karl Barth: Theologian of Christian WitnessMODERN THEOLOGY, Issue 2 2006Article first published online: 18 APR 200 Book reviewed: Karl Barth: Theologian of Christian Witness by Joseph Mangina (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2004) xiv + 208 pp. Reviewed by Timothy J. Gorringe Department of Theology University of Exeter The Queen's Drive Devon EX4 4QJ UK [source] The Treating Physician as Expert Witness: Ethical and Pragmatic ConsiderationsPAIN MEDICINE, Issue 5 2006Ben A. Rich JD ABSTRACT Objective., The objective of this analysis is to apprise pain physicians of the ethical concerns and practical considerations that arise when a treating physician is called upon to testify as an expert witness in a legal proceeding involving his or her own patient. The provision of expert testimony in medico-legal proceedings has come under heightened scrutiny in recent years. When a physician testifies as an expert witness, such testimony is considered to be the practice of medicine, and hence subject to the same ethical and professional obligations as patient care. Increasingly, medical professional organizations have promulgated guidelines for such activities, and even implemented oversight mechanisms to review complaints concerning expert testimony by their members. Additional issues are raised when the expert witness is also the treating physician for the patient who is a party to the legal proceeding in which the expert testimony is offered. Conclusions., While it is not categorically unethical or inadvisable for a physician to testify as an expert witness in a medico-legal proceeding involving his or her own patient, such activity raises special issues and concerns. Prospective expert witnesses in such situations should be cognizant of these issues and insure that they have been adequately addressed before and during the testimony. [source] The Word and Its Witness: The Spiritualization of American Realism , By Gregory S. JacksonRELIGIOUS STUDIES REVIEW, Issue 2 2010Daniel C. Dillard No abstract is available for this article. [source] Safety of cardiac surgery without blood transfusion: a retrospective study in Jehovah's Witness patientsANAESTHESIA, Issue 4 2010S. R. El Azab Summary The aim of this retrospective study was to compare the utilisation of blood products and outcomes following cardiac surgery for 123 Jehovah's Witnesses and 4219 non-Jehovah's Witness patient controls. The study took place over a 7-year period at the Amphia Hospital in Breda, the Netherlands. A specific protocol was used in the management of Jehovah's Witness patients, while the control group received blood without restriction according to their needs. Patients' characteristics were comparable in both groups. Pre-operatively, the mean (SD) Euro Score was higher in the Jehovah's Witness group (3.2 (2.6) vs 2.7 (2.5), respectively; p < 0.02). Pre-operative haemoglobin concentration was higher in the Jehovah's Witness group (8.9 (0.7) vs 8.6 (0.9) g.dl,1, respectively; p < 0.001). The total cardiopulmonary bypass time did not differ between groups. The requirement for allogenic blood transfusion was 0% in the Jehovah's Witness group compared to 65% in the control group. Postoperatively, there was a lower incidence of Q-wave myocardial infarction (2 (1.8%) vs 323 (7.7%), respectively; p < 0.02), and non Q-wave infarction (11 (9.8%) vs 559 (13.2%), respectively; p < 0.02) in the Jehovah's Witness group compared with controls. Mean (SD) length of stay in the intensive care unit (2.3 (3.2) vs 2.6 (4.2) days; p = 0.26), re-admission rate to the intensive care unit (5 (4.5%) vs 114 (2.7%); p = 0.163), and mortality (3 (2.7%) vs 65 (1.5%); p = 0.59), did not differ between the Jehovah's Witness and control groups, respectively. [source] Triplet pregnancy in a Jehovah's Witness: recombinant human erythropoietin and iron supplementation for minimising the risks of excessive blood lossBJOG : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS & GYNAECOLOGY, Issue 6 2002Emmanuel Kalu No abstract is available for this article. [source] Simultaneous pancreas,kidney transplantation in Jehovah's Witness patientsCLINICAL TRANSPLANTATION, Issue 2 2003Jose Figueiro Abstract:, The safety and efficacy of renal and liver transplantation has been reported for Jehovah's Witness (JW) patients, with patient, and graft survival similar to that of non-JW patients. We report our experience in five JW recipients of simultaneous pancreas,kidney transplants. None of the patients received transfusion of blood or blood products, either before or after transplant. Like the other solid organ transplants, patient, and graft survival was similar to that of the non-JW group. Specific technical issues related to the operative procedure include the use of the cell saver until the donor duodenum is opened (enteric contamination). Post-operatively, care should be taken to minimize drawing of blood and optimize erythrocyte synthesis with erythropoetin, folic acid, vitamin B12, and iron. Finally, it is critical that the pre-operative evaluation demonstrates sufficient cardiac reserve to allow the JW patient to tolerate a possible temporary anemic state. [source] The Trial of the Witnesses: The Rise and Decline of Postliberal Theology , By Paul DeHartCONVERSATIONS IN RELIGION & THEOLOGY, Issue 2 2007William C. Placher First page of article [source] Bombed and Silenced: Foreign Witnesses of the Air War in GermanyGERMAN LIFE AND LETTERS, Issue 4 2009Oliver Lubrich ABSTRACT Non-German accounts of the air war from inside Germany, 1939,1945, offer perspectives and evidence that are very distinct from what most German authors have been able to contribute. Yet they have not been registered in the recent debates about representations of German suffering in testimonies and literature (initiated by W. G. Sebald ten years ago). By looking at five issues specific to non-German writing, the present article proposes to open up the debate to these new voices: (1) Foreign experiences are distinctively sudden, open, ambivalent, dynamic and, by contrast, sharper in perception. (2) International reports are historical documents that have a particular value for understanding contemporary expectations, relative information and shifting judgments on the Allied bombing campaign. (3) Writers like Curzio Malaparte, Louis-Ferdinand Céline, Kurt Vonnegut or Marie Vassiltchikov developed rhetorical and poetical means for representing the destruction without succumbing to the faults that Sebald diagnosed in most German writers, who repressed, stylised or banalised it. (4) Unlike many of their contemporary German counterparts, most international authors dealt with the uncanny aesthetics of an air raid without aestheticising it. (5) Finally, the article attempts an explanation for why international witnesses have not been heard n the politicised German debates. Their tendency to overemphasise introspection and moralism over comparative philology and historiography may have made many Germans deaf to the voices of foreigners. [source] Disciplined Litigation, Vigilant Litigation, and Deformation: Dramatic Organization Change in Jehovah's WitnessesJOURNAL FOR THE SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF RELIGION, Issue 1 2001Pauline Côté Jehovah's Witnesses' long-term development presents an interesting case of evolution in line with the "deformation thesis," an attempt at explaining dramatic shifts in organizational forms, activities, and even beliefs in controversial religious minorities. Derived from resource mobilization tradition, this thesis assumes that radical transformations result from major defensive resource allocation mandated by negative reactions of societal institutions. This is especially the case with reference to the adoption by Jehovah's Witnesses, a millenarian group, of a "disciplined litigation"strategy in the 1940s, a pattern later to be incorporated in religious activities and beliefs of the organization. Today, disciplined litigation and its successor, "vigilant litigation," seem legitimate ways to adapt to the prevailing religious climate and structure. As such, it can be conceived as a model for defensive moves taken by "younger" controversial religious minorities and reflects the enormous influence of the law and legal systems in shaping minority religions. [source] Jurors' Perception of Witnesses with Intellectual Disabilities and the Influence of Expert EvidenceJOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES, Issue 2 2003Georgina Stobbs Purpose, The aim of this study was to assess mock-jurors' perceptions of the evidence of witnesses with intellectual disabilities either with or without expert evidence and in comparison with witnesses from the general population. Method, Sixty participants read transcripts of a mock trial focusing on the testimony of an eyewitness. Participants were assigned to one of three groups. The first was told that the witness was a person from the general population. The second was told that the witness had mild learning disabilities. The third group was told that the witness had mild learning disabilities and was given expert evidence concerning his abilities. Results, While mock-jurors perceive witnesses with learning disabilities to be fundamentally honest, they are reluctant to rely on the evidence provided by witnesses with learning disabilities. Expert evidence can go some way to ameliorating the negative perceptions of the reliability of witnesses with learning disabilities. Conclusions, Expert evidence can provide jurors with a certain degree of insight and understanding of an individual witness with intellectual disabilities that potentially increases the likelihood of achieving justice. [source] Interrogative Suggestibility among Witnesses with Mild Intellectual Disabilities: the Use of an Adaptation of the GSSJOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES, Issue 1 2002Rebecca Milne Background As part of the assessment of witnesses' ability to provide an account to the police and the courts, information is sometimes sought concerning their level of interrogative suggestibility. The most widely used measure for this is the Gudjonsson Suggestibility Scale (GSS, Gudjonsson 1997), which has two parallel forms (GSS 1 and GSS 2). However, the GSS relates to a verbally presented narrative, not to a visual event, as is more common to witness situations. Methods The present study adapted the scale's format so that the questions referred to a video-taped incident that had been viewed 24 h earlier by men and women with mild intellectual disabilities (n = 47) and their ,general population' counterparts (n = 38). Results The pattern of results was identical to that typically obtained using the GSS in that: (1) compared with their general population counterparts, the participants with intellectual disabilities were more suggestible because of their vulnerability to the ,misleading questions'; (2) suggestibility scores correlated with the participants' verbal recall of the incident, and (3) both participants with intellectual disabilities and their general population counterparts who were misled by questions in the form of two false alternatives were more likely to select the latter option. Conclusions The implications of these findings for psychological assessments of potential witnesses are discussed. [source] When Cross-Examination Offends: How Men and Women Assess Intrusive Questioning of Male and Female Expert WitnessesJOURNAL OF APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 4 2010Bridget A. Larson Personally intrusive questioning during cross-examination has become commonplace. The differential impact of this questioning on female vs. male experts was the focus in this study, thus these questions are referred to as gender-intrusive questions. The results demonstrated that the female expert was rated as less confident, trustworthy, likable, believable, and credible than the male expert. The male and female experts were both rated as more credible, trustworthy, and believable when subjected to gender-intrusive questions. Furthermore, the use of these questions left the jurors with a negative impression of the prosecuting attorney and his case. Jury members were more likely to believe that the evidence exhibited the most support for the defense's case when the witness was subjected to gender-intrusive questioning. [source] Roger Kennedy, Psychotherapists as Expert Witnesses: Families at Breaking PointJOURNAL OF FAMILY THERAPY, Issue 1 2006Colin Luger No abstract is available for this article. [source] ,Robust and Raring to Go?', Judges' Perceptions of Child WitnessesJOURNAL OF LAW AND SOCIETY, Issue 4 2007Fiona E. Raitt This article explores judicial perceptions of child witnesses. It considers the impact of recent legislation in England and Wales as well as in Scotland which classified all child witnesses as vulnerable and introduced a series of special measures to facilitate children's evidence. The article reports the findings of an empirical research study conducted with the judiciary in Scotland which suggests that judicial perceptions of child witnesses extend across a complex spectrum where a child may be viewed as vulnerable but is also likely to be seen as suggestible, reliable or resilient. The article advances two propositions. First, that the statutory conceptualization of children as invariably vulnerable has not displaced established beliefs concerning children's suggestibility and therefore has made little difference to perceptions of their ability to produce reliable testimony. Second, that focusing on children's potential for resilience rather than their vulnerability may prove a more productive conceptualization of children, one which could better support their capability as witnesses. [source] "Jehovah Will Provide": Lillian Gobitas and Freedom of ReligionJOURNAL OF SUPREME COURT HISTORY, Issue 2 2004James F. Van Orden In 1935, twelve-year-old Lillian Gobitas and her siblings heard the words of Joseph Rutherford, the head of the Jehovah's Witness group the Watchtower Society, on the radio in their kitchen. He implored Witnesses to refuse to salute the American flag since it amounted to the worship of a false idol, which violated the law of God as set forth in the Bible.1 Rutherford made reference to the courage of Witnesses in Germany who refused to salute Hitler in the face of the unbelievable oppressions of the Nazi regime and similarly called for American Witnesses to refuse to salute the flag. It was a message that struck a chord with Lillian Gobitas. [source] Safety of cardiac surgery without blood transfusion: a retrospective study in Jehovah's Witness patientsANAESTHESIA, Issue 4 2010S. R. El Azab Summary The aim of this retrospective study was to compare the utilisation of blood products and outcomes following cardiac surgery for 123 Jehovah's Witnesses and 4219 non-Jehovah's Witness patient controls. The study took place over a 7-year period at the Amphia Hospital in Breda, the Netherlands. A specific protocol was used in the management of Jehovah's Witness patients, while the control group received blood without restriction according to their needs. Patients' characteristics were comparable in both groups. Pre-operatively, the mean (SD) Euro Score was higher in the Jehovah's Witness group (3.2 (2.6) vs 2.7 (2.5), respectively; p < 0.02). Pre-operative haemoglobin concentration was higher in the Jehovah's Witness group (8.9 (0.7) vs 8.6 (0.9) g.dl,1, respectively; p < 0.001). The total cardiopulmonary bypass time did not differ between groups. The requirement for allogenic blood transfusion was 0% in the Jehovah's Witness group compared to 65% in the control group. Postoperatively, there was a lower incidence of Q-wave myocardial infarction (2 (1.8%) vs 323 (7.7%), respectively; p < 0.02), and non Q-wave infarction (11 (9.8%) vs 559 (13.2%), respectively; p < 0.02) in the Jehovah's Witness group compared with controls. Mean (SD) length of stay in the intensive care unit (2.3 (3.2) vs 2.6 (4.2) days; p = 0.26), re-admission rate to the intensive care unit (5 (4.5%) vs 114 (2.7%); p = 0.163), and mortality (3 (2.7%) vs 65 (1.5%); p = 0.59), did not differ between the Jehovah's Witness and control groups, respectively. [source] Jehovah's Witnesses: who or what defines ,best interests'ANAESTHESIA, Issue 1 2007R. Carter No abstract is available for this article. [source] Do weapons automatically capture attention?APPLIED COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 7 2006Kerri L. Pickel Two experiments explored whether weapons automatically capture attention or whether eyewitnesses can overcome the weapon focus effect if so instructed. Witnesses heard a lecture that either instructed them to attend to the target individual and avoid fixating on the weapon or presented unrelated information. Subsequently, they observed the target carrying either a weapon or a book and attempted to remember his appearance. Control witnesses reported fewer correct and more incorrect details when he carried a weapon rather than the book. However, the reports of educated witnesses did not differ between object conditions. Additionally, witnesses' ability to avoid weapon focus was unaffected by weapon unusualness and elevated arousal levels, and control witnesses provided better descriptions of the weapon than the book. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] The role of perceptual elaboration and individual differences in the creation of false memories for suggested eventsAPPLIED COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 3 2001Sarah B. Drivdahl Witnesses who are exposed to false or misleading information in the course of an investigation are often asked follow-up questions designed to elicit more detailed information about the alleged objects/events. The results of the present study showed that pressing witnesses to elaborate on the perceptual characteristics of suggested events increased false memory for these events. Specifically, participants who were asked about the perceptual details of suggested events (e.g. their location, physical appearance, etc.) were much more likely to later claim they ,definitely' remembered witnessing the fictions events than participants who were exposed to the same suggestions but were not probed about additional perceptual details. In addition, the present study examined the role of individual difference variables in susceptibility to suggestion. The results showed that scores on the Tellegen Absorption Scale (but not the Dissociative Experiences Scale and the Creative Imagination Scale) were correlated with susceptibility to false memory in this paradigm. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||