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Well-known Phenomenon (well-known + phenomenon)
Selected AbstractsExcessive exercise in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa: Relation to eating characteristics and general psychopathologyINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EATING DISORDERS, Issue 4 2002Eva Peñas-Lledó Abstract Objective Excessive exercise is a well-known phenomenon in anorexia nervosa, but less is known about its role in bulimia nervosa. In addition, there is little evidence regarding the psychopathological processes that might act as predisposing, triggering, or maintaining factors for such exercise. The present study examined the presence of excessive exercise in different women with eating disorders, and its psychopathological correlates. Methods Case notes from 63 anorexia nervosa and 61 bulimia nervosa patients were examined. Two-way multivariate analyses of variance (diagnosis × use of excessive exercise) were used to determine the impact of the two factors upon eating characteristics (EAT-40 and BITE) and psychopathological symptoms (SCL-90-R). Results While high levels of depression were more likely among all patients who used excessive exercise, levels of anxiety and somatization were particularly high only among those anorexics who exercised excessively. Discussion Possible explanatory models are advanced to account for this pattern of findings, focusing on the possible use of exercise as an affect regulation strategy among anorexia nervosa patients. Further research is suggested to test and develop this model, and possible clinical implications are outlined. © 2002 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 31: 370,375, 2002. [source] Investigation of coolant flow distribution and the effects of cavitation on water pump performance in an automotive cooling systemINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESEARCH, Issue 3 2009Kibum Kim Abstract Cavitation is a well-known phenomenon that causes performance losses in all kinds of hydraulic machinery, including automotive water pumps. The present study uses a coolant flow test rig to investigate cavitation in water pumps. The coolant flow rate was measured for various coolant temperatures and compositions. This study validates that cavitation occurs during the coolant warm-up period, in which coolant temperature is typically below 80°C. Cavitation was also related to a drop in the water pump inlet pressure and driving torque. Based on the results from this study, it can be concluded that cavitation is affected by coolant temperature, engine speed, and coolant composition. Furthermore, it is found that the use of an electric water pump is effective for minimizing the pressure drop and driving loss of the pump. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Observations of physical aging in a polycarbonate and acrylonitrile,butadiene,styrene blendJOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE, Issue 1 2008Jacky K. Y. Tang Abstract The effects of physical aging of a 75 : 25 PC/ABS blend have been studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). From DSC, two distinct peak endotherms at about 90°C and 110°C, which are associated with the glass transition of ABS (Tg,ABS) and PC (Tg,PC) components, respectively, were observed. When progressive aging was monitored at 80°C for over 1000 h, the changes in enthalpic relaxation, glass and fictive temperatures for the blend followed similar trends to those already seen in the literature for PC aged between 125 and 130°C. The rate of enthalpy relaxation was also comparable. The plot of peak endotherm against logarithmic aging time for the PC blend constituent, however, behaved quite differently from the linear relationship known for highly aged PC. The ABS peak component also appeared to be insensitive to aging. Both observations were confirmed to be statistically significant using analysis of variance methods. Using temperature modulated-DSC, there is evidence that aging increases the blend miscibility as the Tg,PC shifts toward the stationary Tg,ABS during aging. Parallel FTIR investigations found oxidation of butadiene during aging to be even at this relatively low temperature, forming hydroxyl and carbonyl degradation products. The presence of ABS in the blend also appeared to have prevented the shifting from the trans-cis to trans-trans arrangement of the carbonate linkage, which is a well-known phenomenon during elevated temperature aging of PC alone. Moreover, the carbonate linkage appears to have been at the lower energy, trans-trans, arrangement prior to the aging process. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008 [source] Vitiligo koebnerized by eyebrow plucking by threadingJOURNAL OF COSMETIC DERMATOLOGY, Issue 4 2002S B Verma Summary, Koebnerization is a well-known phenomenon in diseases like vitiligo and psoriasis. Eyebrow plucking is a common procedure, which induces some trauma. This is a report of a woman with vitiligo whose vitiligo spread to the eyebrow area after eyebrow plucking by threading in a beauty parlour. This is an example of an unusual koebnerization of vitiligo by a very common cosmetic procedure. [source] Number of Accidents or Number of Claims?JOURNAL OF RISK AND INSURANCE, Issue 4 2009An Approach with Zero-Inflated Poisson Models for Panel Data The,hunger for bonus,is a well-known phenomenon in insurance, meaning that the insured does not report all of his accidents to save bonus on his next year's premium. In this article, we assume that the number of accidents is based on a Poisson distribution but that the number of claims is generated by censorship of this Poisson distribution. Then, we present new models for panel count data based on the zero-inflated Poisson distribution. From the claims distributions, we propose an approximation of the accident distribution, which can provide insight into the behavior of insureds. A numerical illustration based on the reported claims of a Spanish insurance company is included to support this discussion. [source] Influence of the storage time and the method of stimulation on whole blood chemiluminescenceLUMINESCENCE: THE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL LUMINESCENCE, Issue 6 2002Wojciech Podraza Abstract The ultra-weak light, chemiluminescence (CL), of stimulated leukocytes is a well-known phenomenon. Parameters of this CL are modified by many factors including laboratory procedures. The order of stimulation and enhancement (two possibilities) and two concentrations of luminol create four types of procedure, which were accomplished in five sample storage ,time points'. We received the strongest signals of CL using higher concentrations of luminol (and DMSO), but only when stimulation (FMLP) was used before enhancement (luminol); luminol used before FMLP strongly inhibited CL. For lower luminol concentration (and DMSO), the order of stimulation and enhancement was of no importance. There were comparable but weaker signals of CL in this case. We received stronger signals with storage time for all procedures. It may be dependent on the priming of phagocytes by releasing cell factors. Stimulation (FMLP) before enhancement (luminol) eliminates the inhibitory effect of DMSO on CL. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Raman tensor analysis of baddeleyite single-crystal and its application to define crystallographic domains in polycrystalline zirconiaPHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI (B) BASIC SOLID STATE PHYSICS, Issue 2 2010Kyoju Fukatsu Abstract The angular dependence of polarized Raman intensity for the Ag and Bg modes was investigated and the full set of Raman tensor elements defined for a baddeleyite single-crystal, namely the monoclinic polymorph of zirconia (ZrO2). Based on the quantitative knowledge of the tensor elements, a method has been proposed for the determination of unknown crystallographic textures in monoclinic zirconia. An application of this method is also shown, which consists of a Raman analysis of crystal orientation on the microscopic scale in polycrystalline ZrO2 after its tetragonal-to-monoclinic (t,m) polymorphic transformation (i.e., occurred under an externally applied stress field). This working example not only confirms the well-known phenomenon of stress-induced phase transformation in polycrystalline zirconia, but also proves the existence of textured domain patterns in the monoclinic phase on a scale larger than that of individual grains. This finding might suggest that the structural and functional properties of polycrystalline zirconia after partial phase transformation should be reinterpreted with taking into account a crystallographic reorientation effect. [source] Recent work on entropically-driven ring-opening polymerizations: some potential applications,POLYMERS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES, Issue 2-3 2005Philip Hodge Abstract The entropically-driven ring-opening polymerization of macrocyclic monomers (>ca. 14 ring atoms per repeat unit) and/or macrocyclic oligomers is a relatively new method of polymer synthesis that exploits the well-known phenomenon of ring-chain equilibria. It attracts interest because of its novel features. For example, these ring-opening polymerizations emit no volatiles and little or no heat. This review considers the principles of entropically-driven ring-opening polymerizations, gives selected examples and discusses potential applications. The latter include micromolding, high throughput syntheses and the synthesis of supramolecular polymers. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] 2334: The challenge of interpreting the histomorphology of human fetal lensesACTA OPHTHALMOLOGICA, Issue 2010KU LOEFFLER Purpose On histology, the crystalline lens is , especially in fetal and infant eyes - an organ susceptible to numerous artifacts. Nevertheless, evaluation of the lens is often of paramount importance in the classification of fetal syndromes or forensic questions. Thus, the aim of our study is to evaluate various factors that might have an impact on lens histomorphology. Methods Our collection of eyes by now comprises more than 500 specimens from fetuses with a gestational age between 8 and 38 weeks, including a variety of syndroms. Apart from induced fetocid, death occured due to spontaneous abortion or post-natally. Specimens were fixed in formalin, and in selected cases one eye was put into Karnovsky's solution for comparison. All systemic findings as well as data related to the termination procedure were recorded. - Some individual cases shall be presented to demonstrate the variability of histopathologic findings. Results Most of the eyes revealed lens features different from the descriptions available in textbooks. At all ages, there were various morphologic changes particularly of the subcapsular cortex, compatible with cataractous lenses in the adult, while the well-known phenomenon of an indentation at the posterior pole was seen especially in older fetuses. The difference in fixatives had only a moderate impact on structural alterations. Conclusion Alterations in fetal lens morphology are extremely frequent and variable. These can be due to delayed fixation, cutting artifacts and other variables and have to be carefully taken into account particularly when interpreting post-mortem findings. The diagnosis of a fetal cataract should therefore only be made with great caution and not without a careful macroscopic evaluation. [source] | |||||||||||||