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Weber
Kinds of Weber Terms modified by Weber Selected AbstractsMise en scène: Cinéma et Lecture by KRUEGER, CHERYL LEAH, ELIZABETH DOLLY WEBER, & BRIGITTE G. MARTINMODERN LANGUAGE JOURNAL, Issue 2 2007JEAN MARIE SCHULTZ No abstract is available for this article. [source] THE INCOMPATIBILITY OF VALUES AND THE IMPORTANCE OF CONSEQUENCES: MAX WEBER AND THE KANTIAN LEGACYPHILOSOPHICAL FORUM, Issue 1-2 2010HANS HENRIK BRUUN First page of article [source] Max Weber on Democracy: Can the People Have Political Power in Modern States?CONSTELLATIONS: AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CRITICAL AND DEMOCRATIC THEORY, Issue 1 2008Tamsin Shaw First page of article [source] Max Weber on the Relation between Power Politics and Political IdealsCONSTELLATIONS: AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CRITICAL AND DEMOCRATIC THEORY, Issue 4 2007Marcus Llanque First page of article [source] Adiabatic bond charge model for lattice dynamics of ternary chalcopyrite semiconductorsCRYSTAL RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY, Issue 1 2006T. Gürel Abstract The adiabatic bond charge model of Rustagi and Weber is extended to study lattice dynamical properties of ternary chalcopyrite semiconductors AgGaS2, AgGaSe2, CuInS2, CuInSe2, CuGaS2, CuGaSe2, CuAlS2 and CuAlSe2. The new model calculations agree well with the results of Raman/IR and neutron measurements of Brillouin zone center phonon frequencies for both low and high frequency modes which was difficult for other phenomenological lattice dynamical models. (© 2005 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) [source] On the Existence of Pure Strategy Monotone Equilibria in Asymmetric First-Price AuctionsECONOMETRICA, Issue 4 2004Philip J. Reny We establish the existence of pure strategy equilibria in monotone bidding functions in first-price auctions with asymmetric bidders, interdependent values, and affiliated one-dimensional signals. By extending a monotonicity result due to Milgrom and Weber (1982), we show that single crossing can fail only when ties occur at winning bids or when bids are individually irrational. We avoid these problems by considering limits of ever finer finite bid sets such that no two bidders have a common serious bid, and by recalling that single crossing is needed only at individually rational bids. Two examples suggest that our results cannot be extended to multidimensional signals or to second-price auctions. [source] Ageing and unused capacity in Europe: is there an early retirement trap?ECONOMIC POLICY, Issue 59 2009Viola Angelini Summary We address the issue of how early retirement may interact with limited use of financial markets in producing financial hardship later in life, when some risks (such as long-term care) are not insured. We argue that the presence of financially attractive early retirement schemes in a world of imperfect financial and insurance markets can lead to an ,early retirement trap'. Indeed, Europe witnesses many (early) retired individuals in financial distress. In our analysis we use data on 10 European countries, which differ in their pension and welfare systems, in prevailing retirement age and in households' access to financial markets. We find evidence that an early retirement trap exists, particularly in some Southern and Central European countries: people who retired early in life are more likely to be in financial hardship in the long run. Our analysis implies that governments should stop making early retirement attractive, let retirees go back to work, improve access to financial markets and make sure long-term care problems are adequately insured. , Viola Angelini, Agar Brugiavini and Guglielmo Weber [source] Culture, Charisma, and Consciousness: The Case of the RajneesheeETHOS, Issue 4 2002Professor Charles Lindholm This article outlines the basics of a theory of charisma drawn from a synthesis of the classic texts of Weber, Marx, and Freud. This abstract theoretical perspective is then applied to an analysis of the charismatic religious cult led by Bhagwan Shree Rajneesh. Emphasis is placed on the methods used to inculcate loyalty infollowers and on the personal history and psychic capacities of the leader. [source] Cover Picture: (Adv. Eng.ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS, Issue 5 2010Mater. The INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials in Saarbruecken engages in fundamental and applied materials research-from a chemical, physical and biological perspective. The cover highlights examples of INM's research which is presented in this special issue. The front cover shows biomineralization using the example of crystals embedded in the outer tissue of onion bulbs (courtesy of Birgit Heiland, INM). The back side demonstrates an in situ adhesion experiment in a scanning electron microscope (courtesy of Andreas S. Schneider/Anika Weber, INM). [source] Potency and selectivity of inhibition of cathepsin K, L and S by their respective propeptidesFEBS JOURNAL, Issue 20 2000Jocelyne Guay The prodomains of several cysteine proteases of the papain family have been shown to be potent inhibitors of their parent enzymes. An increased interest in cysteine proteases inhibitors has been generated with potential therapeutic targets such as cathepsin K for osteoporosis and cathepsin S for immune modulation. The propeptides of cathepsin S, L and K were expressed as glutathione S -transferase-fusion proteins in Escherichia coli. The proteins were purified on glutathione affinity columns and the glutathione S -transferase was removed by thrombin cleavage. All three propeptides were tested for inhibitor potency and found to be selective within the cathepsin L subfamily (cathepsins K, L and S) compared with cathepsin B or papain. Inhibition of cathepsin K by either procathepsin K, L or S was time-dependent and occurred by an apparent one-step mechanism. The cathepsin K propeptide had a Ki of 3.6,6.3 nm for each of the three cathepsins K, L and S. The cathepsin L propeptide was at least a 240-fold selective inhibitor of cathepsin K (Ki = 0.27 nm) and cathepsin L (Ki = 0.12 nm) compared with cathepsin S (Ki = 65 nm). Interestingly, the cathepsin S propeptide was more selective for inhibition of cathepsin L (Ki = 0.46 nm) than cathepsin S (Ki = 7.6 nm) itself or cathepsin K (Ki = 7.0 nm). This is in sharp contrast to previously published data demonstrating that the cathepsin S propeptide is equipotent for inhibition of human cathepsin S and rat and paramecium cathepsin L [Maubach, G., Schilling, K., Rommerskirch, W., Wenz, I., Schultz, J.E., Weber, E. & Wiederanders, B. (1997), Eur J. Biochem. 250, 745,750]. These results demonstrate that limited selectivity of inhibition can be measured for the procathepsins K, L and S vs. the parent enzymes, but selective inhibition vs. cathepsin B and papain was obtained. [source] Work and Employment in Small Businesses: Perpetuating and Challenging Gender TraditionsGENDER, WORK & ORGANISATION, Issue 1 2000Susan Baines More and more women and men are becoming dependent on some form of small business activity for all or part of their livelihoods but there is little research offering insight into gender and working practices in small businesses. In this article we assess some theoretical approaches and discuss these against an empirical investigation of micro-firms run by women, men and mixed sex partnerships. In the ,entrepreneurship' literature, with its emphasis on the individual business owner, we find little guidance. We argue that in the ,modern' micro-business, family and work are brought into proximity as in the ,in between' organizational form described by Weber. The celebrated ,flexibility' of small firms often involves the reproduction within modernity of seemingly pre-modern practices in household organization and gender divisions of labour. This is true in the Britain of the 1990s in a growing business sector normally associated neither with tradition nor with the family. Tradition, however, is never automatic or uncontested in a ,post-traditional society'. A minority of women and men in micro-enterprises actively resist traditional solutions and even traditional imagery of male and female behaviour. For this small group alone new economic conditions seem to bring new freedom. [source] Fault interactions and subduction tectonics: a re-examination of the Weber, New Zealand, earthquake sequence of 1990GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL, Issue 3 2003Russell Robinson SUMMARY Two moderate magnitude (Mw= 6.2 and 6.4) earthquakes in the Hikurangi subduction margin, North Island, New Zealand, occurred 3 months apart in 1990. The epicentres are nearly coincident, but the first (Weber 1, primarily normal faulting) occurred within the subducting Pacific Plate (depth about 28 km) and the second (Weber 2, a mix of thrusting and right-lateral motion) occurred within the overlying Australian Plate (depth about 13 km), the plate interface in between. The plate interface is interpreted to be locked trenchward (SE) from about the position of these events, with a transition to aseismic slip further down-dip to the NW. Several stress interaction questions are examined. First, to see whether Weber 1 triggered Weber 2, a range of possible mainshock parameters are used to calculate induced changes in the static Coulomb failure stress (,CFS). In most cases the results are consistent with triggering. Secondly, previous work showed that the rate of aftershock occurrence for Weber 1 decreased markedly about 35 days before Weber 2, recovering afterwards. To see whether aseismic pre-slip on the Weber 2 fault, as predicted by rate and state friction, could be the cause of the decrease, the same fault parameters have been used in reverse. The results are ambiguous, some fault parameters giving results consistent with the hypothesis and others not. The amount of pre-slip required for significant inhibition, however, is about equal to that in the mainshock and distributed over the entire fault plane. Thirdly, observations of episodic, aseismic slip down-dip from locked sections of other plate interfaces are becoming more common. Could such slip have triggered both Weber events? The induced changes in CFS for such slip are uniformly positive on the Weber 1 fault plane, and mostly positive on the Weber 2 fault plane, so the answer is yes. Although there is no independent evidence for aseismic slip prior to the Weber sequence, this case shows that such slip may trigger events on other nearby faults, besides loading the locked section of the plate interface. Static stress triggering considerations are thus likely to be important in subduction environments. [source] 3. THE PUBLIC RELEVANCE OF HISTORICAL STUDIES: A REJOINDER TO HAYDEN WHITE,HISTORY AND THEORY, Issue 3 2005A. DIRK MOSES ABSTRACT Hayden White wants history to serve life by having it inspire an ethical consciousness, by which he means that in facing the existential questions of life, death, trauma, and suffering posed by human history, people are moved to formulate answers to them rather than to feel that they have no power to choose how they live. The ethical historian should craft narratives that inspire people to live meaningfully rather than try to provide explanations or reconstructions of past events that make them feel as if they cannot control their destiny. This Nietzschean-inspired vision of history is inadequate because it cannot gainsay that a genocidal vision of history is immoral. White may be right that cultural relativism results in cultural pluralism and toleration, but what if most people are not cultural relativists, and believe fervently in their right to specific lands at the expense of other peoples? White does not think historiography or perhaps any moral system can provide an answer. Is he right? This rejoinder argues that the communicative rationality implicit in the human sciences does provide norms about the moral use of history because it institutionalizes an intersubjectivity in which the use of the past is governed by norms of impartiality and fair-mindedness, and protocols of evidence based on honest research. Max Weber, equally influenced by Nietzsche, developed an alternative vision of teaching and research that is still relevant today. [source] Max Weber on Causal Analysis, Interpretation, and ComparisonHISTORY AND THEORY, Issue 2 2002Fritz Ringer Max Weber's methodological writings offered a model of singular causal analysis that anticipated key elements of contemporary Anglo-American philosophy of the social and cultural sciences. The model accurately portrayed crucial steps and dimensions of causal reasoning in these disciplines, outlining a dynamic and probabilistic conception of historical processes, counterfactual reasoning, and comparison as a substitute for counterfactual argument. Above all, Weber recognized the interpretation of human actions as a subcategory of causal analysis, in which the agents, visions of desired outcomes, together with their beliefs about how to bring them about, cause them to act as they do. [source] Political legitimacy: new criteria and anachronistic theoriesINTERNATIONAL SOCIAL SCIENCE JOURNAL, Issue 196 2009Mattei Dogan Two of the three types of legitimacy identified by Max Weber over a century ago, traditional and charismatic, are virtually inapplicable today. The third and only type that remains valid, rational legitimacy, has become an amalgamation of many different varieties, an incoherent collection of cases. Due to this diversity the type is no longer meaningful. Weber's typology is therefore out of touch with the contemporary world. The reasons behind this obsolescence are analysed empirically and the need for new distinctions demonstrated. The role of elites in the legitimation and delegitimation processes is given particular attention, as well as the links between illegitimacy and mistrust. [source] Discussion of Accounting Discretion in Fair Value Estimates: An Examination of SFAS 142 Goodwill ImpairmentsJOURNAL OF ACCOUNTING RESEARCH, Issue 2 2006DANIEL A. BENS ABSTRACT Beatty and Weber examine an accounting choice that managers made upon adoption of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards 142: whether to record a goodwill asset impairment as a cumulative effect of an accounting change at the time of adoption or delay the recognition of such an impairment to the future (perhaps indefinitely) when they would be recorded as expenses in earnings from continuing operations. The authors consider several factors that might influence management's reporting of transition effects, including contracting, equity market incentives, and regulatory forces. Participants at the 2005 Journal of Accounting Research Conference questioned whether such a complex accounting decision can be captured with simple linear models and noisy proxy variables, while also speculating upon whether the results would generalize to other settings. In this discussion, I summarize Beatty and Weber's research, highlight its contribution to the accounting literature, and provide a record of the main issues raised by the conference participants. [source] Ultrastructural changes of posterior lingual glands after hypoglossal denervation in hamstersJOURNAL OF ANATOMY, Issue 1 2009S. J. Cheng Abstract Posterior lingual glands consist of two sets of minor salivary glands that serve important functions in oral physiology. To investigate the hypothesis that the hypoglossal nerve provides sympathetic innervation to the posterior lingual glands, we examined ultrastructural changes in the glands following hypoglossal denervation. In the posterior deep lingual glands (of von Ebner), the serous acinar cells showed a decrease in the number of secretory granules and an increase in lipofuscin accumulation. The ratios of cells containing lipofuscin granules were 11.39, 36.49 and 50.46%, respectively, of the control, 3- and 7-day post-axotomy glands (P < 0.001). Intraepithelial phagocytotic activity was increased. The mucous acinar cells in the posterior superficial lingual glands (of Weber) also showed degenerative changes after hypoglossal denervation. One week after nerve transection, marked cytoplasmic vacuolation and fragmentation of organelles were frequently observed. Degenerative changes were also found in unmyelinated axons associated with the glands. We provide the first evidence of the structural and functional connections between the sympathetic component of the hypoglossal nerve and posterior lingual glands. [source] A Critique of Occidental Geist: Embedded Historical Culturalism in the Works of Hegel, Weber and HuntingtonJOURNAL OF HISTORICAL SOCIOLOGY, Issue 1 2006FETHI AÇIKEL Hegel's contribution to the philosophy of history is most clearly seen where he introduces a theory of historical development based on the secularisation of Christian cosmology. With Hegel, the Spirit (Geist), previously theologically understood, gradually becomes the embodiment of historical development. In the Hegelian vocabulary, the phenomenology of religion is formulated along with the theory of historical progress. In this article, I will argue that the question of historical development has been continuously elaborated in a culturalist fashion in works of Friedrich Hegel, Max Weber and Samuel Huntington as those scholars, through different intellectual traditions, essentialises the spiritual backgrounds of world religions and ties the phenomenology of religion with the philosophy of history in their historical analyses. This paper will argue that these scholars, by relying on the idealised images of religions and particularly of the Occidental Spirit, subtly elaborate the historical culturalist notion of development within Western thought. By arguing for an inherent link between religion and development, these scholars implicitly institutionalize a Eurocentric understanding of Western Christianity and the Occidental path of development within mainstream social theory. Be they philosophical (Hegel), sociological (Weber) or political (Huntington), the historical culturalism of these approaches shape our understanding of historical change, and ironically, instead of countering the excesses of crude materialism, they lead social theory into a form of Eurocentic historical culturalism. [source] A study of dietary advice and care provided to HIV positive patients referred for lipid lowering: as part of a service improvement initiativeJOURNAL OF HUMAN NUTRITION & DIETETICS, Issue 4 2008N.A. Billing Background:, Combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) has dramatically reduced mortality in HIV-infected patients. As life expectancy of HIV infected patients has increased, concerns about the long-term effects of treatment grow (Sax, 2006). HIV positive patients have a greater risk of myocardial infarction (MI) and ART has been associated with a 26% increase in the rate of MI per year of exposure (DAD Study Group, 2003). The aim of this study was to evaluate provision of dietetic care to patients referred for lipid lowering advice and identify potential areas for service improvement. Methods:, Departmental activity statistics identified 117 new clients referred for lipid lowering advice in the previous 11 months. The biochemical data and dietetic record cards were screened, of the initial sample 30 were excluded as they did not have follow up biochemistry after their dietetic consultation and a further seven were excluded as they were seen primarily for other conditions. The remaining cards (n = 80) had their dietetic record cards audited to check dietary topics discussed, risk factors identified length before follow up and clinical outcomes. Results:, There were 68 men and 12 women in this sample with a mean age of 46 years and mean body mass index (BMI) of 25.4 kg m,2 (3.7 kg m,2). Of the clients referred, only 48.8% of the sample had high density lipoprotein (HDL): cholesterol ratios taken to calculate cardiovascular risk and most patients were seen an average of 30.7 days (35.3 days) after high was identified. Following their dietetic consultation, 77% of clients had a reduction in their cholesterol levels and 61% had a reduction in triglyceride levels. This sample's average percentage change in cholesterol was ,10% (16%) and triglyceride was ,6% (32%). The most popular dietary advice was reducing saturated fat intake (90%), increasing fibre intake (76%), benefits of plant stanols (40%), importance of regular meals (29%), exercise (26%) and benefits of omega three (11%). Additional risk factors identified 11% of clients seen were smokers, however most records (66%) did not have documentation on whether smoking behaviour was discussed. Only 20% of clients had a follow up appointments and not all were seen within 3 months with average time between follow up being 14.9 weeks (13.2 weeks). Discussion:, Improvement in biochemical results were comparable to a study by Henry et al., (1998) which showed that in HIV infected clients receiving ART, diet modification and increased exercise were successful in reducing cholesterol levels by 11% and triglyceride levels by 21%. The level of smoking was considerably lower than other studies (DAD Study Group, 2003) which reported 56% of HIV positive clients to be smokers. A large number of clients were lost to follow up and were not seen within 3 months. Lazzaretti et al., (2007) showed in a randomized trial that seeing patients at regular 3 month intervals for dietary intervention prevented an increase in lipid blood levels in individuals who start ART. Conclusions:, Not all clients are having their cardiovascular risk calculated before referral for dietary advice. Clients are not being seen at regular intervals by dietitians, some are lost to follow up and smoking status is not regularly documented during dietetic consultation. References, Data Collection on Adverse Events of Anti-HIV Drugs (DAD) Study Group. (2003) Combination antiretroviral therapy and the risk of myocardial infarction. N. Engl. J. Med.349, 1993,2003. Friis-Moller, N., Weber, R., Reiss, P., Thiebaut, R., Kirk, O., d'Arminio, M.A. et al. (2003) Cardiovascular disease risk factors in HIV patients' association with antiretroviral therapy. Results from the DAD study. AIDS17, 1179,1193. Henry, K., Melroe, H., Huebesch, J., Hermundson, J. & Simpson, J. (1998) Atorvastatin and gemfibrozil for protease inhibitor-related lipid abnormalities. Lancet352, 1031,1032. Sax, P.E. (2006)Strategies for management and treatment of dyslipidemia in HIV/AIDS. AIDS Care 18, 149,157. Lazzaretti, R., Pinto-Ribeiro, J., Kummer, R., Polanczyk, C. & Sprinz, E. (2007) Dietary intervention when starting HAART prevents the increase in lipids independently of drug regimen: a randomized trial. Oral abstract session: 4th IAS Conference on HIV Pathogenesis, Treatment and Prevention: Abstract no.WEAB303. [source] Management, Theology and Moral Points of View: Towards an Alternative to the Conventional Materialist-Individualist Ideal-Type of Management*JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES, Issue 4 2005Bruno Dyck abstract Weber's (1958) argument suggests that there are four ideal-types of management, and that conventional management is underpinned by a moral-point-of-view associated with a secularized Protestant Ethic, which can be characterized by its relatively high emphasis on materialism (e.g. productivity, efficiency and profitability) and individualism (e.g. competitiveness). Weber calls on management scholars and practitioners to become aware of their own moral-points-of-view, and to develop management theory and practice that de-emphasizes materialism and individualism. Our paper responds to this challenge, as we draw from an Anabaptist-Mennonite moral-point-of-view to develop a radical ideal-type of management that is characterized by its emphasis on servant leadership, stakeholding, job crafting and sustaincentrism. Implications for management theory and practice are discussed. [source] Dialect stabilization and speaker awareness in non-native varieties of English1JOURNAL OF SOCIOLINGUISTICS, Issue 2 2005Devyani Sharma Research on indigenized non-native varieties of English has aimed to distinguish these varieties from individual second language learning in structural and social terms (B. Kachru 1983; Platt, Weber and Ho 1984; Cheshire 1991),; however, quantitative evidence of this divergence remains scarce. Through an analysis of a range of Indian English speakers in a contact situation in the United States, this study distinguishes developing dialect features from second language learning features and explores the concomitant emergence of dialect consciousness. First, an implicational analysis shows that some non-standard variables (past marking, copula use, agreement) exhibit a second language learning cline while others (articles) form a more stable, incipient non-standard system shared to some extent by all speakers; a multivariate analysis suggests that both sets of variables are governed by proficiency levels. Next, the explanatory scope of proficiency is assessed by examining the use of selected phonological variants (rhoticity, l -velarization, aspiration). The use of these features resembles native-like style-shifting, as it appears to be more sensitive to speakers' attitudinal stances than to proficiency levels. This points to the importance of understanding emerging speaker awareness and perceptions of stigma, risk, and value in new varieties of English. [source] Landscapes of the Law: Injury, Remedy, and Social Change in ThailandLAW & SOCIETY REVIEW, Issue 1 2009David M. Engel Sociolegal theorists since Weber have postulated that state law operates by interacting with and responding to nonstate legal orders. This article, examining conceptions of injury and compensation in Thailand, analyzes two ways of mapping law onto the landscape. The first is associated with state law and legal institutions established at the turn of the twentieth century. The state legal system imagines space from the outside in, drawing a boundary line and applying law uniformly throughout the jurisdiction it has enclosed. A second type of mapping, which has been more familiar over the centuries to ordinary Thai people, imagines space from the inside out. Nonstate legal orders are associated with sacred centers and radiate outward, diminishing in intensity and effectiveness with distance. This article, based on extensive interviews with injured persons and other actors and observers in northern Thailand, examines the interconnections between these two ways of imagining the landscape of law. It suggests that recent transformations of Thai society have rendered ineffective the norms and procedures associated with the law of sacred centers. Consequently, state law no longer interacts with or responds to nonstate law and surprisingly plays a diminished role in the lives of ordinary people who suffer injuries. [source] Max Weber on ,ethnic communities': a critiqueNATIONS AND NATIONALISM, Issue 1 2007MICHAEL BANTON ABSTRACT. An untitled draft found among Weber's posthumous papers was published. In English translation it was given the title `Ethnic Groups'. In the Max Weber Gesamtausgabe it is titled `Ethnic Communities'. In this manuscript, Weber treated the feeling of belonging together because of shared ethnic origin as a social construct, underlain by a desire to monopolise power and status. Subsequently, Weber determined to put an end to the use of collectivist concepts, but at the time of writing he treated groups as real entities, instead of using the concept of group as an aid in the explanation of behaviour. The causal connections in ethnic group formation and maintenance have been more closely identified in subsequent sociological analysis. [source] Optimal search for a moving target with the option to waitNAVAL RESEARCH LOGISTICS: AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL, Issue 6 2009János Flesch Abstract We investigate the problem in which an agent has to find an object that moves between two locations according to a discrete Markov process (Pollock, Operat Res 18 (1970) 883,903). At every period, the agent has three options: searching left, searching right, and waiting. We assume that waiting is costless whereas searching is costly. Moreover, when the agent searches the location that contains the object, he finds it with probability 1 (i.e. there is no overlooking). Waiting can be useful because it could induce a more favorable probability distribution over the two locations next period. We find an essentially unique (nearly) optimal strategy, and prove that it is characterized by two thresholds (as conjectured by Weber, J Appl Probab 23 (1986) 708,717). We show, moreover, that it can never be optimal to search the location with the lower probability of containing the object. The latter result is far from obvious and is in clear contrast with the example in Ross (1983) for the model without waiting. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 2009 [source] Church and Culture: Protestant and Catholic ModernitiesNEW BLACKFRIARS, Issue 1026 2009Anthony J. Carroll SJ Abstract This article reviews the church and culture relationship developed in Gaudium et Spes and Lumen Gentium and proposes a Catholic account of modernity as a way in which the contemporary mission of the church in today's culture can be creatively and faithfully carried forward. After an initial outlining of the definitions of church and culture proposed by the Vatican documents, I then go on to position my proposal of a Catholic modernity in relation to some important current accounts of the church and culture relationship that tend towards a rejection of secular culture. I argue that Protestant accounts of modernity have dominated in philosophical and sociological theories and draw on my previous work on Max Weber to illustrate the significance of this for developing a Catholic account of modernity. I conclude by sketching some of the important issues which would need to be addressed in formulating a systematic account of a Catholic modernity. [source] Alfred Marshall and the Concept of ClassAMERICAN JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS AND SOCIOLOGY, Issue 1 2010Patrik Aspers The purpose of this article is to analyze Alfred Marshall's concept of class. Marshall's concept of class is not well-studied. His idea of class is different from what Weber and Marx have proposed. In contrast to many other economists, he has a discussion of class that is developed. It is shown that Marshall sees classes as made up of people whose work offers similar chances of developing their higher faculties. An integrated idea is that different class positions are associated with different discount rates of future outcomes. Marshall's class theory combines physical and mental components. [source] Molecular dynamics simulation of annihilation of 60° dislocations in Si crystalsPHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI (B) BASIC SOLID STATE PHYSICS, Issue 2 2009Qingyuan Meng Abstract The annihilation of two 60° shuffle dislocations is studied via the molecular dynamics method. The Stillinger,Weber (SW) potential and environment-dependent interatomic potential (EDIP) are used to describe the atomic interactions. The simulation results show that the complete annihilation of the 60° dislocations takes place only when the two dislocations lie on the same slip plane. The annihilation process may occur without external shear stress when the temperature is higher than a critical value. It is found that the critical temperature increases exponentially as a function of distance between the two dislocations. Also revealed in this simulation is an incomplete annihilation occurring when the distance between the slip planes of the two dislocations is less than about 1 nm. If the distance between the two slip planes is larger than about 1 nm, the dislocations will glide on their own slip planes as if no interaction exists between them. (© 2009 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) [source] Uniaxial stress study of the Cu,H complex in ZnOPHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI (B) BASIC SOLID STATE PHYSICS, Issue 12 2006E. V. Lavrov The cover picture of the current issue refers to the article by Lavrov and Weber which was selected as Editor's Choice [1]. The picture shows a microscopic model of the Cu,H complex investigated in the paper. The complex consists of a substitutional Cu atom at the Zn site with an H atom located between nearby O and Cu in the basal plane of the ZnO lattice. The atoms are shown in different colors: yellow for copper, red for hydrogen, cyan for oxygen, and grey for zinc. Hydrogen forms a strong bond with the O atom which gives rise to a local vibrational mode at 3192 cm,1 investigated in the paper under uniaxial stress. The c -axis is parallel to the Cu,O bond pointing to the top of the figure. The authors work at the Institute of Applied Physics/Semiconductor Physics, TU Dresden, Germany. [source] Introduction to the Special Issue on Comparative Chinese/American Public AdministrationPUBLIC ADMINISTRATION REVIEW, Issue 2009Marc Holzer In the field of public administration practice, China has a history of several thousand years, whereas the United States has a much shorter history of hundreds of years of governance. In terms of the scholarly development of public administration in China, the roots of those intellectual resources can be traced far back, to Confucius's ideology of governance and the ancient development of a civil service system some 2,000 years ago. In terms of the systematic development of public administration as an independent subject of learning, however, the United States has been a leader worldwide. Public administration as a discipline in the United States dates back to the late nineteenth century, with extensive scholarly research and publications in the early twentieth century (Follett 1926; Goodnow 1900; Taylor 1912; Weber 1922; White 1926). In the Chinese context, although there were occasional studies of public administration in the first half of the twentieth century, systematic study was deferred until the middle of the 1980s. They were only truly continued following the official launch of master of public administration degree programs at the beginning of the twenty-first century. In this respect, China was a latecomer, and Chinese scholars almost always date the study and scholarship in this field to about 1980. Over the past eighty years or so, the United States has established more than 200 MPA and related programs, while China has founded 100 MPA programs in just the past eight years. Recognizing the urgent need for MPA training, China is trying to catch up to the demand for social development and societal transition. Considering that China has a population of 1.3 billion, compared to a population of 300 million in the United States, it looks as if there is great potential for China to expand its MPA programs. [source] Identification of heat-induced degradation products from purified betanin, phyllocactin and hylocerenin by high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometryRAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY, Issue 18 2005Kirsten M. Herbach Betanin, phyllocactin (malonylbetanin) and hylocerenin (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarylbetanin) were isolated from purple pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus [Weber] Britton & Rose) juice, and their degradation products generated by heating at 85°C were subsequently monitored by high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Thermal degradation of phyllocactin and hylocerenin in purified solution excluding the alleged protective effects by the juice matrix is reported for the first time. Betanin was predominantly degraded by hydrolytic cleavage, while decarboxylation and dehydrogenation were of minor relevance. In contrast, hylocerenin showed a strong tendency to decarboxylation and dehydrogenation, hydrolytic cleavage of the aldimine bond occurring secondarily. Phyllocactin degradation was most complex because of additional decarboxylation of the malonic acid moiety as well as generation and subsequent degradation of betanin due to phyllocactin demalonylation. Upon prolonged heating, all betacyanins under observation formed degradation products characterized by an additional double bond at C2C3. Hydrolytic cleavage of the aldimine bond of phyllocactin and hylocerenin yielded previously unknown acylated cyclo -dopa derivatives traceable by positive ionization, while application of ESI(,) facilitated the detection of a glycosylated aminopropanal derivative and dopamine, which have never been described before as betanin degradation products. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||