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White Controls (white + control)
Selected AbstractsPrevalence of adrenal androgen excess in patients with the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY, Issue 6 2005Ashim Kumar Summary Objective, To determine the prevalence of adrenal androgen (AA) excess in the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) using age- and race-specific normative values. Design, Cross-sectional observational study. Patients, One hundred and eight-two (88 Black and 94 White) age-matched healthy eumenorrhoeic nonhirsute women (controls) and 213 (27 Black and 186 White) women with PCOS were recruited. Measurements, Total testosterone (T), free T, androstenedione (A4), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) and SHBG, as well as fasting insulin and glucose, were measured in plasma. Results, The mean total T, free T, A4, DHEAS and body mass index (BMI) were higher in women with PCOS than in control women. DHEAS levels were significantly lower in Black controls than White controls, whereas fasting insulin and BMI were higher in Black controls. In control and Black PCOS women, DHEAS levels did not correlate with BMI, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) or fasting insulin. Among White women with PCOS, DHEAS levels correlated negatively with BMI and fasting insulin. DHEAS levels decreased similarly with age in control and PCOS women of either race. For each race and age group the upper 95% normative values for log DHEAS was calculated, and the number of PCOS subjects with log DHEAS values above this level were assessed. The prevalence of supranormal DHEAS levels was 33·3% and 19·9%, respectively, among Black and White women with PCOS. Conclusions, The prevalence of DHEAS excess is approximately 20% among White and 30% among Black PCOS patients, when using age- and race-adjusted normative values. This study also indicates that the age-associated decline in DHEAS levels is observable and similar in both control and PCOS women, regardless of race. While BMI and fasting insulin had little impact on circulating DHEAS levels in healthy women, among White PCOS patients these parameters were negatively associated with circulating DHEAS levels. [source] COMPARATIVE STUDY OF EGG WHITE PROTEIN AND EGG ALTERNATIVES USED IN AN ANGEL FOOD CAKE SYSTEMJOURNAL OF FOOD PROCESSING AND PRESERVATION, Issue 2010MAHMOUD ABU-GHOUSH ABSTRACT Comparisons of the physical and sensory properties of several commercial egg alternatives in angel food cake formulation were studied. Fourteen samples were investigated for foaming properties at 10 and 20 min whipping time: collagen, Cryogel gelatin, Solugel collagen hydroysates, gelatin, whey protein concentrate, fish protein, whey protein isolate (95% WPI, 90%WPI), hydrolyzed whey protein isolate, pea protein, rice protein concentrate, soy protein, corn zein and casein. However, only eight samples showed potential and were moved forward for further evaluation. Only the WPI alternative was able to maintain a meringue during baking. All other foams collapsed during the baking process. The angel food cake formulated with WPI exhibited a significantly firmer crust and crumb compared with the egg white control. The L value, height and volume of control cake were also significantly higher than the egg alternative. The control significantly outperformed the angel food cake formulated with the egg alternative in all sensory categories evaluated. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS The egg alternatives were used to replace egg as a functional ingredient in angel cake productions. These alternatives can deliver functionality at a lower cost and can be incorporated to produce a suitable angle cake, especially whey protein isolate (WPI). These results may help producers in formulating angle cake that rely on WPI as an egg alternative. [source] Racial Differences in Stage and Survival in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma,THE LARYNGOSCOPE, Issue 5 2007Anthony C. Nichols MD Abstract Objectives: The goal of this study was to characterize differences in survival between black patients and white patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNSCCA). Design: Cases of oral tongue and glottic SCCA in black patients or white patients were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database (years 1988,2002). For each primary site, TNM staging was imputed, and staging distributions were compared between races. For each black patient, a randomly selected white control was matched for age at diagnosis, sex, stage, surgical treatment, and radiation. Kaplan-Meier survival comparisons for both overall and disease-specific survival were then conducted for the matched pairs. Results: From 1,919 cases of carcinoma of the oral tongue, those of 151 black and 1,768 white patients were extracted. Black patients had a significantly elevated T stage (P = .001) and N stage (P = .002) at primary presentation. Of glottic carcinoma, 4,578 cases (625 black and 3,953 white patients) were extracted. Black patients again presented with significantly elevated T stage (P < .001) and N stage (P < .001) compared with white patients. For 43 matched pairs with tongue carcinoma, mean overall survival for black patients was 66.1 months versus 74.8 months for matched white controls (P = .502, log-rank test). Disease-specific survival was 91.1 months for black patients versus 109.6 months for white patients (P = .168). For 401 matched pairs with glottic carcinoma, mean overall survival for black patients was 96.6 months versus 114.5 months for white controls (P < .001). Similarly, the mean disease-specific survival was 149.4 months for black patients versus 167.1 months for white patients (P < .001) Conclusion: Controlling for stage and treatment, black patients demonstrate poorer overall and disease-specific survival with SCCA, implying other intrinsic or extrinsic factors influencing survival. [source] Common Susceptibility Variants Examined for Association with Dilated CardiomyopathyANNALS OF HUMAN GENETICS, Issue 2 2010Evadnie Rampersaud Summary Rare mutations in more than 20 genes have been suggested to cause dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), but explain only a small percentage of cases, mainly in familial forms. We hypothesised that more common variants may also play a role in increasing genetic susceptibility to DCM, similar to that observed in other common complex disorders. To test this hypothesis, we performed case-control analyses on all DNA polymorphic variation identified in a resequencing study of six candidate DCM genes (CSRP3, LDB3, MYH7, SCN5A, TCAP, and TNNT2) conducted in 289 unrelated white probands with DCM of unknown cause and 188 unrelated white controls. In univariate analyses, we identified associated common variants at LDB3 site 10779, LDB3 site 57877, MYH7 sites 16384 and 17404, and TCAP sites 140 and 1735. Multivariate analyses to examine the joint effects of multiple gene variants confirmed univariate results for MYH7 and TCAP and identified a block of nine variants in MYH7 that was strongly associated with DCM. Common variants in genes known to be causative of DCM may play a role in genetic susceptibility to DCM. Our results suggest that examination of common genetic variants may be warranted in future studies of DCM and other Mendelian-like disorders. [source] Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene mutations and risk for pancreatic adenocarcinomaCANCER, Issue 1 2010Robert R. McWilliams MD Abstract BACKGROUND: Mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene are common in white persons and are associated with pancreatic disease. The purpose of this case-control study was to determine whether CFTR mutations confer a higher risk of pancreatic cancer. METHODS: In a case-control study, the authors compared the rates of 39 common cystic fibrosis-associated CFTR mutations between 949 white patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma and 13,340 white controls from a clinical laboratory database for prenatal testing for CFTR mutations. The main outcome measure was the CFTR mutation frequency in patients and controls. RESULTS: Overall, 50 (5.3%) of 949 patients with pancreatic cancer carried a common CFTR mutation versus 510 (3.8%) of 13,340 controls (odds ratio [OR], 1.40; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04-1.89; P = .027). Among patients who were younger when their disease was diagnosed (<60 years), the carrier frequency was higher than in controls (OR, 1.82; 95% CI, 1.14-2.94; P = .011). In patient-only analyses, the presence of a mutation was associated with younger age (median 62 vs 67 years; P = .034). In subgroups, the difference was seen only among ever-smokers (60 vs 65 years, P = .028). Subsequent sequencing analysis of the CFTR gene detected 8 (16%) compound heterozygotes among the 50 patients initially detected to have 1 mutation. CONCLUSIONS: Carrying a disease-associated mutation in CFTR is associated with a modest increase in risk for pancreatic cancer. Those affected appear to be diagnosed at a younger age, especially among smokers. Clinical evidence of antecedent pancreatitis was uncommon among both carriers and noncarriers of CFTR mutations. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society. [source] |