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Wires
Kinds of Wires Terms modified by Wires Selected AbstractsMagnetohydrodynamic Simulation of Tungsten Wire in Wire-Array Z PinchCONTRIBUTIONS TO PLASMA PHYSICS, Issue 2 2010D.-K. Kim Abstract The magnetohydrodynamic behavior of tungsten wire ablating in wire-array Z pinch discharge on MAGPIE is simulated in a two-dimensional fine-grid domain using the GORGON code. A nonideal resistivity model has been implemented in the simulation to obtain plasma transport coefficients in the high density regime along with a screened hydrogenic model to calculate the radiative cooling. Starting from the initial state of warm dense plasma, the evolution of ablated wire is demonstrated to show its explosion and implosion dynamics as a function of discharge time and then the computed profile of electron density is compared with the contour lines reproduced from the measurement by a laser interferometer during the early stage of discharge. The comparison overall shows a fair agreement in terms of the magnitude and the profile shape while some discrepancies can be attributed to the simplified description of the internal wire core physics (© 2010 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) [source] Reversible, Fine Performance Tuning of an Organometallic Molecular Wire by Addition, Ligand Replacement and Removal of Dicobalt FragmentsEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF INORGANIC CHEMISTRY, Issue 23 2010Yuya Tanaka Abstract Communication between the two iron centres in (dithienylethyne)diyl complex 1 can be finely tuned by reversible addition to, ligand replacement at and removal from the C,C moiety in 1 of dicobalt fragments Co2(CO)n(PR3)6,n. Performance analysis reveals that disparate mechanisms are in operation for the two systems. In the case of the dicobalt adducts, indirect communication via the dicobalt steppingstone can be finely tuned by controlling the electronic structure of the dicobalt unit. [source] Provisional Prosthetic Management of Mobile Teeth in Conjunction with a Removable Partial Denture Using Orthodontic WireJOURNAL OF PROSTHODONTICS, Issue 7 2009Won-suk Oh DDS Abstract Precision attachment-retained removable partial dentures eliminate the use of visible clasps and improve the esthetic appearance of the smile; however, terminal abutment teeth may be subject to unfavorable stresses under function when misused. A provisional prosthetic management technique that incorporates an orthodontic wire to assist cross-arch support and stability of the periodontally weakened abutment teeth is described. This technique is simple, reversible, does not alter the esthetic appearance of the smile, and controls the mobility of the abutment teeth until a definitive treatment plan is established. [source] Guest Editorial: What Happens When a Live Wire Hits the Dead Beat?THE JOURNAL OF POPULAR CULTURE, Issue 2 20092008), Studs Terkel (191, the Challenge of Obituary Writing First page of article [source] Linear Trimer of Diruthenium Linked by Butadiyn-Diyl Units: A Unique Electronic Wire,ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE, Issue 5 2010Jie-Wen Ying Dr. Die starke elektronische Delokalisierung in der Titelverbindung (Ru,rot, C,grün, N,blau, O,violett), die durch voltammetrische, spektroskopische und magnetische Daten belegt wird, macht sie zu einem molekularen Draht. [source] Hospital Patient Safety Levels among Healthcare's "Most Wired" InstitutionsJOURNAL FOR HEALTHCARE QUALITY, Issue 2 2010Feliciano Yu Abstract: Our study compared adverse patient safety events among hospitals that have received the distinction "Most Wired" as rated by the Hospital and Health Network publication versus comparison hospitals. Risk-adjusted Patient Safety Indicators (PSIs) were calculated for 558 general adult medical/surgical hospitals participating in the Agency for Healthcare Quality and Research's Nationwide Inpatient Sample. When compared using mean risk-adjusted PSI rates, no significant differences in performance for specific PSIs were observed between hospitals affiliated with the "Most Wired" label and those without the designation using objective measures of safety. [source] Densely Packed Arrays of Ultra-High-Aspect-Ratio Silicon Nanowires Fabricated using Block-Copolymer Lithography and Metal-Assisted EtchingADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS, Issue 15 2009Shih-Wei Chang Abstract Metal-assisted etching is used in conjunction with block-copolymer lithography to create ordered and densely-packed arrays of high-aspect-ratio single-crystal silicon nanowires with uniform crystallographic orientations. Nanowires with diameters and spacings down to 19,nm and 10,nm, respectively, are created as either continuous carpets or as carpets within trenches. Wires with aspect ratios up to 220 are fabricated, and capillary-induced clustering of wires is eliminated through post-etching critical point drying. The wires are single crystals with ,100, axis directions. The distribution of wire diameters is narrow and closely follows the size distribution of the block copolymer, with a standard deviation of 3.12,nm for wires of mean diameters 22.06,nm. Wire arrays formed in carpets and in channels have hexagonal order with good fidelity to the block copolymer pattern. Fabrication of wires in topographic features demonstrates the ability to accurately control wire placement. Wire arrays made using this new process will have applications in the creation of arrays of photonic and sensing devices. [source] Synthesis and Optoelectronic Properties of Nonpolar Polyrotaxane Insulated Molecular Wires with High Solubility in Organic Solvents,ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS, Issue 21 2008Michael J. Frampton Abstract Hydrophilic polyanionic conjugated polyrotaxanes are readily synthesized in water by Suzuki coupling, but their high polarity and ionic nature limit the potential applications of these materials. Here, we demonstrate three methods for transforming these polar polyelectrolytes into nonpolar lipophilic insulated molecular wires. A water-soluble polyfluorene- alt -biphenylene ,-cyclodextrin (CD) polyrotaxane was converted into nonpolar derivatives by methylation of the carboxylic acid groups with diazomethane and conversion of the hydroxyl groups of the CDs to benzyl ethers, trihexylsilyl ethers, benzoyl esters, and butanoate esters to yield polyrotaxanes that are soluble in organic solvents such as chloroform and cyclohexane. Elemental analysis, NMR spectroscopy, and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) data support the proposed structures of the organic-soluble polyrotaxanes. The extents of reaction of the polyrotaxane CD hydroxyl groups were 55% for trihexylsilyl chloride/imidazole; 81% for benzyl chloride/sodium hydride; 72% for benzoyl chloride/pyridine/4-dimethylaminopyridine; and 98% butanoic anhydride/pyridine/4-dimethylaminopyridine. Alkylation, silylation, and esterification increase the bulk of the encapsulating sheath, preventing interstrand aggregation, increasing the photoluminescence efficiency in the solid state and simplifying the time-resolved fluorescence decay. The organic-soluble polyrotaxanes were processed into polymer light-emitting diodes (PLEDs) from solution in nonpolar organic solvents, thereby excluding ionic impurities from the active layer. [source] Embedded Shape-Memory Alloy Wires for Improved Performance of Self-Healing PolymersADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS, Issue 17 2008Eva L. Kirkby No abstract is available for this article. [source] Embedded Shape-Memory Alloy Wires for Improved Performance of Self-Healing Polymers,ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS, Issue 15 2008Eva L. Kirkby Abstract We report the first measurements of self-healing polymers with embedded shape-memory alloy (SMA) wires. The addition of SMA wires shows improvements of healed peak fracture loads by up to a factor of 1.6, approaching the performance of the virgin material. Moreover, the repairs can be achieved with reduced amounts of healing agent. The improvements in performance are due to two main effects: (i) crack closure, which reduces the total crack volume and increases the crack fill factor for a given amount of healing agent and (ii) heating of the healing agent during polymerization, which increases the degree of cure of the polymerized healing agent. [source] Resonant Tunneling Processes along Conjugated Molecular Wires: A Quantum-Chemical DescriptionADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS, Issue 11-12 2002Y. Karzazi Abstract Molecular electronics research is a very active area in the field of nanotechnology. It is now well established that individual or self-assembled molecules can behave as nanoscopic switches in transistor and diode configurations. Molecular wires inserted into nanopores and contacted by two metallic electrodes can also be used as active elements for the fabrication of resonant tunneling diodes (RTDs). The RTD current/voltage (I/V) characteristics can display a negative differential resistance (NDR) behavior (i.e., a negative slope in the I/V curve) for reasons that are not yet fully understood. Here we describe a possible mechanism at the quantum-chemical level that is based on conformational effects and accounts for the experimental observation of strong NDR signatures in substituted phenylene ethynylene oligomers. The occurrence of a peak current in the I/V curves is rationalized by analyzing the evolution of the one-electron structure of the molecular wires upon application of a static electric field aligned along the molecular axis (the field simulates the driving voltage applied between the two electrodes in the RTD devices). The results of our calculations provide a general basis to develop strategies for the design of molecular wires displaying an NDR behavior. [source] Pulsed Vapor-Liquid-Solid Growth of Antimony Selenide and Antimony Sulfide NanowiresADVANCED MATERIALS, Issue 31 2009Ren Bin Yang Antimony sulfide and antimony selenide nanowires are prepared in an original pulsed vapor-liquid-solid growth mode. The molecular precursors are not mixed together in the gas phase; therefore the chemical reaction forming the solid only occurs in the gold catalyst. The material is stoichiometric and highly crystalline. Wires consisting of Sb2S3 and Sb2Se3 segments can be obtained with the same process. [source] Silicon Surface-Bound Redox-Active Conjugated Wires Derived From Mono- and Dinuclear Iron(II) and Ruthenium(II) Oligo(phenyleneethynylene) Complexes,ADVANCED MATERIALS, Issue 10 2008Nicolas Gauthier Electron-rich mononuclear Fe(II) or dinuclear Fe(II)/Ru(II) acetylide complexes are photochemically grafted onto hydrogenated silicon surfaces following a simple and mild one-step procedure. The monolayers of redox-active organometallics that are formed exhibit efficient electrical communication between their bound metallic centers and the silicon surface through interfacial SiC bonds. [source] Progress in Nanoengineered Microstructures for Tunable High-Current, High-Temperature Superconducting Wires,ADVANCED MATERIALS, Issue 3 2008G. Holesinger Abstract High critical current densities (Jc) in thick films of the Y1Ba2Cu3O7,, (YBCO, Tc , 92 K) superconductor directly depend upon the types of nanoscale defects and their densities within the films. A major challenge for developing a viable wire technology is to introduce nanoscale defect structures into the YBCO grains of the thick film suitable for flux pinning and the tailoring of the superconducting properties to specific, application-dependent, temperature and magnetic field conditions. Concurrently, the YBCO film needs to be integrated into a macroscopically defect-free conductor in which the grain-to-grain connectivity maintains levels of inter-grain Jc that are comparable to the intra-grain Jc. That is, high critical current (Ic) YBCO coated conductors must contain engineered inhomogeneities on the nanoscale, while being homogeneous on the macroscale. An analysis is presented of the advances in high-performance YBCO coated-conductors using chemical solution deposition (CSD) based on metal trifluoroacetates and the subsequent processing to nano-engineer the microstructure for tuneable superconducting wires. Multi-scale structural, chemical, and electrical investigations of the CSD film processes, thick film development, key microstructural features, and wire properties are presented. Prospects for further development of much higher Ic wires for large-scale, commercial application are discussed within the context of these recent advances. [source] Synthesis of Ideal AM-6 and Elucidation of V4+ -to-O Charge Transfer in Vanadate Quantum Wires,ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE, Issue 29 2010Jit Datta, Shuvo Der Vanadosilicat-Zeolith AM-6 mit einer dreidimensionalen Anordnung von Vanadat(VIVO32,)-Quantendrähten (siehe Bild) wurde in Form hochwertiger Kristalle (frei von VV, Titanosilicat-Kristallkeimen und organischen Templatkationen in den Poren) aus preiswertem V2O5 hergestellt. Die lineare Abhängigkeit von ,max und der Bandlückenenergie Eg von der Partialladung der O-Atome zeigt, dass die UV-Bande von AM-6 auf einen Metall-Ligand-Ladungstransfer von VIV zu O zurückgeht. [source] In Situ Stepwise Synthesis of Functional Multijunction Molecular Wires on Gold Electrodes and Gold Nanoparticles,ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE, Issue 20 2010Geoffrey Höchst wirksam: Das Aufreihen von elektronenschiebenden und -ziehenden Komponenten, die durch eine ,-Elektronenbrücke getrennt sind, hat zum höchsten bisher mit einer molekularen Diode erreichten Gleichrichterverhältnis geführt. [source] Helicate Extension as a Route to Molecular WiresCHEMISTRY - A EUROPEAN JOURNAL, Issue 24 2008David Schultz Abstract We describe the preparation of a helicate containing four closely spaced, linearly arrayed copper(I) ions. This product may be prepared either directly by mixing copper(I) with a set of precursor amine and aldehyde subcomponents, or indirectly through the dimerization of a dicopper(I) helicate upon addition of 1,2-phenylenediamine. A notable feature of this helicate is that its length is not limited by the lengths of its precursor subcomponents: each of the two ligands wrapped around the four copper(I) centers contains one diamine, two dialdehyde, and two monoamine residues. This work thus paves the way for the preparation of longer oligo- and polymeric structures. DFT calculations and electrochemical measurements indicate a high degree of electronic delocalization among the metal ions forming the cores of the structures described herein, which may therefore be described as "molecular wires". [source] Electrochemically Assisted Fabrication of Metal Atomic Wires and Molecular Junctions by MCBJ and STM-BJ Methods,CHEMPHYSCHEM, Issue 13 2010Dr. Jing-Hua Tian Abstract Atomic wires (point contacts) and molecular junctions are two fundamental units in the fields of nanoelectronics and devices. This Minireview introduces our recent approaches aiming to develop versatile methods to fabricate and characterize these unique metallic and molecular structures reliably. Electrochemical methods are coupled with mechanically controllable break junction (EC-MCBJ) or scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) break junction (EC-STMBJ) methods to fabricate metallic point contacts and metal/molecule/metal junctions. With the designed electrodeposition method, the metal of interest (e.g. Au, Cu, Fe or Pd) is deposited in a controlled way on the original electrode pair, on a chip for MCBJ or on the STM tip, to make the metallic contact. Then, various metal atomic wires and molecular junctions can be fabricated and characterized systematically. Herein, we measured the quantized conductance through the construction of histograms of these metal atomic point contacts and of single molecules including benzene-1,4-dithiol (BDT), ferrocene-bisvinylphenylmethyl dithiol (Fc-VPM), 4,4,-bipyridine (BPY), 1,2-di(pyridin-4-yl)ethene (BPY-EE), and 1,2-di(pyridin-4-yl)ethane (BPY-EA). Finally, we briefly discussed the future of EC-MCBJ and EC-STM for nanoelectronics and devices, for example, for the formation of heterogeneous metal-based atomic point contacts and molecular junctions. [source] Magnetohydrodynamic Simulation of Tungsten Wire in Wire-Array Z PinchCONTRIBUTIONS TO PLASMA PHYSICS, Issue 2 2010D.-K. Kim Abstract The magnetohydrodynamic behavior of tungsten wire ablating in wire-array Z pinch discharge on MAGPIE is simulated in a two-dimensional fine-grid domain using the GORGON code. A nonideal resistivity model has been implemented in the simulation to obtain plasma transport coefficients in the high density regime along with a screened hydrogenic model to calculate the radiative cooling. Starting from the initial state of warm dense plasma, the evolution of ablated wire is demonstrated to show its explosion and implosion dynamics as a function of discharge time and then the computed profile of electron density is compared with the contour lines reproduced from the measurement by a laser interferometer during the early stage of discharge. The comparison overall shows a fair agreement in terms of the magnitude and the profile shape while some discrepancies can be attributed to the simplified description of the internal wire core physics (© 2010 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) [source] Heterogeneous Plasma-Producing Structures at Current Implosion of a Wire ArrayCONTRIBUTIONS TO PLASMA PHYSICS, Issue 8 2005E. V. Grabovsky Abstract Characteristic properties of the plasma production process have been considered for the case of megampere currents flowing through hollow cylindrical wire arrays of the Angara-5-1 facility. In 3-4 nanoseconds after voltage applying to the wire surfaces there appear a plasma layer. The system becomes heterogeneous, i.e. consisting of a kernel of metal wires and a plasma layer. In several nanoseconds the current flow goes from metal to plasma, which results in reducing the electric field strength along the wire. The Joule heat energy delivered to the metal before the moment of complete current trapping by plasma is insufficient for the whole mass transition to a hot plasma state. The X-ray radiography techniques made it possible to detect and study dense clusters of substance of ,1g/cm3 at a developed discharge stage. The radial expansion velocity of ,104 cm/s measured at the 70-th nanosecond after the current start allows treating the dense core at a late stage in the form of a submicron heterogeneous structure from its liquid and slightly ionized gas phase. (© 2005 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) [source] Crown fragment reattachment: report of an extensive case with intra-canal anchorageDENTAL TRAUMATOLOGY, Issue 2 2010Gustavo M. S. Oliveira Initially, the fractured crown was splinted to the adjacent teeth with orthodontic wire and composite resin. Subsequently, the crown fragment was reattached by means of a fiber post using a hybrid composite resin. Early stage success was achieved with the observance of normality in function, esthetics, and health of the tooth and surrounding periodontal structures. An athletic mouthguard was fabricated to prevent further trauma. Advantages, disadvantages, and prognosis of the treatment presented are discussed. [source] Influence of surgical repositioning of mature permanent dog teeth following experimental intrusion: a histologic assessmentDENTAL TRAUMATOLOGY, Issue 6 2002R. F. Cunha Abstract,,, The aim of this study was to evaluate, through histologic examination, the effect of surgical repositioning of intruded dog teeth upon the pulpal and surrounding tissues. Thirty teeth in 10 adult dogs, aged 2,3 years, were used. Fifteen teeth were intruded, surgically repositioned and fixed using orthodontics wire, composite resin, and enamel acid conditioning. All these teeth served as the experimental group. The remaining intruded teeth were not treated (control group). The animals were sacrificed to allow observations at 7, 15, and 30 post-operative days. The maxillary and mandibular archs were removed and processed for histologic exam. Based on the methodology and observed results, we concluded that: pulpal necrosis, external root resorption and ankylosis were common sequelae to severe traumatic intrusion; a careful immediate surgical repositioning of severed intruded permanent tooth with complete root formation has many advantages with few disadvantages. [source] Healing of 208 intraalveolar root fractures in patients aged 7,17 yearsDENTAL TRAUMATOLOGY, Issue 2 2001Miomir Cvek Abstract , This retrospective study consisted of 208 root-fractured, 168 splinted and 40 not splinted incisors in young individuals (aged 7,17 years) treated in the period 1959,1973 at the Pedodontic Department, Eastman Institute, Stockholm. Clinical and radiographic analyses showed that 69 teeth (33%) had developed hard tissue (fusion) healing of fragments. Interposition of periodontal ligament (PDL) and bone between the fragments was found in 17 teeth (8%). Interposition of PDL alone was found in 74 teeth (36%). Finally, non-healing with pulp necrosis and inflammatory changes between fragments was seen in 48 teeth (23%). Various clinical factors were analyzed for their relationship to the healing outcome with respect to healing/no healing and type of healing (hard tissue versus interposition of bone and/or PDL). Immature root and positive pulp sensitivity at time of injury was found to be significantly related to both pulp healing and hard tissue repair of the fracture. The same applied to concussion or subluxation of the coronal fragment compared to luxation with displacement (extrusive or lateral luxation). This relation was also represented by the variable millimeter diastasis between fragments before and after repositioning. Repositioning appeared to enhance the likelihood of both pulp healing and hard tissue repair. A positive effect of splinting, splinting methods (cap splints or orthodontic bands with an arch wire) or splinting periods could not be demonstrated on either pulp healing or type of healing (hard tissue versus interposition of bone and/or PDL). In conclusion, the findings from this retrospective study have cast doubts on the efficacy of long-term splinting and the types of splint used for root fracture healing. It is suggested that the role of splinting and splinting methods be examined in further studies. [source] Newly Developed Ultrasonic Probe With Ropeway System for Transpapillary Intraductal Ultrasonography of the Bilio,Pancreatic Ductal SystemDIGESTIVE ENDOSCOPY, Issue 3 2000Naotaka Fujita Background: Intraductal ultrasonography of the bile/pancreatic duct using a thin-caliber ultrasonic probe (IDUS) provides excellent images of these ducts and the surrounding structures. Insertion of the device through the papilla of Vater is essential to carry out this examination. We developed a new probe with a ropeway system (XUM5RG-29R; Olympus, Tokyo) for transpapillary IDUS. Its usefulness such as ease of application and safety were prospectively evaluated. Patients and methods: During the period of October 1997 to April 1998, transpapillary IDUS using the probe was performed in 194 patients at seven medical institutions. The success rates of insertion of the probe into the bile/pancreatic duct, observation of the area of interest, and the incidence of complications were evaluated. Results: Passage of the probe through the papilla was successful without difficulty in all the patients. Successful introduction of the probe into the pancreatic duct, bile duct and both of the ducts was achieved in 98.4, 100 and 85% of the patients, respectively. Once the probe was introduced into the aimed duct, it was possible to obtain IDUS images of the area of interest in all but five patients. Mild acute pancreatitis developed in eight patients (4.1%), all of whom recovered with conservative therapy only. Conclusions: It is possible to introduce the new ultrasonic probe into the desired duct once a guide wire has been inserted. This type of ultrasonic probe is quite useful when performing transpapillary IDUS of the bile and/or pancreatic duct. [source] A new endoscopic technique for suspension of esophageal prosthesis for refractory caustic esophageal stricturesDISEASES OF THE ESOPHAGUS, Issue 3 2008E. Ancona SUMMARY., There is no clear consensus concerning the best endoscopic treatment of benign refractory esophageal strictures due to caustic ingestion. Different procedures are currently used: frequent multiple dilations, retrievable self-expanding stent, nasogastric intubation and surgery. We describe a new technique to fix a suspended esophageal silicone prosthesis to the neck in benign esophageal strictures; this permits us to avoid the frequent risk of migration of the expandable metallic or plastic stents. Under general anesthesia a rigid esophagoscope was placed in the patient's hypopharynx. Using transillumination from the optical device, the patient's neck was pierced with a needle. A n.0 monofilament surgical wire was pushed into the needle, grasped by a standard foreign body forceps through the esophagoscope and pulled out of the mouth (as in percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy procedure). After tying the proximal end of the silicone prosthesis with the wire, it was placed through the strictures under endoscopic view. This procedure was successfully utilized in four patients suffering from benign refractory esophageal strictures due to caustic ingestion. The prosthesis and its suspension from the neck were well-tolerated until removal (mean duration 4 months). A postoperative transitory myositis was diagnosed in only one patient. One of the most frequent complications of esophageal prostheses in refractory esophageal strictures due to caustic ingestion is distal migration. Different solutions were proposed. For example the suspension of a wire coming from the nose and then fixed behind the ear. This solution is not considered optimal because of patient complaints and moreover the aesthetic aspect is compromised. The procedure we utilized in four patients utilized the setting of a silicone tube hanging from the neck in a way similar to that of endoscopic pharyngostomy. This solution is a valid alternative both for quality of life and for functional results. [source] Algorithms for time synchronization of wireless structural monitoring sensorsEARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING AND STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS, Issue 6 2005Ying Lei Abstract Dense networks of wireless structural health monitoring systems can effectively remove the disadvantages associated with current wire-based sparse sensing systems. However, recorded data sets may have relative time-delays due to interference in radio transmission or inherent internal sensor clock errors. For structural system identification and damage detection purposes, sensor data require that they are time synchronized. The need for time synchronization of sensor data is illustrated through a series of tests on asynchronous data sets. Results from the identification of structural modal parameters show that frequencies and damping ratios are not influenced by the asynchronous data; however, the error in identifying structural mode shapes can be significant. The results from these tests are summarized in Appendix A. The objective of this paper is to present algorithms for measurement data synchronization. Two algorithms are proposed for this purpose. The first algorithm is applicable when the input signal to a structure can be measured. The time-delay between an output measurement and the input is identified based on an ARX (auto-regressive model with exogenous input) model for the input,output pair recordings. The second algorithm can be used for a structure subject to ambient excitation, where the excitation cannot be measured. An ARMAV (auto-regressive moving average vector) model is constructed from two output signals and the time-delay between them is evaluated. The proposed algorithms are verified with simulation data and recorded seismic response data from multi-story buildings. The influence of noise on the time-delay estimates is also assessed. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Study of corrosion resistance improvement by metallic coating for overhead transmission line conductorELECTRICAL ENGINEERING IN JAPAN, Issue 1 2008Masanori Isozaki Abstract Applying anticorrosion grease and aluminum-clad steel (AC) wires to ACSR have been adopted as general methods to protect overhead transmission line conductors and/or wires from corrosion. However, in some cases those means have been found to be ineffective on some transmission lines passing through acid atmosphere in the vicinity of a factory exhausting acid smoke. The corrosion caused by acid atmosphere is characterized by a higher speed in its progress as is well known. As means against such acid corrosion, application of high-purity aluminum, selective removal of intermetallic compound in aluminum, and plastic coating wires have been reported before, and each has both advantages and disadvantages. In a former report, we found that a new type of anticorrosion grease shows an excellent property against acid atmosphere as well as in a salty condition. Here we present a new type of anticorrosion technology of applying high-corrosion-resistance aluminum alloy or zinc coatings on each component wire of a conductor that we succeeded in developing through a serial study of anticorrosion methods on overhead transmission lines. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 163(1): 41,47, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20365 [source] Characteristics of creeping discharge along aerial insulated wire under impulse voltages with various wave front durationsELECTRICAL ENGINEERING IN JAPAN, Issue 3 2007Toshiyuki Nishi Abstract When lightning occurs in the neighborhood of outdoor high-voltage distribution lines, creeping discharges propagate along the wire surface from the binding wire tip just after insulator flashover. These discharges give rise to various faults on distribution lines, for instance, disconnection and melting of wire, punch-through breakdown, and so on. We must clarify the creeping discharge characteristics associated with various inductive lightning surges from the viewpoint of safety in high-voltage distribution systems. In our previous paper, it was reported that the lengths and aspects of the negative creeping discharges were influenced by the wave front durations of impulse voltages applied to the central line with a grounded binding wire. The present study was performed to obtain more information on such creeping discharges. This paper describes the distinctive characteristics of a creeping discharge along the insulated wire surface when impulse voltages with various wave front durations are applied to the binding wire. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 158(3): 29,37, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20430 [source] Fabrication of Nanoporous Copper Film for Electrochemical Detection of GlucoseELECTROANALYSIS, Issue 21 2009Sirilak Sattayasamitsathit Abstract A nanoporous copper film was fabricated on a copper wire by electrodeposition of copper/zinc alloy and chemically etching of zinc. The surface morphology was investigated by SEM. When applied to detect glucose in an amperometric flow injection system the porous copper electrode provided 12 times higher sensitivity than solid copper. It could be continuously used up to 50 times (%RSD=5.7). Different preparations of the porous film provided reproducible responses (P<0.05). Detection of glucose in E. coli cultivation medium compared well with spectrophotometric technique (P<0.05). This simple technique can produce a nanoporous electrode with good performances and can easily be applied to other metals and analytes. [source] Separation and Detection of Nitrophenols at Capillary Electrophoresis Microchips with Amperometric DetectionELECTROANALYSIS, Issue 2 2006Jan Fischer Abstract A miniaturized analytical system for the separation and amperometric detection of toxic nitrophenols, based on the coupling of a micromachined capillary electrophoresis (CE) chip with a glassy carbon detector is described. This microsystem enables a rapid (120,s/sample) simultaneous determination of five priority nitrophenolic pollutants (2-nitrophenol, 3-nitrophenol, 4-nitrophenol, 2,4-dinitrophenol, and 2-methyl-4,6-dinitrophenol). These compounds can be detected down to the 1×10,5,M level using a 15,mM phosphate buffer pH,7.2 (containing 1.3,mM ,-cyclodextrin) as running solution on 77,mm long microchannel by applying a separation voltage of 3000,V and a negative potential of ,0.7,V (vs. Ag /AgCl wire). Applicability to ground water samples was demonstrated. [source] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||