Home About us Contact
|
Home About us Contact | ||
|
|
||
Water Containing (water + containing)
Selected AbstractsThe Bifidogenic Growth Stimulator Inhibits the Growth and Respiration of Helicobacter pyloriHELICOBACTER, Issue 5 2010Kumiko Nagata Abstract Background:, Triple therapy with amoxicillin, clarithromycin, and a proton-pump inhibitor is a common therapeutic strategy for the eradication of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). However, frequent appearance of clarithromycin-resistant strains is a therapeutic challenge. While various quinones are known to specifically inhibit the growth of H. pylori, the quinone 1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoic acid (DHNA) produced by Propionibacterium has strong stimulating effect on Bifidobacterium. We were interested to see whether DHNA could inhibit the growth of H. pylori in in vitro or in vivo experimental setting. Materials and Methods:, The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of DHNA was determined by the agar dilution method. The inhibitory action of DHNA on the respiratory activity was measured by using an oxygen electrode. Germ-free mice infected with H. pylori were given DHNA in free drinking water containing 100 ,g/mL for 7 days. Results:, DHNA inhibited H. pylori growth at low MIC values, 1.6,3.2 ,g/mL. Likewise, DHNA inhibited clinical isolates of H. pylori, resistant to clarithromycin. However, DHNA did not inhibit other Gram negative or anaerobic bacteria in the normal flora of the human intestine. Both H. pylori cellular respiration and adenosine 5,-triphosphate (ATP) generation were dose-dependently inhibited by DHNA. Similarly, the culture filtrates of propionibacterial strains inhibited the growth of H. pylori, and oral administration of DHNA could eradicate H. pylori in the infected germ-free mice. Conclusions:, The bifidogenic growth stimulator DHNA specifically inhibited the growth of H. pylori including clarithromycin-resistant strains in vitro and its colonization activity in vivo. The bactericidal activity of DHNA was via inhibition of cellular respiration. These actions of DHNA may have clinical relevance in the eradication of H. pylori. [source] Chronic acid ingestion promotes renal stone formation in rats treated with vitamin D3INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF UROLOGY, Issue 1 2007Naohiko Okamoto Objective: Although hypercalciuria, a well-established adverse effect of vitamin D3, can be a risk factor of renal stone formation, the risk of nephrolithiasis has not been well defined. The consumption of a diet high in acid precursors is often cited as a risk factor for the development of calcium-based kidney stones. In the present study, we investigated the effect of chronic acid ingestion on kidney stone formation in rats treated with calcitriol (1,25[OH]2 D3). Methods: Control rats (C-C), calcitriol-treated rats (C-V; three treatments of 0.5 µg of calcitriol per week) and acid-ingested (water containing 0.21 mol/L NH4Cl), calcitriol-treated (three treatments of 0.5 µg of calcitriol per week) rats (A-V) were fed in metabolic cages. After 1 month, urine, blood, kidney and bone samples were analyzed. Results: The A-V rats exhibited elevated serum calcium concentrations, urinary calcium and phosphate excretion, urinary type I collagen cross-linked N-peptide (NTx)/creatinine values, mRNA expression of osteopontin in the kidney, and renal calcium contents as well as decreased bone mineral densities, compared with the C-C and C-V rats. Urinary citrate excretion was lower and NaDC-1 mRNA expression in the kidney was higher in the A-V rats than in the C-C and C-V rats. Calcium phosphate kidney stones were found in the A-V rats. Conclusions: The ingestion of NH4Cl, an acid precursor, promotes calcium phosphate kidney stone formation in calcitriol-treated rats. The chronic intake of a diet rich in acid precursors may be a risk factor for the development of kidney stones in subjects who are being treated with calcitriol. [source] QUALITY OF FRESH-CUT TOMATOESJOURNAL OF FOOD QUALITY, Issue 3 2004ABDUL HAKIM ABSTRACT Tomato fruit at pink or light-red stages of ripening were cut into slices, rinsed with water containing 50 ,L.L,1 sodium hypochlorite and drained. They were stored in perforated polyethylene package at 1C in air or controlled atmosphere for five and ten days. Weight loss, chlorophyll and lycopene contents, seed discoloration, fungal infection, total soluble solids content, titratable acidity, sugar/acid ratio, pH, flavor and taste, firmness, ascorbic acid content, rate of respiration and ethylene production, and electrolyte leakage were evaluated after each storage period. The overall quality of controlled atmosphere-stored slices was better than that of air stored slices. Slices from light-red fruit had lower weight loss, minimum seed discoloration, lower [source] Influence of urease activity in the intestinal tract on the results of 13C-urea breath testJOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY, Issue 4 2006Yoshihisa Urita Abstract Background and Aim:, A late rise in 13CO2 excretion in the 13C-urea breath test (UBT) should be found when the substrate passes rapidly through the stomach and makes contact with the colonic bacteria. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of intestinal urease activity on the results of the UBT. Method:, A total of 143 subjects who were diagnosed as Helicobacter pylori negative by serology, histology and rapid urease test were recruited. At the end of endoscopy, the tip of the endoscope was placed to the second part of the duodenum and 20 mL of water containing 100 mg of 13C-urea was sprayed into the duodenum. Breath samples were taken at baseline and at 5, 10, 20, 30 and 60 min after administration. Results:, Of 143 subjects, breath ,13CO2 values higher than 2.5, were detected in six (4.2%), four (2.8%) and five (3.5%) subjects at 20, 30 and 60 min, respectively. There was no subject with high ,13CO2 values at 5 and 10 min. Only one subject had an immediate rise at 60 min. Conclusion:, Variability derived from urease activity in the intestinal tract appears to be minimal up to 60 min after ingestion of the test urea. [source] Skeletal and Pigmentation Defects following Retinoic Acid Exposure in Larval Summer Flounder, Paralichthys dentatusJOURNAL OF THE WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY, Issue 3 2007Gabriela M. Martinez Supplementation of larval diets with vitamin A (VA) is routinely and successfully used to stimulate pigmentation development in hatchery-reared flatfishes. However, excess dietary VA can lead to high levels of its metabolite retinoic acid (RA) and has been associated with the occurrence of skeletal deformities, presumably via RA toxicity. We reared summer flounder larvae, Paralichthys dentatus, in water containing 0- to 20-nM RA to assess its effects on postmetamorphic pigmentation and on skeletal development. RA exposure disrupted pigmentation development: treated tanks had a smaller percentage of normally pigmented fish than did controls, with increased numbers of both hypo- and hyperpigmented individuals. Exposure also affected the development of several skeletal features: RA treatment correlated with a significant increase in the severity of defects in jaws, fins, hypurals, and vertebrae compared with control groups. [source] Synergistic or additive corrosion inhibition of mild steel by a mixture of HEDP and metasilicate at pH 7 and 11MATERIALS AND CORROSION/WERKSTOFFE UND KORROSION, Issue 11 2004D. Mohammedi Abstract Electrochemical measurements (steady-state current-voltage curves and AC impedance) were coupled with mass-loss measurements, SEM examinations, and EDSX analyses to investigate the inhibition of corrosion of a carbon steel by a mixture of phosphonic acid HEDP (acid 1, hydroxyethylene, 1-1 diphosphonic) and sodium metasilicate pentahydrate Na2SiO3. 5H2O in an industrial hard water containing 3.10,3 M Ca2+ ions. At pH 7, HEDP and Ca2+ act in a synergistic manner, by formation of a HEDP and calcium containing layer. Addition of silicate at this pH value, allows to reach an efficiency of 94% due to an additive inhibition effect. At pH 11, metasilicate, HEDP, and Ca2+ ions reinforce the passive layer in a synergistic way. The mixture (1.7 · 10,5 M HEDP + 2.6 · 10 -3 M SiO2,3) in the Ca2+ containing electrolyte is shown to be able to inhibit efficaciously the corrosion of iron at room temperature, considering uniform corrosion at pH 7 or pitting corrosion at pH 11. [source] Anaesthetic properties of Propiscin (Etomidaat) and 2-phenoxyethanol in the common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.), neural and behavioural measuresAQUACULTURE RESEARCH, Issue 11 2009Bert Lambooij Abstract The objective of the study was to evaluate the anaesthetic effects of Propiscin (2% etomidate) and 2-phenoxyethanol on common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) by observing neural and behavioural measures. When exposed to the anaesthetic agent, the carp lost equilibrium after approximately 90 s of exposure. They did not breathe and the controls did not respond to tail pinch or prick or 6 V at the skin of the upper jaw. A shift to lower frequencies on the electroencephalogram (EEG) and computing fast Fourier transformation was observed when exposed to water containing Propiscin or 2-phenoxyethanol. Heart rate was reduced after placement in the water containing an anaesthetic agent. It may be concluded from our results that common carp were immobilized and sedated, when exposed to water containing 2 mL L,1 Propiscin and immobilized and anaesthetized in water containing 0.5 mL L,1 2-phenoxyethanol. In addition, the use of EEG provides for a sound assessment of exposure of carp to these anaesthetics. [source] Toxicity of chlorine to different sizes of black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) in low-salinity shrimp pond waterAQUACULTURE RESEARCH, Issue 14 2002Husnah Abstract An experiment was conducted, in a dark room with controlled temperature (27.3,28.4 °C), to determine the acute toxicity of chlorine concentration to black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon fabicus) of sizes 0.02 g, 2.75 g, 8.47 g and 23.65 g. Toxicity tests on each of these shrimp sizes were run in triplicate in glass jars under static conditions without media renewal. The concentration of active chlorine that killed 50% of the shrimp of each size after 24-h exposure (LC50 -24 h) was used as an indicator of acute toxicity. Chlorine concentrations applied in the shrimp toxicity test ranged from 2.0 to 14.5 mg L,1 in shrimp pond water. As the test water contained total suspended solids of 22.0,85.0 mg L,1 and total ammonia nitrogen of 0.18,0.40 mg L,1, the resultant concentrations of combined residual chlorine ranged from 0.6 to 3.5 mg L,1, which were the effective doses causing shrimp mortality. The test results showed that 24-h LC50 for average shrimp size at 0.02, 2.75, 8.47 and 23.65 g occurred in water containing combined residual chlorine at a concentration of 0.91, 1.39, 1.74 and 1.98 mg L,1, for which the original application doses were 6.96, 2.05 11.50 and 13.34 mg L,1 respectively. [source] On-line concentration by field-enhanced sample injection with reverse migrating micelles in micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography for the analysis of coumarins from traditional Chinese medicine and human serumBIOMEDICAL CHROMATOGRAPHY, Issue 6 2010Ting-Fu Jiang Abstract In this work, a simple, reproducible and sensitive micellar electrokinetic chromatography method was developed for the separation and determination of three coumarins, imperatorin (IM), isoimperatorin (IO) and osthole (OS) from traditional Chinese medicine and human serum. Field-enhanced sample injection with reverse migrating micelles was used for on-line concentration of the coumarins. The optimum buffer contained 50,mM H3PO4, 160,mM sodium dodecyl sulfate, 20% acetonitrile and 15% 2-propanol, and the pH of buffer was 2.0. The sample solution was diluted with water containing 5,mM sodium dodecyl sulfate and injected for 15,s with ,8,kV after injection of 2,s water plug. The effects of concentrations of sodium dodecyl sulfate and organic modifier, the sample matrix, the injection time of water plug, the injection voltage and injection time of sample on the separation and stacking efficiency were investigated. Under the optimum conditions, the analytes were well separated and by optimizing the stacking conditions, about 93, 195 and 136 fold improvement in the detection sensitivity was obtained for IM, IO and OS. The contents of three coumarins in Angelica dahurica Benth, Radix Angelicae Pubescentis and Fructus Cnidii were successfully determined with satisfactory repeatability and recovery. The possibilities of using this method for the determination of three coumarins in spiked human serum were also tested. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] | ||||||||||||||||